COMPAS PROGRAMME 2007 - 2010
PROGRESS REPORT
Name of contract holder CIKS Contract number 075012/India/001
Year 2008 Half year 1
ETC Project number 075012 Month of sending to August 2008 COMPAS Author(s) A. V. Balasubramanian, Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems (CIKS) Electronic file name COMPAS INDIAN WORK REPORT—I SEMESTER 2008 JAN--JUNE TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION......
1 IMPLEMENTATION OF FIELD PROGRAMMES...... Baseline study...... 6 Implementation of field programmes...... 7
2 METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND SHARING RESULTS...... B2: UC Topical research...... 12 B3: Implementation of pilot innovative mechanisms for policy dialogue...... 14 B4.1: Comparative analysis, documentation and synthesis...... 14 B4.2: UC Systematisation support and impact studies...... 17 B4.3: New themes...... 20 B5: Learning events...... 24
3 CAPACITY BUILDING...... C1: Training programmes...... 24 C2: Critical reflection on integration of gender and social differentiation...... 27
4 SCALING UP AND MAINSTREAMING...... 28 D1: Strengthening/creation of multi-stakeholder platforms...... 28 D2: Awareness raising activities...... 29 D3: National policy advocacy activities...... 30 D4: Development and promotion of educational curricula...... 30
5 ENSURE EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE NETWORKS...... 31 E2: Indian animal products programme...... 31 E4: National coordination...... 33
6 ISSUES INFLUENCING IMPLEMENTATION...... 33 Internal factors influencing the implementation...... 33 External influencing the implementation...... 33 Requests for changes relative to planned situation...... 33
7 PLANS FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD...... 33 LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure Title of Annexure Appearing Number Number in Page of pages Number CI Report on baseline study carried out by CIKS in selected 6 9 villages KI Consolidated information of Chakodabailu organic village 6 10 CII Case study reports of organic farming experiences in 8 3 brinjal and ladies finger CIII Report on case study on vegetable cultivation 8 2 CIV Report on organic cultivation techniques for ladies finger 8 4 and brinjal CV Report on sale tolerance in brinjal 8 5 FI Report of rapid assessment of local health traditions 9 19 workshop FII Malaria management through local health practices 11 5 FIII Documentation of endogenous knowledge of malaria 11 3 management in Orissa and Chattisgarh KII On-farm experiments with respect to paddy and areaca 12 2 yellow leaf disease KIII Conservation and characterization of traditional paddy 12 8 varieties CVI Report on eco-friendly management of fusarium wilt 13 5 disease in tomato CVII Report of standardization of fumigator and prototype 13 3 photos CVIII Trials with storage bio-pesticides prepared with traditional 13 2 methods (ksharam) FIV A brief note on database on jvara (fever) and malaria 13 2 KIV Format to document traditional jack fruit varieties 14 19 CIX Reports of brain storming activities on organic farming 14 28 CX Format for documentation of traditional varieties 15 4 CXI Evaluation of morpho and physicochemical traits of 15 32 traditional paddy varieties FIII Documentation of endogenous knowledge of malaria 15 3 management in Orissa and Chattisgarh KV Documentation of organic farming experiences of farmers 16 26 in four villages in Kannada KVI KPP newsletter in Kannada 17 5 CXII Standard Operating Procedures—master list and draft 17 12 SOPs. CBO Photographs of Barn Owl nest 18 1 CXIII Validation of traditional agricultural practices 18 2 FV Development of protocol for validating ethno-veterinary 19 3 medicine FVI Study on economics of health 21 17
3 CXIVA Meetings, exchange visits and other activities 22 2 CXIVB Report on training on zero budget farming 22 1 CXV CIKS Newsletters 22 4 CXVIA Report on participation in national seminar on advances in 24 2 legume research CXVIB Report on FRLHT visit regarding BSBA analysis with cow 24 1 urine sample CXVII Report on training to field and scientific staff on 24 2 experimental methods FVII Training programme for traditional bone setting 26 7 FVIII List of participant organizations and participant trainees in 27 5 the training on documentation of ethno-veterinary practices FIX Report on policy advocacy meeting for the stakeholders to 30 7 mainstream ethno-veterinary practices into veterinary education and research FX An introductory module on Indian Medical Heritage for 30 28 medical students CXVIII Beneficiary list for promoting fodder grass cultivation 31 4 CXIX Conducting seed germination related lab experiments using 31 1 cows milk in brinjal and chilli CXX Field experiment for using cows urine for management of 31 2 diseases in paddy CXXI Use of bioassay as a tool for quality control of animal 32 27 products CXXII Report on testing the efficacy of raw cows milk on brinjal 32 5 seeds through seed treatment technique under laboratory conditions KVII Experimentation relating to the effect of cow urine on 32 2 paddy
4 INTRODUCTION
The COMPAS Indian partners implemented their activities as per plan during the first semester of 2008. During this period some of the highlights of the activities are;
. All three partners have completed baseline study of selected villages.
. Topical research is progressing well. Some experiments have been completed while others are progressing.
. The Indian Animal Products programme is proceeding well.
. Two partners have begun work on economic assessment of CNRM effort.
. Activities related to meetings and exchange visits as well as visit to research institutes and laboratories have been well organized by all partners.
. Most of the nationally coordinated activities will take place in the second semester of 2008.
5 A.1. IMPLEMENTATION OF FIELD PROGRAMMES AND BASELINE STUDY
Baseline study CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS A set of indicators was arrived at, based on which we would assess the progress of the programme intervention. Based on these indicators a base line survey was carried out in three villages namely Pazhiyur, Dharmathupatti and Vellampatti in Dindigul district, Tamilnadu. Annexure CI gives the results of the baseline survey as well as the compilation of baseline survey report.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS A baseline study was undertaken in 2007. The findings have been included in the Annual Report for 2007.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA KPP is presently working in four villages namely: Hulegaru village of Sagara taluk, Chakkodubailu of Thirthahalli taluk, Kilara of Siddapura taluk and Lalguli of Yellapura taluk. These villages are selected for organic village programme of the state government where in KPP is documenting the experiences of organic conversion for Compas programme. These villages are also selected for baseline study of human wellbeing.
During the reporting period efforts were made to compile and tabulate the data collected from the villages. The brief report of organic villages – Chakkodubailu and Lalguli are attached – Annexure K1. A general observation about the well being indicators are as follows:
1. Production – Farmers wish that both production and productivity should increase such that it is comparable with the local average through organic cultivation. Preently the productivity is low in Chakkodubailu village compared to Lalguli village. 2. Income – The farm family income should increase so as to meet their demands. The average farm income is slightly more in Chakkodubailu village (Rs.35000/-) compared to Lalguli village(Rs.30000/-) since there is more opportunity for working in and around Chakkodubailu village. It is nearer to Taluk head quarter comepared to Lalguli village. 3. Opportunity for cultivation – Many farmers have small holdings. So they want to expand their area of cultivation which in turn contributes for production and income. Individual farmer holdings were recorded. Opportunity for expanding the area is very less because of family divisions. The fragmentation is increasing and some farmers are moving out for sourcing additional income. 4. Multi-cropping – Farmers should have a number of crops which increases the sustainability of their income and also to serve the food & nutritional security of the family. Present cropping systems are recorded. Each farmer’s intervention in improving/adding an additional crop is recorded throughout the project period. 5. Opportunities for income generation – Farmers should have more opportunities for different agri related income generating activities like value addition, processing, local marketing, dairy, apiary etc. Presently in both the villages we could not see any income generating activity based on agriculture. Hence training is given on dairy and apiary in the first year of project to the farmers. 6. Bio diversity in the farm and village – Af-forestation programme in villages especially with endangered species of the area to improve the diversity either in farm and or village
6 should be done. This will also help in providing herbs for primary health needs, fodder, fuel, fruits and other nutritional needs of the family or community. Chakkodubailu village has evergreen forest with highly diversified tree species. Farmers are having wrong practice of pruning these trees during rainy season for making FYM. The practice of tree pruning has to be educated in this village. In Lalguli village the forest is mainly covered by teak trees and very less diversified. So farmers have to be educated on the importance of diversity in the forest and also farm. 7. Bio-mass production – Sufficient biomass for improving soil fertility, pest and disease control. This helps in self reliance of the family. Presently Chakkodubailu farmers does not have the practice of green manuring. They have live fences to their Areca gardens. In Lalguli village farmers grow pulses in Rabi or summer season. This activity helps in improving soil fertility to some extent. In both the villages importance of green manuring, live fence and other activities of biomass production has to be taught. 8. Soil and water conservation – Farmers should practice soil and water conservation activities which is a basic principle of organic production. Farmers are just aware of the importance of soil and water conservation. Only a few farmers have farm ponds/percolation pits to harvest rain water. Hence thrust will be given to help farmers in harvesting rain water and soil conservation activities. 9. Access to clean air, water and environment – Both farm and family should have access to clean air, water and environment. Presently both the villages have access to clean water, air and environment. Only twice/thrice bus service is there to these villages. There are no industries nearby or no other activity which pollutes their environment. 10. Water literacy – Farmers should be aware of their water sources, water pollution, water harvesting, minimum water usage etc. They should also practice relevant techniques. Presently farmers are just aware of importance of water and its usage. Activities to educate the farmers about water literacy will have to be taken. 11. Sufficient grazing land for animals – There should be sufficient land for grazing for animals either private or community (public). In both the villages there is no common grazing land. The cattle is grazing in the forest (rainy season) and in paddy fields in summer. 12. Enough cattle population – Each farm family should have enough cattle population to provide sufficient milk and manure. Cattle population per family is recorded.
