Which of the Following Statement Is Misperception About Conflict?

PAPER # 1 Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following statement is misperception about conflict? ► Conflict levels are segregated into multiple situations ► Delaying the conflicts may leads to destructive behavior ► Conflicts are only created to gain benefits ► Conflict not always leads to an anger Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following does not restrict innovations? ► Proficiency lack ► efficient outcomes ► Limited resources ► ongoing systems (Page 18) Pressures against Innovation Here are some pressures against Innovation. a. We lack proficiency in using new ways and tools. b. Poor and inefficient outcomes result. c. Poor and inefficient outcomes likely to be attributed to the innovative ideas or means.

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Application of ADR is promoted in which of the following type of culture? ► Collectivist ► Communist ► Monopolistic ► Individualistic (Page 20) ADR ADR can be thought of as a radically innovative set of ways and means and a radically different method for the resolution of conflict imposed on a culture featuring an adversarial and individualistic approach to dispute resolution. Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Customer remained dissatisfied with the shopkeeper’s demonstration about the product, it leads to which of the following? ► Dispute ► Collision ► Distortion ► Confusion

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following is NOT an important tip for a driver to survive in a Fender- Bender? ► Exchange information ► Keep cal ► Call the police ► Start a row (Page 03) Here are some important tips that every driver must be familiar with. 1. Keep calm 2. Call the police 3. Exchange information 4. Consider your deductible 5. Contact your insurance company 6. Get an estimate and repairs Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one All of the following are dimensions of issue perspective of conflict EXCEPT: ► Joint Vs Individual ► Process Vs Outcome ► Tangible Vs Intangible ► Narrow Vs Broad focus (Page 23) c. Issues perspective . Process versus outcome . Narrow versus broad focus . Monetary or economic versus non monetary, tangible or intangible . Prospective versus retrospective

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A conflict which is purely internal and does not involve any other person, is: ► Interpersonal conflict ► Intrapersonal conflict ► Interpretive conflict ► Not a conflict (Page36) Conflict: interpersonal or intrapersonal Understand the nature of conflict: is it interpersonal or intrapersonal? Example: Divergent views of a father and son. The son wants to pursue a career based on his understanding about his own limitations while the father wants a hi fi career for his son. Both want the good career for the boy; there is no inter-personal conflict. It is actually an intrapersonal conflict. The conflict is within the person of the boy. He misinterprets the feelings of his father and thought about the existence of conflict between him and his father. Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is an internal urge to give good performance and which forces for creativity & innovation? ► Reinforcement ► Determination ► Confidence 3

► Motivation

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one While identifying interpersonal conflicts, it is necessary to indicate: ► The interests of all involved parties ► The disputants of a particular conflict ► The divergent goals of all disputants ► All of the given options

(Page 33) Identifying Interpersonal Conflict • Analyze the situation carefully to ensure it really is “interpersonal” and not an “inner conflict.” • Identify the disputants, and the divergent goals and interests that create the interpersonal conflict. • Now, start diagramming or mapping the conflict.

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Many conflicting situations may have more than one: ► Activity conflict ► Interpersonal conflict ► Intrapersonal conflict ► Agency conflict

(Page 36) When focusing on a dispute, it is useful to identify other conflicts involved in the dispute. Usually several interpersonal conflicts are involved but they are hidden.

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Why it is important to focus on resources in order to diagnose a conflict? ► Helpful in finding other sources of conflict ► Identify underlying reasons of conflict ► Identify best available option ► All of the given options

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The conflict which arises over personal beliefs and deeply held morals & ethics is termed as: ► Differences in orientation ► Conflict over facts ► Conflicts over deeply held values ► Threats to self-concept and world view (Page 41) Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following truly explains the situation in which the disputants are not focusing the real facts and figures of conflict? ► Dislodged conflict ► Misplaced conflict 4

► misaligned conflict ► Misattributed conflict

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Conflict can be taken as a challenge and could be transformed into a/an: ► Threat ► System ► Opportunity ► Weakness

(Page 50) Conflict can be taken as a challenge and could be transformed into an opportunity Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one You are a negotiator of party ‘A’ and negotiator of party ‘B’ is exchanging the ideas about his party's principles, values and preferences. You are analyzing the:

► Constituents & stake holder’s interests ► Other disputant’s interests ► Disputant’s interests ► Own interests Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one All of the following are advantages of understanding the other disputant's interests, EXCEPT:

