Unit 2 Properties of the Hair and Scalp Question Sheet

Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.

ANSWER KEY Unit 2 PROPERTIES OF THE HAIR AND SCALP/SCALP TREATMENTS

Text Pages 47 – 80 (skip pages 60 – 73)

Point to Ponder “Things may come to those who wait, but only the things that are left by those who hustle.” - Abraham Lincon

Hair 1. The study of hair is called ______(Trichology)______. 2. The two main purposes of the hair are: a. ______adornment – look good____ b. ______protection______- 3. Hair is an appendage of the ______skin and scalp___. 4. There are three types of hair on the body: a. ______long hair____ b. ______short/bristly hair___ c. ______vellus______5. Hair is distributed all over they body, except for what four areas: a. _____palms of the hands___ b. ___soles of the feet___ c. ___lips______d. ___eyelids______6. Hair on the face is called ____barba_____. Hair on the head is called _____capilli_____. Hair of the eyelashes is called _____cilia_____. Hair of the eyebrows is called ____supercilia____. 7. The name of the protein that hair is made of is ____keratin___. 8. Hair is divided into two principle parts: the ______root__ and the _____shaft___. 9. The small involuntary muscle attached to the hair follicle is called an ______arrector pili muscle______. Fear of cold causes this muscle to contract, causing the hair to stand up. 10. Within the hair papilla is a rich blood and nerve supply that contributes to the ______growth____ and ______regeneration____ of the hair. Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.

11. Identify the parts of the skin and the hair illustrated below.

12. Matching: Match the terms on the left with their correct descriptions on the right. e____ _ 1. follicle a. club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the root. c___ _ 2. arrector pilli b. natural flow of hair f____ _ 3. sebum c. an involuntary muscle attached to the underside of the hair follicle. d_____ 4. hair root d. hair structure located beneath the skin surface, enclosed within the hair follicle. a_____ 5. bulb e. tubelike depression that encases the hair root. h_____ 6. hair shaft f. oil that gives luster and pliability. b_____ 7. hair stream g. small cone-shaped elevation located at the bottom of the hair follicle. g_____ 8. papilla h. hair structure extending above the skin surface. i_____ 9. sebaceous gland i. Oil gland consisting of sac-like structures in the dermis. Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”. Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.

13. Name the three layers of the hair shaft. a. ___cuticle______b. ___cortex_____ c. __medulla______14. The outside layer of the hair shaft is the ____cuticle___ and is composed of ____transparent___, ___overlapping___, ___protective___, and ____scalelike___cells that point away from the scalp toward the hair ends. 15. The middle layer of the hair shaft is the ___cortex______, which gives hair its strength and ___elasticity___. This layer contains the ____pigment___ that gives the hair its color. 16. The innermost layer of hair shaft is the ____medulla____. This layer may be absent in very fine hair. 17. The hair’s coloring matter, called ______melanin__, is found in the hair’s ___cortex___ layer. 18. A person born with no coloring matter in the hair shaft, skin, or irises is known as an ___albino___. 19. Gray hair is caused by the absence of pigment in the ____cortex___ layer. 20. If the papilla is destroyed, the hair will continue to grow. True or False? ____false___. 21. How often are eyebrows and eyelashes replaced? ______every 4 – 5 months___. 22. On average, hair grows _____1/2 inch___ per month. 23. Hair grows for a period of ___ 2-6 ____ years. 24. Average daily shedding is between ___40___ and ___100___ hairs. 25. Hair stream is ____hair flowing in the same direction___ as a result of follicles sloping in the same direction. 26. Hair that forms a circular pattern is called a ___whorl___, and a tuft of hair standig up in known as a ___cowlick___. 27. Straight hair is usually __round___ in shape. Wavy hair is usually ____oval___ in shape. Curly, kinky hair is almost ___flat____ in shape. 28. List four senses you use in determining hair condition. a. ____sight_____ b. _____touch_____ c. ____hearing____ d. _____smell_____ 29. Define hair texture. ______the degree of coarseness of fineness of the hair_____. Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.