Implementation of field programmes CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Training programmes on four selected topics based on baseline survey report.
Trainings are being designed and report will be available in the second semester.
Organic packages for cultivation of ladies finger and brinjal
Two sets of case studies have been compiled, one each from Kanchipuram and Nagapattinam districts of Tamilnadu. The organic package for ladies finger and brinjal has been documented in Tamil from Kanchipuram district. Organic practices followed involve application of bio-fertilizers, vermicompost, neem cake and groundnut oil cake as basal and top-dressing. For management of pest and diseases, Andrographis extract (5%) as well as ginger, garlic and chilly extract has been used effectively. In ladies finger, lights trap has been used for managing pest incidence. The
7 translated English version would be produced in the second semester report. The case study reports in Tamil are provided in Annexure CII.
The organic farming experiences of two other farmers viz., Mr. K.Ravichandran of Allivilangam village and Mr.K.Jeyapal of Adhamangalam village from Nagapattinam district has been documented. The two farmers have adopted organic farming after attending training from CIKS. They are cultivating brinjal and ladies finger through organic methods. The report of their experience has been documented in Annexure CIII.
Modules for cultivation of two identified crops based on traditional practices (Brinjal and Ladies Finger)
The module for cultivation of traditional practices for brinjal and ladies finger is an on-going work and standardization is in progress. However the package of practice which has been prepared for brinjal and ladies finger in the current form has been enclosed in Annexure CIV.
Information on traditional varieties
As a part of literature survey on traditional Brinjal varieties we came across the thesis titled “Studies on salt tolerance in brinjal” researched by Mr. CT.Sathappan, from Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu during November 2006. The research report had information on different traditional varieties of Brinjal. We had consolidated the entire thesis into a report which furnishes information about varieties suitable for saline soil. The study has given clear conclusion that Brinjal varieties can be grown in saline soil. Several attributes such as morphological characters, physiological characters and yield attributes were recorded for all local varieties of Brinjal. Among the local varieties, Thittu local and Gnanamedu local are suited for saline soil than other varieties. Thittu is a small village near Chidambaram which has saline soil and Gnanamedu is a village situated near Cuddalore. As a part of traditional variety conservation programme, we can collect these varieties and grow in saline soils of Sirkazhi Taluk to find out the suitability and adaptability. A consolidated report of the study has been provided in Annexure CV.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS PHC Model
Following field activities have been undertaken:
1. Establishment of a nursery for medicinal plants at Ramakuppam
Medicinal plant seedlings of following species have been raised in the above nursery.
1. Adhatoda zeylanica 2. Aloe barbadensis 3. Coleus aromaticus 4. Hibiscuss rosa-sinensis 5. Lawsonia inermis 6. Moringa oleifera 7. Murraya koenigii
8 8. Ocimum tenuiflorum 9. Punica granatum 10. Tinospora cordifolia 11. Vitex negundo
Dr. Haridasan monitoring the nursery Seedlings at Nursery
2. Workshop for Rapid Assessment of Local Health Practices
A workshop for rapid assessment of local health practices was conducted to present the results of desk research carried out on the documented local health practices for 6 prioritized conditions namely: Fever, Cough, White discharge, Red discharge, Anaemia and Diahorrea to the community, folk healers, Ayurveda and Allopathic doctors. It was conducted at Ramakuppam. Detailed report of the workshop is attached in Annexure FI.
Dr. Raneesh presenting the results Prof. Shantharam seeking a clarification
Participation of the community in the workshop
9 Traditional Bone Setting Inventorisation survey in Traditional Bone Setting In 2007, the inventorisation survey of traditional bonesetters in Karnataka was initiated and is in progress. The findings of the survey have been reported as a part of Annual Report for 2007. During 2008, a similar inventorisation survey has been initiated in Andhra Pradesh. The survey in covers details like basic socio-economic details of the bonesetter, nature of practice, conditions managed and extent of coverage etc. In the inventorization survey, we are really overwhelmed by the numbers of bonesetters who are actively practicing even today. For example from the Puttur mandal of Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh alone, we have been able to record 42 bonesetters in 35 villages. The inventorisation survey is still in process.
A monitoring visit was undertaken during the inventorisation Survey of Traditional Bone Setters in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. During the monitoring visit, 3 vaidyas were interviewed to verify and confirm the authenticity of the data collected.
Comprehensive documentation of Traditional Bone Setters Comprehensive documentation of Traditional Bone Setters has been initiated in Puttur Mandal of Chittoor Dirstrict, Andhra Pradesh. During this process, 5 Traditional Bone Setters were interviewed. 3 Traditional Bone Setters have been selected for comprehensive documentation based on our criteria of number of patients per day, age of patients, experience of vaidya, availability of x- ray unit near the vaidya’s treatment centre and communication skills of vaidya.
Vaidya Shankar treating a patient for Colles fracture The sling supports the arm at two points, one at the wrist joint and the other at the angle of the thumb and the palm
10
Interview with Vaidya Sharif Comparing X-rays taken before and after treatment by Vaidya Shrinivas
Prevention of Malaria through Traditional Anti-Malarials
The field clinical study of preventive practices for malaria was initiated July 2007 in Satkosia village, Thakurmunda block, Mayurbhanj district, Orissa and Bishnupur village Jhumpura Block, Keonjhar district, Orissa state in collaboration with SAMBANDH, a non-governmental organization in Orissa. The study got completed in February 2008. A detailed note on the implementation was provided in the Annual Report for 2007. The analysis, results and discussion of the study are given as Annexure FII.
Apart from these two areas, malaria is identified as a major issue for intervention in other states of India. In 2008, we have identified one non-government organization (NGO) each in Orissa and Chhattisgarh to extend the benefit of our ongoing traditional anti-malarial intervention to newer communities and locations. A list of the locations and NGOs identified is enclosed in Annexure FIII. In these newer locations, documentation of endogenous knowledge on malaria prevention and management will be undertaken. The training of village resource persons is scheduled for August 2008. This will be followed by field documentation and assessment workshop on traditional anti- malarials from the selected villages of Orissa and Chattisgarh.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA Promotion of good practices of NRM Farmers of the organic village programme are involved in the following activities: 1. Diversion channels to divert the excess rain water & to protect the paddy field from flooding in Kilara village 2. Farm ponds to store the rain water and to use them for protective irrigation in Chakkodubailu and Lalguli villages.