► Disputant is restricted with his own ideas ► Craft proposals that are acceptable to others ► Avoidance of positional bargaining ► Limit later sabotage that may arouse (Page 51) The other disputant Enables the negotiator to craft appealing proposals Avoids errors of judgment about how to resolve the conflict Sabotage by a disputant whose deep-seated interests are not addressed by the resolution of the conflict Avoids the pitfalls of positional bargaining Enables the negotiator to (if necessary) tailor coercive measures to the disputants interests

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to Abraham Maslow, the most basic needs are: ► Safety needs ► Security needs ► Physiological needs ► Psychological needs Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The stances of disputants in an interpersonal conflict are known as: ► Position 5

► Interests ► Bargaining ► Negotiation

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to the Deutsch's theory which of the following is that cooperation begets? ► Exacerbation ► Competition ► Cooperation ► Escalation (Page 63) Cooperation begets cooperation and competition begets competition. Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Who said, “If thou are a master, be some time blind; if a servant, sometimes deaf”? ► Robert Gaits ► Robert Frost ► Thomas Fuller ► Thomas Millar (Page62) If thou are a master, be some time blind; if a servant, sometimes deaf. Thomas Fuller

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following negotiation style causes loss of both opportunities and benefits? ► Accommodating style ► Compromising style ► Dominating style ► Avoiding style

(Page 83) 1. The avoiding style, which represents a low level of concern for both self and other;

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is relevant to the misperception about conflict management? ► Increases the possibility to impair a positive resolution ► Reduces the alternative ways to handle conflict ► It always leads to become more vicious ► All of the given options

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is a clear picture of Individualistic culture? ► It provides more opportunities to promote an individual ► Its preferences and structures tend to be invisible to inhabitants ► It provides more opportunities to handle a conflict in a better way ► All of the given options

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A social conflict as compared to the corporate conflicts can be considered as: ► Low risky 6

► More risky ► Risk free ► None of the given options

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Conflict is largely considered as: ► Global phenomenon ► Perceived phenomenon ► Destructive phenomenon ► Constructive phenomenon (Page 01) Conflict is largely a perceived phenomenon.

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Theory of Social Ecology includes which of the following important institutions for operation of all human beings?

► Mass media ► Court systems ► School Organizations ► All of the given institutions

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following outcomes of a conflict are being observed in the specific context of Pakistan?

► Opportunity for change ► Win-win situation ► Competition ► Positive Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is the purpose of adoption of ADR by “Efficiency Wing”?

► Divert cases to litigation ► Save time & money ► Elapse conflict for long time ► Create win-win situation

(Page 26) “Efficiency wing” adopts ADR to save time and money, divert cases out of litigation

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one After receiving social stimuli, people assign meaning to what they have experienced, which is known as: ► Interpretation ► Perception ► Reception 7

► Stimulus

(Page 29) Disputant interprets what he or she has seen/heard/sensed

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following type of justice refers to the fairness of the process?

► Distributive

► Competitive ► Procedural

► Substantive

(Page 54) Procedural justice refers to the fairness of the process used to reach a given outcome.

PAPER 2 Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) – Please choose one A conflict which is purely internal and does not involve any other person, is: ► Interpersonal conflict ► Intrapersonal conflict ► Interpretive conflict ► Not a conflict Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) – Please choose one Which of the following is an internal urge to give good performance and which forces for creativity & innovation? ► Reinforcement ► Determination ► Confidence ► Motivation Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one While identifying interpersonal conflicts, it is necessary to indicate: ► The interests of all involved parties ► The disputants of a particular conflict ► The divergent goals of all disputants ► All of the given options Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Many conflicting situations may have more than one: ► Activity conflict ► Interpersonal conflict ► Intrapersonal conflict ► Agency conflict 8