30. What layer of the hair is missing in fine hair? __the medulla____ 31. Define hair porosity. ______the ability of all types of hair to absorb moisture______. 32. Define elasticity. ______the ability of hair to stretch and return to its original form without breaking______. 33. Wet hair can be stretched ___40___% to ___50____% of its length. 34. The 2 types of dandruff are: ______pityriasis capitis simplex – dry type____ and ____Pityriasis steatoides – greasy or waxy type____. 35. The technical term for any abnormal hair loss is called ____alopecia____. 36. A vegetable parasitic infection is tinea. What is tinea? ______the medical term for ringworm____. 37. Two animal parasitic infections are ___scabies (caused by an itch mite)__ and __pediculosis capitis (headlice)____. 38. A type of staphylococci infection is a boil. Another name for a boil is a ___furuncle___. 39. A ____carbuncle___ is a staphylococci infection that is larger than a furuncle. Disorders of the hair 40. Matching: Match the terms on the left with their correct descriptions on the right. D_____ 1. canities a. alternate bands of gray and dark hair. C_____ 2. congenital canities b. split hair ends H_____ 3. acquired canities c. gray hair at birth A_____ 4. ringed hair d. gray hair G_____ 5. hypertrichosis e. knotted hair B_____ 6. trichoptilosis f. brittle hair E_____ 7. trichorrhexis nodosa g. superfluous hair I_____ 8. monilethrix h. gray hair due to old age F_____ 9. fragilitas crinium i. beaded hair Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”. pH scale – text pages 94 and 622 41. The letters pH stand for _____potential hydrogen____. 42. What is the range of pH scale? ___0 – 14____ 43. The amount of __hydrogen____ in a solution determines whether it is more alkaline or more ____acid___. 44. The higher the pH, the stronger and ___harsher___ the shampoo, which can leave the hair dry and ___brittle___. 45. What does a pH value if 7 mean? _____ the product is neutral_____ 46. Anything greater than 7 on the pH scale is considered ___alkaline_____. 47. Anything less than 7 on the pH scale is considered an ____acid_____. 48. What is the pH of hair? ______4.5 – 5.5______49. The farther down each side of the pH scale the more ____damage___ that may occur to the hair___shaft_____ 50. ____Alkaline____ products soften and swell (open) the cuticle layer of the hair shaft. 51. ____Acid based____ products close the cuticle layer of the hair shaft. Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.

Theory of Massage – pages 466 - 473 52. Identification Match: Using the letters E, P, F, T, and V (as defied below), match the correct characteristics listed below with one of the massage manipulations. Key E = effleurage P = petrissage F = friction T = tapotement or percussion V = vibration

Characteristics E_____ 1. a light, continuous stroking movement P_____ 2. squeeze, roll, or pinch T_____ 3. the most stimulating massage movement E_____ 4. no pressure is used F_____ 5. chucking, rolling, and wringing are variations V_____ 6. accomplished by rapid muscular contractions in your arms P_____ 7. a kneading movement V_____ 8. limit to a few seconds on any one spot E_____ 9. has soothing and relaxing effects V_____ 10. a shaking movement F_____ 11. influences circulation and glandular activity of the skin P_____ 12. invigorating movement for deep stimulation T_____ 13. tapping, slapping, and hacking movements

53. Name the three health considerations that prevent your giving a massage. a. ___high blood pressure___ b. ______heart condition___ c. ___stroke______54. Why is massage harmful to clients with the health conditions named above? ______it increases circulation______. Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.

55. List the seven benefits of massage. a. ___the skin and all its structures are nourished______b. ___the skin is rendered soft and pliable______c. ___the circulation of the blood is increased______d. ___the activity of the skin glands is stimulated_____ e. ___the muscle fiber is stimulated and strengthened____ f. ___the nerves are soothed and rested______g. ___pain is sometimes relieved______