Village Diversion Farm ponds channel Hulegaru Nil Nil Kilara 150meters Nil Chakkodubailu Nil 6 ponds of 9mt*9mt*3mt size Lalguli Nil 9 ponds of 9mt*9mt*3mt size
11 The above activities mainly help in soil and water conservation which is very much essential to agriculture.
On-farm experiments with regard to paddy and areca yellow leaf disease
Two experiments were undertaken to find out the efficacy of liquid organic manure on management of disease in areaca and yield increase in paddy. Pongamia, Glyricidia and Eupatoium were used apart from jeevamurtha. The results of the study indicate that the concentrations used have not showed significant difference in the parameters tested. With regard to jeevamrutha (in areca for management of yellow leaf disease) the experiments have shown positive results and are continued. The details of the experiment have been provided in Annexure KII.
Conservation and characterisation of traditional paddy varieties
A collaborative research was undertaken with Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Ponnampet to characterize traditional paddy varieties and to identify varieties for resistance to blast disease. The experiment included both traditional and modern varieties and were classified according to mid- land and low-land varieties. Among the nine low-land varieties, none showed resistance to blast disease. Among the mid-land varieties, two traditional varieties viz., Dodda abhilach and Ghumgali showed resistance to blast while 10 showed moderate resistance and 17 were susceptible. The results of the experiment are presented in Annexure KIII.
Supporting farmers’ organisation to follow FLO standards and guidelines
Krishi Sugandha Farmers Foundation, Thirthahalli is a group of organic farmers promoted by KPP. KSSF was awarded as FLO certified producer group during last November(2007). FLO has organised two trainings to small farmers group. a. On 3rd March, 2008 – Training on new procedures and formalities of certifications was held at Coimbature, TamilNadu. KPP has sponsored Sri Dinesh Saru, ICS Co-ordinator for KSFF to attend the meeting. b. On 5th May, 2008 – Access to finance – Meeting was held at Bangalore. KPP has sponsored Sri Dinesh Saru, ICS Co-ordinator for KSFF to attend the meeting.
Support the farmer groups to develop ICS for Organic certifications
KPP has promoted ‘Krishi Rishi Pariwara’ to help different organic farmer groups in developing ICS for organic certification in Karnataka state. It has member farmer organisations from Gadag, Yellapur, Sirsi, Siddapur, Sagara, Thirthahalli, Hosanagara, Narasimharajapura and Puttur taluks. The total farmer members of all these organisations are 686. KRP has applied for organic certification on behalf all these farmers to Lacon Quality Certifications, a German based certification company. The inspectors of Lacon has inspected KRP and its member organisations during last week of March, 2008. The certification is in its last stage of process.
METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND SHARING RESULTS
B2: UC Topical research CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
12 B.2.1 University experiment on “Eco-friendly management of fusarial wilt disease in Tomato”
This is a collaborative project implemented by CIKS and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. The objective is to manage the fusarial wilt in tomato crop using natural products such as raw cows’ milk, cows’ urine, cow dung and sweet flag. The experiments involve isolation and identification of pathogen of F.oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, in vitro evaluation of antifungal effect of natural products and pot culture studies.. The experiments are a follow up to a first set of experiments reported last year. The treatment schedule and planned concentrations are explained in Annexure CVI. The results would be consolidated and presented in the next phase.
B.2.2 Standardization of fumigator
An experiment is on-going in Sirkazhi to test the efficacy of fumigation on seed germination using sweet flag at different concentrations with different fumigation periods in vegetables (Bhendi and Brinjal). The experiment involves application of smoke (produced by fumigating sweet flag) to the seeds for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests in seeds. The germination percentage of seeds through fumigation is also checked. A fumigator has been designed for this purpose and two prototypes have been developed and tried for efficacy. The design of the experiment and prototypes of the fumigator for use in the experiment has been provided in Annexure CVII
B.2.3 Trials with storage bio-pesticides prepared by traditional methods (ksharam) repeated
Two trials have been taken up to test two different ksharams made from Adhatoda and Calotropis. The first experiment is being carried out on Aphids under laboratory conditions in Sirkazhi. The second experiment is being carried out in FRLHT by using Brine Shrimp- Artemia salina. Combined with reference standard, the brine shrimp offers a bioassay that can be rapid, simple and more importantly, inexpensive and reproducible. The design of the experiments has been provided in Annexure CVIII.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS
Malaria is one of the most complex diseases to appreciate and develop solutions. It is important to understand the intercultural aspects of the disease. Before going to explore the management profiles from Indian Systems of Medicine, it is useful to understand disease profile like their causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis as explained in Indian traditional texts. With this context, we are developing a comprehensive database on Jvara (fever) and Malaria which would help us in deeper understanding of the disease. A brief note on the database is given as Annexure FIV. To facilitate intercultural understanding of the problem, a pre-clinical research i.e. screening of traditional anti-malarial plants using specific in vitro & in vivo, pre-erythrocytic stage (hepatic stage) model has been initiated in 2007 collaboration with Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
As a prerequisite to the above mentioned activity, it is important to standardize the plants/ formulations as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Hence, in 2008, the traditional anti-malarial plants that have been used for malaria prevention in the field study are collected and subjected to different physico-chemical and phyto-chemical tests.
13 KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA We have proposed to study the Jack fruit varieties of Sagara Taluk. A general format which is according to the international standards was developed by Dr. G. S. Mohan, a Scientist of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Ponnampet. According to this format data has been collected for 10 local Jack fruit varieties. The study report is expected in the early second semester of 2008 since the fruiting season will be over by July of 2008. The format has been provided in Annexure KIV. B3: Implementation of pilot innovative mechanisms for policy dialogue FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS A national level multi-stakeholders platform bringing together all the community based organizations as well as the NGOs involved in documentation, assessment and promotion of community knowledge in health care is being envisaged to be constituted under the aegis of Community Knowledge Service (India). The preparatory meeting for this platform is planned in September, 2008.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA Krishi Prayoga Pariwara (KPP) intended to carry out two activities 1. Prioritization of research programs 2. Rapid assessment of knowledge with regard to tree fodders
1. Prioritization of research programs
KPP has discussed with Dr.Devkumar, Head of Organic farming Research Institute, Shimoga regarding prioritization of research Programme. It is decided to plan the workshop in August or September, 2008. It is also decided to involve Areca Research Station, Thirthahalli and also Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Shimoga in the workshop. 2. Rapid assessment of knowledge with regard to tree fodders
KPP will be conducting this workshop in association with Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram who is working with different tribal peoples of Karnataka State. It is also proposed to conduct the workshop in September or October, 2008.
B4.1: Comparative analysis, documentation and synthesis
CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
Brain storming meetings on organic farming
A series of four brain storming meetings were conducted in four districts of Tamilnadu to identify problems and solutions in organic farming. The meetings had the participation of organic and chemical farmers, NGOs and government agencies. The challenges faced by organic farmers, expected support from government agencies, NGOs and society were discussed and the brainstorming output was documented in detail for all the four meetings. A detailed report on the topic is available in D1. The reports of the brain storming sessions are provided in Annexure CIX.
14 Traditional paddy variety conservation
Cultivation of five traditional varieties for conservation
In was planned to cultivate five traditional varieties by five farmers to document the productivity and morphological characters. Due to insufficient stock of seeds (that are suited to Kuruvai season) currently only two farmers are cultivating two traditional varieties (Karunkuruvai and Chithiraikar). Thirty characters are being documented and the crop is three months old and the final report will be presented in the next semester. The list of characters that are documented and the format for documentation are presented in Annexure CX.
In addition as a parallel effort five traditional varieties were supplied to Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (IICPT) located in Thanjavur, Tamilnadu from Chengalpattu office during first week of May 2008. As a follow up, Ms.Subhashini Sridhar, Ganesh and Dr.A. Anandan visited IICPT on 23rd May. They had discussion with Dr Alagusundaram, Director and Mrs. Vidya Lakshmi, Senior Scientist, regarding analysis work carried by their centre. Analysis report on physicochemical and other related parameters for the five traditional varieties will be sent by them during August 2008. The five traditional varieties are Karunkuruvai, Seeraga Samba, Neelam samba, Pichavari and Kalarpalai.
