Chapter 3 Section 2: the New England Colonies

CHAPTER 3 SECTION 2: THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

 Jamestown settlers came in search of wealth.

 The next wave of colonists came in search of religious freedom.

 England a Protestant country since 1534

 Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church

 Forms the Anglican Church

 Not everyone was happy with the new church

. Puritans: Protestants who wished to reform the Anglican Church.

. Separatists: those who sought to set up their own churches.

 Persecuted in England.

 Pilgrims Settle Plymouth

 1620: group of separatists known as Pilgrims decide to move to America.

. Pilgrim: someone who undertakes a religious journey.

. Got permission to settle in Virginia and practice their religion freely.

. Crossed on the Mayflower

 Carried 102 passengers on its 2 month voyage (66 days)

 Had 7 feet by 2 ½ feet of personal space.

 Drifted off course

o Landed at Cape Cod, well north of their target

 Named the place Plymouth (left from Plymouth England)

 Mayflower Compact

 Plymouth outside the territory of the Virginia Company and its laws

 While still on board, Pilgrims signed this document.

 Document set up an organized, orderly government.

 Native American Help

1  Nearly ½ of Pilgrims die during the 1st winter.

 Next Spring, Squanto and Samoset befriend the colonists.

. Taught them how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins and also how to hunt and fish.

. Also helped them make peace with the Wampanoag people.

. 2 groups live in harmony for some time.

 FALL 1621: Pilgrims include Wampanoag in a feast of Thanksgiving.

 New Colonies

 1629: group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company.

. Received a royal charter to establish a colony north of Plymouth.

. John Winthrop chosen to be the colony’s Governor.

 1630: Winthrop led 900 men, women, and children to Massachusetts Bay.

. Settle in a place they called Boston.

 Great Migration: (1630s) more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England.

 Government: Puritan government was a theocracy.

. Theocracy: government based on religious principles.

. Adult male church members allowed to vote for governor and representatives

 Property ownership eventually becomes a requirement for voting.

 Puritans came to practice their beliefs

. But had little tolerance for different beliefs.

. Persecuted people who did not agree with their views.

 THIS LED TO THE FORMATION OF NEW COLONIES

 Connecticut

 1630s: people begin settling the Connecticut River Valley.

. rich land better for farming than the stony soil around Boston

2  Thomas Hooker:

. Minister

. Did not like how Winthrop and other Puritan leaders ran the colony

. 1636: leads his congregation to the Connecticut River Valley

 Founded Hartford and other towns soon established

 1639: these towns form together and form a colony named Connecticut

 1639: adopt the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

o A plan of government

o 1st written constitution in America

o Described organization of representative government

o Reflected democratic principles

 Rhode Island

 Roger Williams founds Rhode island

. Minister

. Thought government should not force people to worship in a certain way

. Forced to leave Mass. By its leaders

. Finds refuge with the Narragansett

 They sell him land, where he founds Providence

. Rhode Island practiced religious toleration

 Became a safe haven for dissenters

 1st place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely

 Anne Hutchinson

 New Hampshire

 Follows Williams example

 1638: John Wheelwright led a group from Mass. To found the town of Exeter

3  Became an independent colony in 1679.

 Conflict with Native Americans

 Conflicts arose when settlers moved onto Native American land without permission or payment.

 1675: Wampanoag leader Metacomet waged war against the New England colonies

. Named King Philip to the settlers

. King Philip’s War lasted 14 months

 Colonists win

 War destroyed the power of the Native Americans in New England

o Philip had enlisted help from other tribes

 Colonial settlement expanded