Taussig and the Development of Cardiac Surgery

1. When was the famous "blue-baby" operation performed? A. 1944 B. 1942 C. 1955 D. 1950

2. Who wrote the medical textbook Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease that inspired Helen Taussig? A. Abbott Costello B. Maude Clarke C. Abbott Paul D. Maude Abbott

3. What problem was caused by the drug thalydomide? A. Phocomelia B. Photomelia C. Phocoitis D. Photogenia

4. During what decade did the heart-lung machine come about? A. 1940s B. 1950s C. 1960s D. 1970s

5. Which surgeon performed the first cardiac transplantation? A. Louis Washkansky B. Norman Shumway C. Christiaan Barnard D. Groote Schuur

Morton and the origins of Anesthesia

6. What was the first major contribution that American medical science made? A. Nitrous oxide B. Anesthesia C. Opiates D. None of the above

7. Operating rooms were isolated from the center of the hospital. A. True B. False

8. Who first discovered nitrous oxide? A. Morton B. Lister C. Priestly D. Collins

9. Who was the international figure that successfully anesthetized a patient? A. William Morton B. Charles Jackson C. Joseph Priestly D. Horace Wells

10. Which person or persons lived and died under tragic circumstances? A. Morton B. Jackson C. Wells D. All of the above E. None of the above

Giovanni Morgagni

11. Giovanni Morgagni was an assistant to what famous professor of anatomy?

12. Doctors realized that they should no longer look for the origin of disease in the entire body, but in a specific place. What is the name of this concept?

13. Morgagni believed that symptoms are the cries of the ______? 14. What book was published in 1761, by Morgagni, which became the turning point in medical history?

15. Morgagni’s book put an end to what prevailing belief?

William Harvey

16. What was William Harvey’s discovery that changed modern medicine?

A. Anesthesia

B. Gloves

C. Blood Flow/Circulation

D. None of the above

17. Which of the following was NOT contributed or introduced by William Harvey?

A. Inductive Reasoning

B. Quantitative methods in medicine

C. The notion of experiments on humans

D. A book of the human anatomy based on animal dissections

18. Where is William Harvey from?

A. England

B. France

C. Germany

D. Italy

19. True or False/ William Harvey was a medical doctor for King James 1?

A. True

B. False 20. True or False/ William Harvey studied embryology?

A. True

B. False

Galen:

21) Who claimed to be the ultimate heir of Hippocrates? a. Galen b. Vesalius c. Harvey d. Morgani e. Hunter

22) Who was believed to have discovered everything about medicine for approximately 1600 years? a. Hippocrates b. Galen c. Vesalius d. Harvey e. Morgani

23) Right up to the early 20th century, doctors prescribed concoctions made up of botanicals, minerals, and oils which were called what? a. salves b. medicals c. galenicals d. cures e. morganicals

24) Who introduced the notion that medicine was scientific? a. Morgani b. Harvey c. Vesalius d. Galen e. Hippocrates

25) What was ironic about Galen’s medical authority being overthrown centuries after his death? a. His ideas concerning the demiurge were challenged by Vesalius’ view of the demiurge. b. The acolytes of Hippocrates reexamined and, eventually, rejected Galen. c. The various sects which he scorned actually had valid, experimental challenges to his practices. d. Marcus Aurelius, his patron, betrayed him and invalidated his legacy. e. It was via the advancing examination of medicine in an experimental manner which he supported.

John Hunter

26) What is John Hunter known as/for?

a) The Founder of scientific surgery b) The founder of the Hunterian Museum for his collected specimens c) The founder of the biggest lecture hall in London d) Both a & b

27) What was his brother’s occupation?

a) A surgeon b) An historian c) A philosopher d) A butcher

28) What was John Hunter in possession of?

a) The skeleton of the Irish giant, Charles Byrne. b) The skeleton of the English giant, Chris Burns. c) A stuffed giraffe, the first giraffe ever to be seen by Londoners. d) Both A & C

29) What was John Hunters most famous auto-experiment on (conducted in 1767)?

a) On syphilis b) On gonorrhea c) On cholers d) On tuberculosis

30) What kind of transplant did he do? a) Breast transplant b) Tooth transplant c) Cornea transplant d) Knee joint transplant

Laennec 31. Percussion was first discovered/used when: a) An innkeeper would tap barrels of beer to see how full they were. b) Children playing games tapping on empty boxes. c) Early percussion instruments. d) Disciplining unruly children.

32. What disease did the first patients to be diagnosed using percussion have? a) Peritonitis b) Appendicitis c) Tuberculosis d) Cirrhosis

33. Who started the tradition of naming diseases after the pathological anatomical finding, instead of the main symptom? a) Laennec b) Corvisart c) Morgagni d) Hunter

34. What prompted Laennec to invent the Stethoscope? a) He felt uncomfortable touching an attractive female patient. b) He wanted there to be a more professional and distant relationship with the patient. c) He wanted to be famous. d) He felt frustrated that it he could rarely hear anything with the original method.