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Why it is important to focus on resources in order to diagnose a conflict? ► Helpful in finding other sources of conflict ► Identify underlying reasons of conflict ► Identify best available option ► All of the given options Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The conflict which arises over personal beliefs and deeply held morals & ethics is termed as: ► Differences in orientation ► Conflict over facts ► Conflicts over deeply held values ► Threats to self-concept and world view Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following truly explains the situation in which the disputants are not focusing the real facts and figures of conflict? ► Dislodged conflict ► Misplaced conflict ► misaligned conflict ► Misattributed conflict Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Conflict can be taken as a challenge and could be transformed into a/an: ► Threat ► System ► Opportunity ► Weakness Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one You are a negotiator of party „A‟ and negotiator of party „B‟ is exchanging the ideas about his party's principles, values and preferences. You are analyzing the: ► Constituents & stake holder‟s interests ► Other disputant‟s interests ► Disputant‟s interests ► Own interests Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one All of the following are advantages of understanding the other disputant's interests, EXCEPT: ► Disputant is restricted with his own ideas ► Craft proposals that are acceptable to others ► Avoidance of positional bargaining ► Limit later sabotage that may arouse Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to Abraham Maslow, the most basic needs are: ► Safety needs ► Security needs ► Physiological needs ► Psychological needs 9

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The stances of disputants in an interpersonal conflict are known as: ► Position ► Interests ► Bargaining ► Negotiation Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to the Deutsch's theory which of the following is that cooperation begets? ► Exacerbation ► Competition ► Cooperation ► Escalation Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Who said, “If thou are a master, be some time blind; if a servant, sometimes deaf”? ► Robert Gaits ► Robert Frost ► Thomas Fuller PAGE 62 ► Thomas Millar

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following negotiation style causes loss of both opportunities and benefits? ► Accommodating style ► Compromising style ► Dominating style ► Avoiding style PAAGE 83 Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is a clear picture of Individualistic culture? ► It provides more opportunities to promote an individual ► Its preferences and structures tend to be invisible to inhabitants ► It provides more opportunities to handle a conflict in a better way ► All of the given options Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Conflict is largely considered as: ► Global phenomenon ► Perceived phenomenon ► Destructive phenomenon ► Constructive phenomenon Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Theory of Social Ecology includes which of the following important institutions for operation of all human beings? ► Mass media ► Court systems PAGE 19 ► School Organizations ► All of the given institutions Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following outcomes of a conflict are being observed in the specific context of Pakistan? ► Opportunity for change ► Win-win situation 10

► Competition ► Positive Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is the purpose of adoption of ADR by “EfficiencyWing”? ► Divert cases to litigation ► Save time & money PAGE 26 ► Elapse conflict for long time ► Create win-win situation Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one After receiving social stimuli, people assign meaning to what they have experienced, which is known as: ► Interpretation PAGE 29 ► Perception ► Reception ► Stimulus Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following type of justice refers to the fairness of the process? ► Distributive ► Competitive ► Procedural PAGE 54 ► Substantive PAPER 3 HRM624- Conflict Management Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one “We have met the enemy and it is us”, this statement is quoted by: Ben Okri Walt Kelly Mao Zedong Stuart Hampshire Page 01)We have met the enemy and it is us. Walt Kelly

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Conflict can be productive just because: Both parties can understand other’s situational requirement Both parties can observe each other more closely Both parties can understand other’s view point All of the given options

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Virtually ALL conflicts: Combine promotive and contrient interdependence Are due to promotive interdependence only Are due to contrient interdependence only None of the given options

) Virtually all conflicts combine promotive and contrient interdependence 11

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following has always a positive effect on negotiation? Creative thinking Inflexible attitude Intense emotions Rigidity of thoughts page 05) Positive affect in Negotiation Even before the negotiation process starts, people in a positive mood have more confidence, and higher tendencies to plan to use a cooperative strategy. During the negotiation, negotiators who are in a positive mood tend to enjoy the interaction more, show less contentious behaviour, use less aggressive tactics and and more cooperative strategies.

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The MOST important & initial concern to resolve an interpersonal conflict is: Involvement of a neutral party The will to resolve conflict To control negative emotions Understand other party’s emotions

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A negotiation method, in which disputants communicate through their agents, is termed as: Unassisted negotiation Negotiation with advocates Simple Negotiation Nonbinding evaluation

) An advocate is a kind of agent. The one who speaks on behalf of another, especially in a legal context is called an agent

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following method of negotiation involves only one neutral party to resolve a conflict among disputants? Mediation Simple negotiation Unassisted negotiation Negotiation with advocates

) Mediation- neutral third party assists the disputants in settling the dispute. Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A dramatic struggle between the antagonist and the protagonist is termed as: Conflict Chaos 12

Accord Disorder Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Our cultural perspective leads us to view conflict as all of the following, EXCEPT: War Destruction Emotionally painful Way to spur reform Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following can be taken into account while generating different options for conflict resolution? Broadened vision of disputants Any alternative that provides mutual benefit Parameters defined by disputants All of the given options Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The final step in which disputants put the options into practice which results in creating a new: Action Option Stimulus None of the given options