Evaluation of morpho and physicochemical traits of traditional paddy varieties
An experiment was conducted in collaboration with Department of Agricultural Botany of Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University on the research topic “Evaluation of morpho and physicochemical traits of traditional paddy varieties”. In general, traditional paddy varieties were found to be susceptible to lodging under inorganic practices. To avoid lodging, three systems of cultivation practices viz., organic, inorganic and double transplanting methods were compared with each other involving fifteen traditional paddy varieties. The comparison revealed that most of the genotypes were lodging with more spikelet sterility under inorganic cultivation and there was a marked increase in plant height, duration and spikelet sterility under double transplanting system. On the whole, organic method of cultivation was more profitable with minimum input and management for traditional paddy varieties. The complete details of the experiment in a report form in given in Annexure CXI
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS
B4.1.1: PHC Model-Anaemia
Documentation of local health practices from 9 folk healers for management of anaemia was undertaken in Ramakuppam Primary Health Centre area of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. There were totally 9 number of formulations were documented. An assessment of the local health practices is in progress. B4.1.2: Prevention of Malaria through Traditional Anti-Malarials
To assess the regional specific traditional, malaria preventive practices in endemic areas, a field study has been initiated in July 2007 in Orissa in 2 selected villages namely Satkoshia in Mayurbhunjh district and Bishnupur in Keonjhar district of Orissa. The study has been completed in February 2008. The data of the study were analysed. Results of the study are given in Annexure FIII. The findings showed a significant difference in the incidence of Malaria in study group (10
15 cases in Satkoshia and 8 in Bishnupur) and control group (32 cases in Satkoshia and 48 in Bishnupur).
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA Documentation of experiences of farmers in four villages
KPP is involved in organic farming programme of the state since three years in two villages. In other two villages the programme has started in 2007. The experiences in the first two villages have helped / guided the implementation of the programme in other two. The programme is implemented through a field officer and two field assistants. The field assistants regularly meet farmers to discuss the field activities done by the farmers, problem faced by them. All these are documented in the registers along with the suggestions given and also programme activities. The information is compiled yearly to know the overall status of the programme in the village along with transition processes. Documents on two organic villages are going to be published in August, 2008. The draft Kannada document is annexed (Annexure KV).
The summary of the report is as follows: 1. Only two farmers out of thirty three paddy farmers in Hulegaru are practicing 100 per cent organic farming. Out of 55 acres of paddy field only 8 acres of land is poison / chemical free. 2. Nearly 80 per cent of paddy farmers from Kilara Organic village are practicing 100 per cent organic farming. 3. In Hulegaru 12 Acres of Areca planatation is under chemical farming and around 60 Acres under 100 per cent organic farming. 4. In Kilara Organic village all the area under areca plantation (~35 acres) is under organic farming. 5. Dry lands where wild grass or horticultural crops are grown are under organic farming. 6. In both the villages more than 8000 percolation pits were dug. These pits harvest more than 10 crore litres of rain water every year. In Hulegaru village a small stream by name ‘Brahman Jeddu’ has reborn. In Kilara the residual moisture level in paddy fields has increased which in turn helped in cultivation of pulses during summer season. Before the project pulses were grown in around 17 acres and now it is grown in more than 35 acres. 7. In Hulegaru village 27 vermicompost units and in Kilara village 60 vermicompost units are constructed. Almost 2 tons of vermicompost per unit is produced every year. 8. Planting of glyricidia cuttings along the field bunds was promoted. 9. Motivation is given to form compost heaps and to use crop wastes, weeds in recycling efficiently. 10. Farmers are educated to utilise water judiciously. 11. Farmers are educated and motivated to use plant based botanicals to control pest and diseases. In Kilara village farmers have tried ‘Jagate gadde’ for controlling leaf folder in Paddy. KPP has informed this farmer innovation to Agricultural Research station at Sirsi to validate this practice scientifically. 12. A market outlet for organic products has been started at Siddapura town of Uttara Kannada district.
Reasons for farmers who are not practicing organic agriculture 1. Farmer is not interested in agriculture. 2. Organic farming is labour intensive. 3. Farmer addiction to alcohol, tobacco and other bad habits.
16 4. Village level politics. 5. Farmers are not interested in philosophical / ideological simple life style. Instead interested in self centred life style. 6. Natural calamities. 7. Lack of community fencing for paddy fields which has made farmers not to grow green manure crops or pulses during summer. 8. Problem of wild animals.
Based on the experience of Hulegaru and Kilara organic villages programme in other two villages - Chakkodubailu and Lalguli - are being executed since March, 2007. Some observations are: 1. Farmers adopting organic farming is as follows:
Description Chakkodubailu Lalguli 1. From Organic to Organic 19 7 2. From Chemical to Organic 14 83 3. From Chemical to Chemical 50 6 Total 83 96
2. There is yield reduction in farmers who have shifted from chemical to organic agriculture. It is from 10 to 50 per cent of the previous year production. The yield reduction is recorded for paddy production since areca production is mainly on organic cultivation.. 3. Farmers of both the villages are encouraged to produce compost. In both the villages each family is motivated to form minimum of one compost heap. The production of compost from one compost heap is around 7 tons. 4. Farmers are encouraged to collect cattle urine from cattle shed and use them in paddy fields. 5. Farmers are encouraged to grow Azolla both for cattle feed and paddy field. 6. Farmers are encouraged for harvesting rain water in their farms.
Publication of Pariwara Patra
KPP is publishing a newsletter in Kannada, local language. It basically informs the farmers, well wishers, individuals, public different activities of KPP. The third newsletter was published in June, 2008. The PDF version is annexed (Annexure KVI).
B4.2: UC Systematisation support and impact studies CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS 4.2.1. Development of standard operating procedures.
Preparation of about forty SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) have been planned long term. In the last phase, ten SOPs were provided in the report viz., SOPs for light trap, pheromone trap, fumigation, seed treatment, panchagavya, amirtha karaisal, garlic, ginger, chilly extract, five leaf extract, jatropha leaf extract and neem seed kernel extract. Five more SOPs viz., neem cake extract, neem oil spray, Andrographis kashayam, panchatikta kashayam and compost have been prepared in this semester. The other SOPs are under various stages of preparation and finalization. Annexure CXII has the list of five newly developed SOPs as well as the list of master list of 39 SOPs and the guideline circulated among the technical staff involved in the preparation of SOPs.
17 4.2.2 Experiment related to rat management a. Barn Owl conservation
There are several research reports on the predatory habit of Barn Owl on rats. Barn owl (Tyro alba stertens) is characterized by having strong hooked bill and sharp powerful talons for grasping, killing and tearing their prey, which are usually rats. As a part of the ongoing strategy to control rat population using an integrated approach, two barn owl nests were set up in Mr. Manikandan’s farm at Sirkazhi. The nest boxes were made by the local carpenter using old wood and erected on iron poles. They were placed in such a way that the entrances of the nest boxes do not face east or west. Within a week of erecting the nest boxes, one of the nest boxes were found to be inhabited by a spotted owlet. Recent observations show that there is a pair of spotted owlets, possibly with their brood in the nest. However, one another nest box remains vacant. The spotted owlets are no match to the barn owls due to their smaller size. However, they cans till play a vital role in controlling the rat population by consuming small rats and mice. The experiment is on-going. Three photographs of the nest and spotted owlet has been provided in Annexure CBO. b. Field experiments
Field experiments related to management of rat in agriculture are being designed and will be taken up in the second semester. c. Experiments to modify the existing Thanjavur trap
Discussion with farmers to know the constraints in using the Thanjavur trap and scope of improving the efficiency is in progress and related work will be taken up in second semester of 2008.