35. The three-part method of teaching medicine that was established in France by Corvisart involved all of the following EXCEPT: a) Careful history and medical examination of patient b) Autopsy c) Exploratory Surgery d) Comparing

36. Laennec was: a) German b) French c) Austrian d) British

Halsted:

37. William Halsted's position at the John Hopkins medical school was which of the following? A. Professor of anatomy B. Professor of surgery C. Professor of gynecology D. Professor of medicine

38. For the first time in an American medical school they had instituted? A. A full time system B. An internship program C. A clinical trial D. A anatomy 2 class

39. A hernia is a what? A. A discontinuity of the skin or a break in the skin B. A sac formed by a lining of the abdominal cavity C. A block for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies D. A lung infection that can be caused by different types of germs, most commonly viruses.

40. What was a Halsted Radical Mastectomy? A. A partial or full removal of the stomach B. The removal of a bursa, a small sac filled with synovial fluid. C. The surgical removal of the larynx, which involves separating the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. D. A lymphatic drainage of the breasts of the musculature of the chest wall of the way cancer spreads.

41. What did William Halsted introduce to the surgical room? A. Scalpel B. Surgical gowns C. Rubber gloves D. Probes Joseph Lister Questions

42. Joseph Lister invited which of the following methods for stopping infections?

A) Pasteurization B) antisepsis C) asepsis D) none of the above

43. Joseph Lister’s used ______to decrease the rate of mortality in his patients.

A) Hydrogen peroxide B) ether C) carbolic acid D) chloroform

44. Lister’s technique was accepted quickly?

A) True B) False

45. Lister technique entailed spraying which of the following;

A) the Surgeon’s hand B) operating room C) instruments D) All of the above

46. Joseph Lister spoke German and French the two major medical languages and by his teens he was an expert in using the microscope.

A) True B) False

Virchow and the Cellular Origins of Disease

47. Where did Virchow first study medicine?

a. University of Berlin

b. University of Wurzburg

c. University of Kohn d. University of Vienna

48. Which of the following is NOT credited to Virchow?

a. Discovery of leukemia

b. Discovery of lymphoma

c. Discovery of thromboses

d. Discovery of pulmonary embolization

49. Where did Virchow receive his first teaching position?

a. University of Berlin

b. University of Wurzburg

c. University of Kohn

d. University of Vienna

50. Which of the following was Virchow’s contribution to the cell theory?

a. All plants are made of cells

b. All animals are made of cells

c. All cells are created from other cells

d. All diseases arise from cellular abnormalities

51. Which of the following is NOT a field Virchow worked in?

a. Microscopy

b. Anthropology

c. Archaeology

d. Paleontology

52. Hippocrates' Hippocratic Corpus was written by: a) Hippocrates alone b) Hippocrates' students c) A group of men and maybe women over 200 years d) Hippocrates and his assistant 53. Medical students today still recite a famous document named the Hippocratic ______a) Law b) Doctrine c) Oath d) Statute 54. Hippocrates was a firm believer in the four humors within humans, including blood, black bile, yellow bile and ______a) Phlegm b) Pus c) Interstitial fluid d) Vitreous humor 55. Hippocrates is best known as: a) The leader of science b) The father of medicine c) The founder of medicine d) The father of science 56. Like other famous historical figures, Hippocrates hailed from ancient _____ a) Rome b) Babylonia c) Egypt d) Greece e) Persia

57. Giovanni Morgagni was an assistant to what famous professor of anatomy?

A. Aelius Galen

B. Antonio Valsalva

C. William Harvey

D. Theophilus Bonetus

58. The 72 year old man that died in 1702, died from:

A. Fever

B. Abscess/infection of the psoas major

C. Peritonitis

D. Ruptured appendix 59. Morgangi studied a book that he found was not useful. This book was written by: A. Andreas Vesalius B. Theophilus Bonetus C. Aelius Galen D. William Harvey

60. Morgagni’s book put an end to what prevailing belief?

A. Humorism

B. Age of Enlightenment

C. Predeterminism

D. Hippocratic oath

61. Morgagni was called the:

A. Father of the pathological anatomy

B. Father of the physical examination

C. Both

D. Neither

62. De Humani Corporis Fabrica (“On The Workings of the Human Body”) provided the first truly accurate knowledge of anatomy. It was written and illustrated by… a) Galen and Hippocrates b) Andreas Vesalius and Stephen Can Calcar c) William Harvey and Francis Bacon d) Giovanni Morgagni and Antonio Vasalva

63. Vesalius found the following errors with Galen EXCEPT… a) Galen had dissected only animals. b) The rete mirabile was in the heart and not the brain. c) The insertions of many muscles were wrong. d) Galen said the breastbone is made of 7 bones.

64. Vesalius didn’t like the way he was taught anatomy so he did the following EXCEPT… a) Direct barber surgeon to dissect per his instructions b) Hang skeleton nearby to use as reference c) Vivisected animals d) Students gathered around closely to observe

65. Andreas Vesalius became professor at the University of… a) Paris b) Padua c) Salerno d) Berlin

66. Vesalius’s book began the process of debunking Galen and… a) Galenists realized how wrong they were and heralded him as the great anatomist. b) Stephen van Calcar ended up taking all the credit for it. c) It took centuries for others to accept his ideas. d) Only when he became the physician of Charles V did everybody accept his publications.