Seven Steps of Conflict Diagnosis 1. Social stimulus 2. Disputant receives stimulus 3. Stimulus interpretation 4. Option generation 5. Weighing options 6. Disputant chooses an option 7. Disputant acts; new stimulus created

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A conflict which is purely internal and does not involve any other person, is: Interpersonal conflict Intrapersonal conflict Interpretive conflict Not a conflict

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Sociogram is considered as an important activity in managing conflict, because: 13

It is difficult to remember a mental picture of conflict It helps us to better understand the conflict 33 It clearly highlights all the factors of conflict All of the given options

) Developing a conflict map or sociogram will help understand the nature of conflict. Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Stating a description of conflict and putting it aside for a while, serves the purpose of: Prolong the interpersonal conflict Clarify the divergent goals more accurately Eliminate the minute details of the conflict Minimize the number of undefined goals Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Conflict over the ownership or control of something valuable is known as: Preferences conflict Communication conflict Data-type conflict Resource conflict 38

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The bottom line that disputant is willing to accept is represented by which of the following term in a conflict onion? Position Aspiration 55 Underlying interest Principles and values

) Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Who are engaged in positional bargaining; tends to focus their attention only on the issue represented by the position? Agents Friends Principals Disputants 48

) Positional bargaining A process of negotiation that involves each disputant taking successively more moderate positions in hopes that eventually a compromise will result is described as positional bargaining.

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one “There are two educations, one should teach us how to make a living and the other how to live”, is quoted by: 14

John Adams 59 John Howard Andrew Simian Andrew Bernstein

) "There are two educations, one should teach us how to make a living and the other how to live" John Adams Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Who said, “If thou are a master, be some time blind; if a servant, sometimes deaf”? Robert Gaits Robert Frost Thomas Fuller 62 Thomas Millar Page 62) If thou are a master, be some time blind; if a servant, sometimes deaf. Thomas Fuller (Turning competition into cooperation)

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Two departments of organization are having conflict over the distribution of resources and they are unable to work together. This is an example of which type of conflict? Constructive Destructive 59 Productive Supportive Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is the feature of competitive pattern of a conflict in organizations? It results in missed opportunities It increases productivity It results in fewer turnovers It has less destructive political behavior Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one In which type of conflict the disputants pool efforts to gather information? Cooperative Destructive Competitive Constructive Page 62) Features of Cooperation while being in conflict Disputants pool efforts to gather information (efficient in time, money). Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one There is a contest among all employees of organization about valuable suggestions for improving policies for employees. Which type of conflict it may be? Only destructive Only constructive Cooperative but destructive 15

Competitive but constructive Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following can be defined as a state of mind in which a person believes that another person intends to be helpful and, accordingly, that it is appropriate to take risks in the relationship? Trust 67 Mistrust Cooperation Competition Page 67) What is Trust? Trust can be defined as a state of mind in which a person believes that another person intends to be helpful and, accordingly, that it is appropriate to take risks in the relationship.

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one “Believe in yourself, but do not always refuse to believe in others”, is quoted by: Boris Alyson Lewis Carroll Joaquim Maria 71 Samuel Godwyn

) Believe in yourself, but do not always refuse to believe in others. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839 - 1908) Brazilian novelist and short-story writer

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Disputes about the way a conflict is being handled are normally: Mistrust Vengeance Meta disputes 60 Jackpot syndrome

) Meta Disputes Meta-disputes are disputes about the way a conflict is being handled.

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one In an interpersonal conflict where a disputant feels s/he has insufficient power in the relationship, this is called as: Disempowered disputant Excluded stakeholders Jackpot syndrome Loss aversion Page 78)

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following style demonstrates a low level of concern for a person himself and a high level of concern for others? 16

Compromising Integrating Obliging 83 Avoiding

) Dual Concern Model 1. The avoiding style, which represents a low level of concern for both self and other; 2. The dominating (or competing) style, which represents a high level of concern for self and a low level of concern for other 3. The obliging (or accommodating) style, which represents a low level of concern for self and a high level of concern for other 4. The integrating (or collaborating or problem-solving) style, which represents a high level of concern for both self and other 5. The compromising style, which represents a moderate level of concern for self and other Pareto-efficiency: The quality of a settlement agreement or another social arrangement to maximize overall value to the participants by allocating specific resources to those who value them most.