4.2.3 Farmer study group meetings a. Sharing of experiences of farmers involving scientists
Sharing of experiences by farmers with scientists is planned in July 2008 and the related report will be provided in second semester of 2008. b. Conducting experiments in the farmers’ field based on farmers-scientist interaction
Two experiments were started during the current phase on Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) management and stem borer management at Adhamangalam and Ilayankudi villages at Sirkazhi taluk in Nagapattinam district. The experiments are on-going and BLB management is carried out using cow dung extract 20% and stem borer management is through a combination of neem oil— cow dung—sand mix spray. For both the experiments the paddy variety used is ADT-43. The design of the experiment is provided in Annexure CXIII
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS
Prevention of Malaria through Traditional Anti-Malarials
The hepatic stage of the plasmodium life cycle plays a significant role in prevention of malaria. It is essential to develop drugs inhibiting the growth of Plasmodium hepatic forms, which can be used as prophylactic agents by people from endemic areas. In 2007, FRLHT signed an agreement for
18 collaboration with Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore to undertake a preclinical study to assess the toxicity and efficacy of traditional antimalarial plants. During 2008, we have initiated hepatic cell line culturing that will be used in assessing the toxicity and efficacy of traditional antimalarial plants.
Traditional Bone Setting
In order to bring about an intercultural perspective and understanding for mainstreaming traditional bone setting practices, discussions were initiated with Dr. H.M. Prasanna, MD (Ortho), FAQ (Germany), Chairman & Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Pristine Hospital, Bangalore. Based on his feedback and suggestions, the Training manual on Traditional Bone Setting incorporates information regarding the difference between Smith Fracture and Colles Fracture.
Similarly, based on discussions with Dr. V. Ganapathi, M.D. (Siddha), the Training Manual on Traditional Bone Setting incorporates information regarding methods of treatment of simple fractures and preparation of medicines for the management of Fractures, as mentioned in Siddha system of Medicine.
Promotion and mainstreaming of Ethno-veterinary Practices in Veterinary Education and Research
In order to promote and mainstream ethno-veterinary practices in Veterinary Education and Research, a beginning has been made in development of protocols for ethno-veterinary research as a part of Ph.D. research work of Dr. Gopinath, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi. Following protocols have been prepared by him for validating ethno-veterinary medicine for two diseases i.e. Mastitis and Helminthiasis. The same is given in Annexure-FV.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA
Documentation of very popular eco friendly practices of agriculture
KPP as informed earlier is involved in organic village programme in four villages. KPP made a survey of popular eco friendly farming practices among the farmers of these villages and also the core group of KPP.
Description KPP core Hulegaru Kilara Lalguli Chakkodubailu group 1. Use of gobar gas slurry 8 20 6 7 18 2. Composting 0 10 34 50 72 3. Vermicompost 1 27 60 2 4 4. Use of cow urine 0 2 20 42 10 5. Biodigestor 2 6 1 0 0 6. Liquid manure 2 10 40 6 6 7. Green manure 1 0 12 30 0 8. Glyricidia on bunds 8 80 73 96 83 9. Botanical use 2 2 30 20 2 Total respondents 8 80 73 96 83
19 Farmers who form the core group of KPP does not use much of organic farming practices except that they use gobar gas slurry for either direct feeding to the plants or for making farm yard manure. Majority of the farmers use only FYM to supply the nutrients to their farm. They recycle the crop waste either in situ or through FYM. Very few farmers use techniques of composting, vermicomposting, use of urine, botanicals use, liquid manure etc. However all of the farmers have live hedges of glyricidia plants which the farmers prune twice in an year. The farmers say regarding the non use of prominent practices like composting etc. that in the initial years of conversion they had followed the practice of composting, use of cow urine, botanicals etc. But after 5-6 years of organic farming they find their soil healthy and the crop environment more balanced than before. So putting just FYM is enough to get sustainable yield. These farmers have also observed very low rate of pest attack. Hence they does not use any botanicals. In all four organic villages majority of the farmers are following either composting or vermicomposting to supply nutrients to plants. They also use cow urine or liquid manure or botanicals whenever there is slower growth of crops or pest attack. All the farmers are encouraged to plant glyricidia plants on the bunds of their farm. So the travel of farmer from chemical farming to organic farming have different steps where in the initial years practices to improve soil fertility, ecological balance have to be kept in place. Once soil fertility is improved and ecological balance is restored minimal management practices are enough to get sustainable yield.
B4.3: New themes CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Economic assessment of CNRM effort
Economic assessment of CNRM effort is planned to be assessed through understanding the impact of new retail chains on the unorganized sector vending conventional food products as well as impact on organic products. The entry of retail chains in the recent past has raised serious concern on the impact of farmers, kirana store owners, traders, commission agents, consumers and economy. There are many articles that have assessed the pros and cons. A review of the articles on the matter would give a theoretical overview. For instance, CPM (political party) has given a memorandum to Prime Minister of India against allowing corporates’ and if allowed it should be regulated and licensed. Articles by JM Morgan Stanley are advocating for retail chains as they benefit through restructuring the retail chain, transforming retail distribution, reducing inefficiency in agriculture supply chain and offer more productive employment.
A case study will be conducted by interviewing kirana stores, push-cart vendors on the impact of new retail chains in Adyar/Besant nagar/Thiruvanmiyur area of Chennai in terms of reduction/increase of volume sold in the last two years. To know the impact on organic sector, selected organic outlets like Econut, Saturday Shandy and Enfield agro can be interviewed. A review of literature as well as a micro-case study would reveal the ground picture.
One more way to understand the agri-produce procurement methods of retail chains are to visit Ottanchathiram market as it has been talked in the market that Reliance and other chains have tied with farmers and wholesalers to procure from the farm gate and from the market so as to reduce cost of procurement. Apart from corporate retail chains recent addition to the organized vegetable market is the presence of mini-chains like Kovai Pazhamudir Nilayam, Kovai Pazhamudir Cholai and Anbu Pazhamudir Nilayam selling vegetables and which have on an average at least five branches each and have high foot falls. Their impact on the traditional mini-vegetable stores and push-cart vendors as well as their interest to stock organic vegetables could be studied through
20 visits to the shops. The work on this front is on-going and is co-funded by HIVOS and will be reported in the second semester report of 2008.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS
Economy of health care At the start of the implementation of field programme, an initial meeting was held with a small group of stakeholders. During this meeting it was pointed out that local people are spending one third of their income on health related expenditures but still are not able to avail standard health services due to many reasons. Lack of access to Primary Health Centre, lack of availability of professional health service providers, lack of availability of medicines, lack of genuine medicines in the medical stores and prevailing economic conditions of the rural people are a few of the reasons that reportedly prevent them from availing quality medical service.
A pilot study of Economic assessment of health care was undertaken in 2007 covering selected villages in Ramakuppam Primary Health Centre area and Paipalyam Primary Health Centre area of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh under the guidance of Prof. K R John, Head of the Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore Tamilnadu. The objective of the study was to know the different kinds of health problems which community is facing and their expenditures on their treatment. A total of 70 households were interviewed for collecting data pertaining to kind of health problems they faced, duration of the illness, whether they have taken treatment from Ayurveda, Sidda, Homeopathy, Home remedies, Folk healers or Allopathic (Local nurse, Primary Health Centre, Medical Shop, Grocery Shop, District Hospital, etc); whether s/he was an In Patient or Out patient; Distance from their villages to the place of the service from where they obtained treatment and the total expenditures they incurred.
In 2008, a detailed survey on the economics of health has been undertaken in selected villages of Ramakuppam and Paipalyam Primary Health Centre Jurisdiction. A total of 525 households were interviewed under Ramakuppam PHC area and 750 households were interviewed from Paipalyam PHC area to collect data using pre-tested interview schedule, the specimen of which is attached in Annexure FVI. Data entry of all the schedules has been completed. The analysis of data collected is in progress.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA Rural people's vision of income generation Even though we know the strengths of the tradition, farmers live in the modern situation. They are well influenced by the free market, globalisation etc by which the demand for material benefits are also high. We wanted to know how farmers/rural people look at improving their income level so as to meet the material aspirations without sacrificing the environmental qualities and without compromising with alternative, eco friendly agricultural philosophy. We have recorded case histories of two farmers: 1. Sri Dinesh Saru – He has planned crop diversification in his field. Secondly he does processing of a few farm products which fetches him more price apart from giving him more employment. Thirdly to explore the possibility of trading. He is involved in farmer groups which tries to explore direct linkages with consumers. All these channels have improved his economic situation.
