Macromolecule Review

Name: ______Date: ______Period: ______Macromolecule Review

1. Draw the functional groups for alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines.

2. Most carbohydrates eaten by humans are in which two forms?

3. What is the function of starch?

4. A starch molecule is a chain of what simple sugar units?

5. What is the function of glycogen?

6. What process splits polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

7. The formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides is a reaction called a ______reaction.

8. Which common polysaccharide cannot be used by humans as an energy source? Explain.

9. The molecule formed when several sugar units are joined is called a

a) polypeptide (b) disaccharide (c) dipeptide (d) polysaccharide Name: ______Date: ______Period: ______10. Which one of the following molecules is a disaccharide

a) cellulose (b) glycogen (c) maltose (d) amylase

11. The food that we consider roughage contains large amounts of ______, a polysaccharide.

12. Why is fiber considered to be an important part of a healthy diet?

13. Name the building blocks of triglycerides.

14. How does the structure of an unsaturated fatty acid differ from the structure of a saturated fatty acid? Give an example of a food that contains each.

15. Explain why some fatty acids are solid at room temperature while others are liquid.

16. Which type of organisms tend to make saturated fatty acids?

17. When you consume more food than you need for energy, the excess is stored in the form of triglycerides. Why are triglycerides particularly useful for this purpose?

18. What property do all lipids share? Name: ______Date: ______Period: ______19. Saturated is to single bond as ______is to double bond.

20. Why is a protein called a polypeptide?

21. Explain the difference between a dipeptide, polypeptide, and a protein.

22. Draw the general formula for an amino acid.

23. A peptide bond is always formed between the ______group of one ______and the ______group of the next.

24. Using a structural formula diagram, show how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids.

25. Discuss one type of interaction that can occur between the R groups of an amino acid sequence.

26. What makes one amino acid differ from another?

27. How does having different R groups make amino acids ideal building blocks for proteins? Name: ______Date: ______Period: ______28. Why are some amino acids soluble in water while others are not?

29. Name three functions of proteins in a living organism.

30. Which of these things is not like the others?

a) fiber (b) sugar (c) starch (d) cellulose (e) fat

31. Which elements are found in proteins but not in either carbohydrates or lipids.

32. Identify the basic building units for the organic compounds: a) Protein = ______(b) Triglyceride =______(c) Carbohydrate= ______(d) Nucleic acids = ______

33. Proteins are to amino acids as polysaccharides are to .

34. What are the three component building blocks of nucleic acids?

35. How many nitrogen bases are there? Name them all.