Study Guide for Mid Summative Exam 4

Name: ______Date: ______

Study Guide for Mid Summative Exam 4 & 5 (Formation of Sedimentary Rocks)

Sediments- ______

Weathering - ______Erosion- ______Deposition- ______Matrix- ______Basins- ______Compaction- ______Principle of Original Horizontality- ______Uniformitarianism- ______Principle of Superposition ______

Concepts 1. Sandstone and shale are sedimentary rocks. Sandstone is made of ______and a ______and shale is made of ______(think about the stream table, what is left at the end?) 2. Sediments form through the processes of chemical and physical ______. 3. ______is the wearing away of soil and rock by weathering, mass movement, and action of streams, glaciers, waves and wind. 4. Eroded sediments can be ______by water, wind or ice and deposited in new locations. 5. Sediments that settle in water form a flat, ______layer; each layer of sediment is distinct. 6. Sediments turn into rock through the process of ______, which involves cementation and compaction. 7. The present is the key to the______; geological processes that we observe today most likely ______in the same way throughout Earth’s history. 8. How is sandstone formed? Explain the process. ______

9. In what environment(s) does sandstone form? How do you know? ______

10. How is shale formed? Explain the process. ______11. In what environment(s) does shale form? How do you know? ______

12. Why are fern plant fossils commonly found in shale? ______

13. Sedimentary Rock Characteristics:

Rock Texture Color Acid Test Other Observations

Sandstone

Limestone 14. Sedimentary Rock Formation Environments:

Rock Environment Evidence

Sandstone

Limestone

15. Explain the Principle of Superposition and how it relates to rock layers. ______

16. Why does limestone fizz when hydrochloric acid is placed on it? a. What mineral is present that reacts with the HCl acid? ______b. Explain the chemical reaction that occurs to casue the fizzing ______

17. Describe the two ways that limestone can form in an ocean environment. a. ______b. ______

18. What is a fossil? In what type of rock are fossils usually found? ______

*** Review ALL notes and readings posted. Also review Stream Table Observation sheet