21 2. Smt. Malathi S. Bhat – She has also planned crop diversification in her field. She also gets income through selling milk. Apart from this she is involved in women self help group through which she prepares speciality sweets served in different holy occasions. This has given her and her team employment and income. She also involved in some other group activities to improve her income. The detailed report is being prepared and will be ready by August, 2008.
B5.1: Meetings, exchange visits and other activities CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Visit of farmers groups and field staff to traditional agricultural farms
A group of farmers and staff visited the organic farm of Mr.Anthonysamy at Puliyankudi, Tirunleveli district to learn about the organic farming practices. Mr. Gomathynayagam, a pioneering organic farmer was also present as a resource person CIKS research farm and farmer’s fields had many visitors. The list of visitors and the report of the visit to organic farmers’ field by farmers is enclosed in the Annexure CXIVA.
Participation in farmer’s festivals and exhibitions
CIKS and farmers’ society participated in an agriculture fair at Madurai. Publications of CIKS as well as organic products of farmers’ society were sold. Two farmers from Sirkazhi attended a training program on Zero-budget farming at Coimbatore. Annexure CXIVB contains report of the training. Another important participation was that of Mr. Arumugasamy, Program Director of CIKS who attended the 16th Organic World Congress hosted by IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements). The list of paper and poster presented is as follows respectively;
Study of Marketing Options and Structures Available for Organic Products for Non- Governmental Organisations in India.
Plant Products as Biopesticides: Building on Traditional Knowledge of Vrkshayurveda: Traditional Indian Plant Science.
Display list of traditional agricultural technologies in CIKS experimental farm
The work related to this topic has been on-going and a report will be presented in the next semester report.
Publication of newsletter in English and Tamil
Publication of newsletter in English and Tamil is an on-going work. A recent development is that an on-line version of the newsletter (called as CIKS Wire) has been e-mailed in June to a limited list of supporters and well-wishers of CIKS on a trial basis to receive the feedback and the suitability. It is planned to send the on-line version on a monthly basis, albeit in a shorter from. Two copies of each of the newsletter in English (CIKS NEWS) and in Tamil (Valam) were produced in January and April 2008 (Annexure CXV).
22 FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS
A learning visit of folk healers from tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa and Tamilnadu was organized to meet and exchange with tribal healers from eight different states of India was organized at National Workshop of Tribal Healers in Kozhikode, Kerala in collaboration with Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Ministry of Culture, Bhopal.
Meetings and exchange visits
Brief details of meetings and exchange visits undertaken during the first half year of 2008 are given below:
Sl. No. Meeting/exchange visits Program details
1 Invited lecture on Traditional Anti- Malaria Day Celebration malarials Organized by Janardhan Foundation and Bangalore University, Bangalore
25th-26th April, 2007 at Sri Renukacharya College, Anandarao circle, Bangalore-9
2 Invited lecture on Indian Medical Bangalore Science Forum, H.N. Heritage Hall, National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore on 7th May,2008
3 Exchange visit for Mutual (Central Council of Research in Exchange of Malaria Research Ayurveda & Siddha (CCRAS), activities Chennai on 15th May,2008
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA Visits of farmer groups and field staff to traditional agricultural farms
Farmers from Kilara village are taken to visit of some traditional farms and institutions(19th and 20th, February, 2008). Fifty-four farmers participated in the visit along with the filed staff. They visited Mailenahalli water shed area and sangham. There they learnt about the importance of watershed concept, rain water harvesting, green manuring, dry land horticulture, agroforesty, ethno veterinary practices, and value addition of farm products. Then they visited Lakkihalli farm maintained by BAIF, Tiptur. There they visited herbal garden, sericulture unit, medicinal nursery, grafting and agro-forestry. The second day they visited Sri A P Chandrashekhar’s farm at Mysore. He explained them the importance of biodiversity. He has more than 2500 plant species in 13 acres of farm. He grows the all most all the commodities required by his kitchen. He also has a processing centre and marketing outlet to sell his farm products. The group then visited CFTRI, Mysore. They learnt about paddy processing and value addition. Study group meetings 23 The study group meeting was regarding the organic farming and life style practices. Farmers from Lalguli village of Yellapura taluk were selected for the study. It was planned to have practical orientation of different methods of organic vegetable gardening, home medicine and life style. The group was trained in organic vegetable cultivation by Aruna Kumara of KPP. The farmers are trained in home medicine by Vaidya D N Aruna Kumara of Mysore. The farmers are supplied with seeds of different vegetables. One farmer has cultivated 16 varieties of vegetables in his farm. A minimum of eight varieties of vegetables are cultivated by Lalguli farmers and their dependence on market was zero or very minimum. The group has also practiced a few home remedies for primary health problems like cold, cough, fever, different aches etc.
B5.2: Learning and sharing of UC and partners
CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
Visit to Laboratories and Research Institutes
Technical staff from Sirkazhi project office attended a national seminar on “Advances in Legume Research” organized by Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu in March 2008. The discussion focused on causes for reduction in pulse yield and strategies to increase yield. Scientists from various institutes and research stations all over India who were involved in research on legume crop participated in this seminar and presented their research papers. The report is provided in Annexure CXVIA. Mr.H.Ganesh of CIKS visited the FRLHT laboratory to learn about the procedure of BSBA (Brine Shrimp Bio Assay) as well as preparation of chromate solution. He had a discussion with Dr.Padma Venkat about cow urine sample collection, usage in agriculture and also about BSBA analysis results with current sample of cow urine. The report of the visit is presented in Annexure CXVIB
Dr.Annamalai Anandan, Researcher in Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University and who works closely with CIKS and undertakes research project was financially supported by CIKS to participate in a training program on “Hands-on training cum workshop on application of plant biotechnology in agriculture” conducted by Department of Bio-Technology, Government of India, New Delhi held between 9th-20th June, 2008 at New Delhi.
Training to field and scientific staff on experimental methods
Training to field and scientific staff of CIKS covered the following areas; soil health and ecology, approaches on commercial seed production, integrated farming systems, certification of group of farmers under the different organic standards for small holder operators of IMO, bio fertilizer production techniques and international business and marketing. The list of trainings is provided in Annexure CXVII.
CAPACITY BUILDING
C1: Training programmes CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS CNRM training in India 24 Following the training program which was held on the topic “Legal and Regulatory Framework relating to natural resources management” held in previous semester, as a follow up, the following acts have been translated (as draft) into Tamil viz., Biodiversity act 2002 and bio-diversity rules 2004, People’s biodiversity register and the following components of Seed Act namely; The Seeds Act, 1966 (Act no. 54 of 1966), The Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1972 (No. 55 of 1972), The Seeds Rules, 1968, The Seeds (Amendment) Rules, 1973, The Seeds (Amendment Rules), 1974, The Seeds (Amendment) Rules, 1981. For training purpose, the bio-diversity act 2002 and biodiversity rules 2004 and peoples’ biodiversity register have been readied for power point presentation also. The draft is being reviewed and is in the process of finalization.
Documentation training in India Training and documentation will take place in the second semester of 2008.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS PHC Model
A training programme was organised for community representatives, leaders from self help groups, farmers etc regarding baseline survey, Participatory rural appraisal for prioritisation of primary health care conditions. Discussion was also undertaken on health seeking behaviour of the people, prevailing health facilities, etc.
Totally there were four capacity building trainings on the study on economics of health that were organised for the field enumerators from both Ramakuppam and Paipalyam PHC areas. The objective of the training was to orient them on the purpose of doing the study and to train them on how to collect the data from the households using well developed interview schedule. Each question in the interview schedule was explained and practical excise of collecting data among field enumerators was carried on to make them thorough in collecting data. Prof. K R John asked field enumerators to fill up one interview schedule each on their own family details then told them to exchange formats and understand the details. All the doubts of field enumerators were clarified regarding the interview schedule. In subsequent trainings interview schedules of pilot study were verified and the problems which they practically faced while collecting the data were solved through discussion. Once after the pilot survey enumerators were trained on cluster sampling of the villages from the universe and systematic selection of households in clustered randomly selected villages.
Prof. K R John training NGO Staff & Field Enumerators Mr. Nagendra training Coordinators
25 Mr. Shankar training Field Enumerators
Pilot testing of Training Manual on Traditional Bone Setting for management of Colles Fracture
Pilot testing of the Training manual on Colles Fracture was conducted on 13 th and 14th of May 2008 at Tiruvannamalai District of Tamil Nadu. 20 Vaidyas from the District of Tiruvannamalai attended the Training Program for Traditional Bone Setters in management of Colles fracture. Program schedule and participants list are attached in Annexure FVII.
Demonstration by Dr. V. Ganapathi Demonstration by Vaidya
Discussion with Vaidyas by Dr. Shivakumar (Orthopaedic Surgeon)
26 Training programme for baseline survey, PRA and documentation of Ethnoveterinary Practices
A training programme for 66 members from 25 organizations were conducted. Participants were trained in conducting baseline survey , Participatory Rapid Appraisal for Prioritization of veterinary diseases in their locations and documentation of Ethno-Veterinary Practices. The training was conducted in 3 groups between 12th to 28 February 2008. There were class room lectures and demonstrations. The trainees were given adequate exposure to do the field work by themselves. Participants List is given in Annexure FVIII.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA
Field level training to at least 25 NGO staff, farmers
KPP organised a training to field staff of NGO’s involved in organic village programme and rural development on 3rd May, 2008. The participants were enlightened regarding organic farming, organic lifestyle, different components of organic village programme, success of implementation, challenges faced etc. The group shared their field experiences with each other. Field staff from 5 different organic villages and farmer members participated in the meeting.
C2: Critical reflection on integration of gender and social differentiation
C2.1: Gender and social analysis in CNRM CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Analysis on gender and society
A consultant Ms.Shashi Rajagopalan from Hyderabad has been identified after discussion. She would commence work in this aspect from July 2008.
C.2.2 Case study The case study would be undertaken by the consultant commencing from August 2008 after a gender workshop which is proposed to be held on 11th August 2008.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS C2.1: Gender and social analysis in CNRM
The first inception meeting with the Consultant, Ms. Shashi Rajagopalan on the above theme has been organized by Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems, Chennai on 11th August, 2008.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA
KPP is yet to initiate studies with regard to Gender and Social analysis in CNRM and also case studies on gender and culture. We have received guidelines from ICU regarding gender studies. Discussion on how to proceed with studies have taken place. However deeper insights on these issues are required so that we can come with meaningful studies.
27 CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
C3: Reflections on malaria prevention through traditional medicine FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS A regional workshop on research initiatives on traditional anti-malarial management is being planned in October, 2008.
C4: Facilitating the development of farmer innovator associations and strengthening CBOs CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Three training programmes based on SWOT analysis is planned from July 2008 onwards and the report would be available in the next semester.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS A national level community based organization of folk healers is being discussed with the state level leaders of federation of folk healers from Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamilnadu. The national level meeting of folk healers is planned in October, 2008.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA
Farmers of ‘Krishi Rishi Pariwara’ are trained on ‘Savayava adugemane’(Organic Kitchen) by Sri Venkatrama Daitota and Smt. Jayalakshmi Daitota on 18th March, 2008. The couple are from traditional nativaidya parampara. They trained how to arrange kitchen with organic groceries, local herbs, vegetables, how to prepare recepies based on ‘dinacharya’ and ‘rutucharya’, Satmya and Asatmya foods, home remedies for a few primary health problems. More than 60 farmers attended the one day training programme.
SCALING UP AND MAINSTREAMING
D1: Strengthening/creation of multi-stakeholder platforms CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS MSP in India Brainstorming meetings on organic agriculture
CIKS has observed that organic farming has not spread as a movement as it should have, although there has been growth in the sector. In this regard it planned a brainstorming workshop with participants consisting of farmers, farm scientists, NGOs, government department staff, CIKS staff and organic farming scientists. It conducted four brain storming sessions across Tamilnadu to get the impressions and ideas of cross section of representatives from related fields of agriculture. The questions posed and brainstormed in the meetings were;
Although there are advantages in organic farming many farmers do not come forward to adopt it. Why? What are the social, economic and political reasons for less adoption of organic farming? For which problem there is solution and for which there is not? 28 What are the problems in organic farming? What kind of support do small farmers need to adopt organic farming? What kind of steps do the government, NGOs, farmers and farm scientists have to take to popularize organic farming? The discussions were lively, interesting and the participants came up with useful suggestions and solutions. Details about the four meetings are as follows;
S.no. Date Place District covered 1 25th March CIKS farm, Sukkankollai Kanchipuram and Thiruvanamlai 2008 2 16th April CIKS training hall, Agani, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur and 2008 Sirkazhi taluk Thanjavur 3 26th April Dindigul Dindigul and Madurai 2008 4 24th May Puliyankudi Thirunelveli 2008
The outcome of the four meetings will be compiled and a statelevel meeting will be held in Chennai where the suggestions will be presented to top representatives of the government so as to bring in favourable action in supporting organic agriculture. The statelevel meeting will have representatives from organic farmers, NGO and others. The complete report of the four meetings is provided in Annexure CIX.
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS To scale up and mainstream the application of endogenous knowledge for prevention of malaria, FRLHT has sought support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India to finance the implementation of a proposal on “Traditional Indian plant based remedy for prevention of malaria: a community based approach”. The main objective of this proposal is to evaluate traditional plant based intervention for prevention of malaria in 2 selected malaria endemic villages each of Orissa and Chhattisgarh. This project will cover an increased number of 500 subjects in the study and control group. The methodology to be used is “waitlist control group” study, which will help both the study and control group subjects to get the benefit of intervention, unlike the earlier studies. The proposed project will also help us to extend the benefit of this intervention to a tribal district in the second state namely Chattisgarh, which is also known as a Malaria endemic state.
FRLHT has also sought financial support from Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, to implement a coordinated project on traditional Indian plant drug intervention for prevention of malaria in eighteen villages, 3 villages in each of the three districts each of Orissa and Chattisgarh. The main objectives of this proposal are to pre-clinically assess the toxicity and efficacy of selected plant based malaria preventive practices and to promote a public health intervention for prevention of malaria in selected malaria endemic tribal villages.
D2: Awareness raising activities CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
On the use of animal products in traditional agriculture
29 A publication in book form titled, “Use of Animal products in Traditional Agriculture” is under preparation and would be available in the next semester.
National level publication on exchange programs The work has to be planned.
Local leaders participate three years in a fair in India This activity would happen in the second semester.
D3: National policy advocacy activities
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS Policy Advocacy Meeting for the Stake Holders to mainstream Ethnoveterinary Practices into Veterinary Education & Research
A Policy Advocacy Meeting was jointly organized by Veterinary University & Training Centre, TANUVAS, Thanjavur and FRLHT, Bangalore at Veterinary College,Namakkal on 8th July, 2008. A brief report on the meeting is given in Annexure FIX.
National level Workshop on Mainstreaming of Endogenous Knowledge in Healthcare is being planned in October, 2008.
Exchange visit of folk healers from India is scheduled to take place in November, 2008.
D4: Development and promotion of educational curricula
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS Introductory Module On Indian Medical Heritage For Medical Students
An introductory module on Indian Medical Heritage for medical students is being developed. The script for the same has been prepared, as given in Annexure FX. The audio-visual DVD is being prepared to support the delivery of the module.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA KPP has proposed to develop curricula with the main focus on Organic agriculture which is holistic, self reliant and nature friendly. We proposed to carry out two activities:
1. Development of curricula for Gurukula system of education. This is an alternative system of education without control of the state departments. It is based on Indian tradition and accordingly the syllabi are prepared. 2. Development of curricula for regular schooling system. Here we propose to develop curricula for 5th, 6th and 7th Standards of primary education.
In both the cases initial discussion with Advisory Board of Gurukula, Administration of Gurukula and with head Masters of Two Primary Schools has taken place. A list of resource persons well
30 versed with agriculture, education systems is made. The work will be conducted in the second semester of 2008.
ENSURE EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE NETWORKS
E2: Indian Animal Products Programme
CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Fodder grass cultivation
Seven training programs were planned on fodder grass cultivation and livestock maintenance for farmers out of which three were held in this semester. The topics covered in the training were present status of fodder grass, feed requirement of a livestock, importance and varieties of fodder grass, organic cultivation of fodder grass (sesbania, subabul, glyricidia, fodder sorghum, cumbu napier, velimasal), diseases of livestock and the herbal disease control measures. Centralized nursery has been established in two acres. Beneficiary list has been prepared in two districts viz., Kanchipuram and Thiruvanamalai. After the onset of rain, planting material would be supplied to more farmers and the detailed report of the progress would be provided in the next semester. Annexure CXVIII contains the details of beneficiaries of the program.
Experiments with animal products
a. Conducting seed germination related lab experiments using cows’ milk in brinjal and chilli
During the last phase we have tried number of experiments related to seed germination in Bhendi. Experiments were conducted using various animal products such as cow’s milk, cow’s urine and panchagavyam. After the discussion in the academic review meeting held on 6th February 2007, we found that there is a need to improve the seed germination of vegetable crops such as Brinjal and Chilli. Hence experiments were planned on germination in above said crops during this phase. As per the protocol evolved for testing the animal products, we have selected cow’s milk (single product) for our experimental purpose. The experiment is on-going and the parameters are recorded and analyzed. The experiment design is provided in Annexure CXIX.
b. Conducting field experiments using cows urine for management of diseases in Paddy
An experiment was conducted during kuruvai agricultural of 2007 to increase the yield parameters of paddy through foliar spray of cow’s urine. Experiment result showed that there is no significant difference among the treatments. To have a confirmatory result, we have planned to conduct an experiment with fermented cow’s urine during kuruvai season of 2008. Adt 43 has been transplanted in 21 plots and pretreatment count about plant height & number of tillers was recorded on 18th day after transplanting. Fermented cow’s urine spray was done at different concentration ranging from 2.5% to 20% in the experimental plots. The experiment is in progress and the design of experiment is enclosed in Annexure CXX.
31 c. Brine Shrimp Bio Assay
An experiment to test the efficacy of cows’ urine (based on microbial count) by using brine shrimp bio assay as a quality control tool was taken up in collaboration with FRLHT lab. Organoleptic parameters, biological parameters and chemical parameters were analyzed. The microbial analysis of CIKS and KPP samples showed that the, cow’s urine sample from the local breed provided by KPP, possessed significantly low Total Microbial Count (102 cfu/ml) and TFC was nil, compared to the CIKS cow’s urine sample with TMC (105 cfu/ml) and TFC (103 cfu/ml). Effect of pasteurisation on microbial load in cow’s urine sample was studied; this was done with the aim to reduce Total Microbial Count in the cow’s urine sample before field application. The microbial count in the first set of pasteurized samples of cow’s urine sample sent by CIKS was found to be in the range >7x 103 cfu/ml and for the unpasteurized sample it was found to be >4x 104 cfu/ml. i.e. the pasteurisation did not appear to have been effective. In the second set of cow’s urine sample sent by CIKS, the microbial count in the pasteurized sample was found to be 5x104 cfu/ml and for the unpasteurized sample it was found to be >6x 104 cfu/ml.
The BSBA carried out for the pasteurized and unpasteurized samples showed that the ED50 value of the of pasteurized cow’s urine sample sent by CIKS was in the range 1300-1500µl /10ml, and for the unpasteurised sample it was 1200-1500µl /10ml. showing there is no significant variation in the ED50 value of pasteurized and unpasteurized sample. The kshaaram sample provided by CIKS did not show any bioactivity towards shrimps even when higher concentration of samples were used up to 10%. The complete report of the experiment is provided in Annexure CXXI.
Standardization of fumigation apparatus employed for experiments
The work on this front is on-going and the status has been explained in B.2.2
d. Experiments with organic tomato and brinjal involving animal products
Farmers’ associated with CIKS had expressed the constraint that generally germination was poor in Brinjal seeds (around 50%). They wanted an organic solution to this. Hence an experiment has been undertaken using cows’ milk to check if it enhances germination. Germination test include roll towel method and top-of sand method. Normal and abnormal growth of seeds, root length, days for germination and some more parameters are observed. The design of the experiment is provided in Annexure CXXII. With regard to tomato, the work reported in section B.2.1 corresponds to this activity also.
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA Experiment relating to the effect of cow urine on paddy
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of cow urine on the yield of paddy. Variety used was KMP which is a modern variety. Three treatments were used and the results showed that there was no significant difference in yield. The design and results of the experiment is enclosed in Annexure KVII.
Systematisation of documentation regarding fodder crops used by Marathi and Gowli tribals
KPP has documented fodder crops used by Marathi and Gowli tribals of Yellapura taluk. More than 50 fodder trees, shrubs, herbs are documented in the last phase. KPP intended to systematize the
32 documentation by reviewing it through literature and discussions with fodder scientists. However the activity could not be carried out in the semester since we are unable to match the time with the botanist Sri Kumaraswamy Udupa from JCBM College, Sringeri. However we have finalised to carry out in July and August of 2008. We could also document some more plants in the area by interviewing with some more ethno veterinary practitioners in Yellapura taluks.
E4: National coordination CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS The work has been coordinated by Mr.A.V.Balasubramanian. Issues influencing implementation
Internal factors influencing the implementation KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA We could not carry out a few activities in the reporting period. This is basically with time management aspect of KPP which will be taken care in future.
Requests for changes relative to planned situation KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA The activities which are incomplete in the reporting period will be carried in the second semester of 2008 and corresponding budget will be spent on that activities
Plans for the next reporting period
FOUNDATION FOR REVITALISATION OF LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS PHC Model
Following activities have been planned in second half of 2008, in accordance with our annual plan:
Training of Community based organisation representatives on establishment and management of nurseries Increasing the capacity of medicinal plant nursery (through decentralised nurseries, subject to economic viability) Design and development of training materials on establishment and management of home herbal gardens and preparation, use of home remedies for selected conditions Establishment of model home herbal gardens by Grama Arogya Mithras (Village Health Volunteers) in their home premises Training of Grama Arogya Mithras on establishment and management of home herbal gardens Training of household women on establishment and management of home herbal gardens Establishment of home herbal gardens at Community based organisations members house premise Training of Grama Arogya Mithras on preparation and use of home remedies for treating conditions like Fever, Cough, Anaemia, Diarrhoea and Women specific conditions
33 Training of household women on preparation and use of home remedies for treating conditions like Fever, Cough, Anaemia, Diarrhoea and Women specific conditions.
Prevention of Malaria through Traditional Anti-Malarials For the coming six months of 2008, following activities have planned: 1. Documentation of traditional knowledge on management of malaria and related to fevers from different districts for Orissa and Chhattisgarh 2. Desk research of the traditional practices documented for management of malaria from Orissa and Chattisgarh 3. Assessment of documented practices through a participatory rapid assessment workshop Traditional Bone Setting
During the next six months of 2008, following activities are planned:
1. Documentation of Traditional Bone Setters in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh 2. Pilot testing of Training Manual for Traditional Bone Setters 3. Initiation of Comprehensive documentation of management of Colles fracture with help of x- rays before and after training 4. Comparative Analysis of Cost Effectiveness of management of Colles fracture 5. Baseline survey of Orthopaedic doctors in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh 6. Promotion and mainstreaming of Ethno-Veterinary Practices
KRISHI PRAYOG PARIWARA According to the plan 2008 and incomplete activities of 2007 we will be carrying out the following activities: Promotion of good practices of NRM On farm experiments with regard to Paddy and areca yellow leaf disease Conservation and development of traditional paddy varieties Supporting farmers organisation to follow FLO standards and guidelines Support the farmer groups for Organic certification Study of ten Traditional varieties of Jack Documentation of experiences of farmers in two villages Publication of Pariwara Patra Rural people vision of income generation Two - Visits of farmer groups and field staff to traditional agricultural farms Study group meetings – Three Studies with regard to Gender and Social analysis in CNRM Case studies on gender and culture Training to farmers associations in identified areas. Systematisation of documentation regarding fodder crops used by Marathi and Gowli tribals .
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