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Among the all negotiating styles, the style that is most protective for self-interests while promoting a cooperative response for other disputant is: Obliging Avoiding Integrating Compromising 83

) 5. The compromising style, which represents a moderate level of concern for self and other

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following term represents the disputants’ declared demands in the conflict onion? Underlying interests Principles & values Disputant's aspirations Disputant's positions 55

) Positions A stated demand of a conflict participant; no stated demand means no position. PAPER # 4 17

1. High levels of trust between disputants makes: a. Negotiation more efficient b. Disputants less responsive c. Decrease disputant’s willingness to try to find additional ways to trust each other d. A competitive conflict cycle more likely

2. Which type of trust is founde d on control? a. Calculus-based trust b. Knowledge-based trust c. Identification-based trust d. Productive based trust suggestions for improving policies for employees. What type of conflict it may be? a. Constructive b. Destructive c. Competitive but constructive d. Cooperative but destructive 4. All of the following are advantages of understanding the other disputant's interests except: a. It helps user visualize and recognize alternate ways to meet goals b. It creates greater inflexibility in coming to settlement c. It ensures user doesn’t miss an optimal resolution d. It enables user to evaluate whether some interests could be met outside the conflict

5. Focusing only on resource aspects of a conflict leads to a. Zero-sum thinking b. A competitive approach to resolution c. A cooperative approach to resolution d. Zero-sum thinking and a competitive approach to resolution

6.Where the disputants aren't fighting about what's really bothering them, the conflict is: a. Misplaced b. Misattributed c. Misaligned d. Displaced

7. The meaning of language or behavior may be misunderstood, causing a _____ conflict. a. Preferences and nuisances b. Data-type c. Resource d. Communication 18

8. In the final step, Step Seven, disputants put the option into practice, which in turn creates a new: a. Stimulus b. Action c. Option d. None of the above is correct

9. The conflict gamer reacts to conflict by: a. Avoiding it b. Feeling traumatized by it c. Not preparing for it d. Postponing negotiation 10. The form of negotiation in which the negotiation is facilitated by a neutral third party is: a. Mediation b. Agent or advocate-assisted negotiation c. Nonbinding evaluation d. Arbitration

11. Agent is a party to a conflict who is powerful enough to significantly alter its course True False

12. Most transactions contain both compatible and incompatible goals and are known as mixed-motive situations True False

13. Lawyer s are the only people who could not benefit from understanding conflict diagnosis True False

14. Creative thinking has always a positive effect on negotiation True False

15. Mediation is a way of negotiation where there are agents involved of both parties True False

16. Misconceptions about conflicts cause i ncrease our ability to respond to conflicts effectively True 19

17. Issues perspective is the most important perspective of conflict to be observed. True False

18. Focusing on resources to diagnose a conflict may help in finding other sources of conflict True False

19. In a competitive conflict the disputants perceive as a win and loose situation True False

20. The attitude that allows for risk taking behavior is known as trust True False

11. The purpose of pure mediation would be most accurately stated as: Getting a settlement as quickly as possible Getting a fair compromise Facilitating principled bargaining or similar collaborative negotiation so that settlement can result Healing the disputants emotionally

12. Potential mediation client Ms. B complained that she wanted to reach settlement in mediation, but the mediator didn’t seem at all concerned with helping the parties reach settlement, or even to negotiate. Which of the following forms of mediation did this mediator probably practice? a. Triage mediation b. Bargaining-based mediation c. Pure mediation d. Transformative mediation

13. Most informal arbitration is probably ______than most facilitative mediation. a. Quicker and less expensive b. Quicker but more expensive c. Slower but less expensive d. Slower and more expensive

14. Mediation: a. Indirectly promotes cooperation b. Can enhance or preserve relationships c. Can create mistrust 20 d.Some time unable to create more optimal solutions than processes that do not directly promote cooperation 15. I want to save time and money.” Taking in to consideration the advantages and disadvantages of different type of dispute resolution methods, which of the following is best method to be adopted for the statement given above? a. Legislation b. Mediation c. Negotiation d. Adjudication

16. Mediator (and clients) sets ground rules for conduct in which stage of mediation? a. The introductory stage b. Issues clarification and communication c. The productive stage d. Agreement consummation

17. In issue clarification stage in the process of mediation, ______mediation generally focuses on analyzing interests of disputants and on avoiding positional bargaining. a. Evaluative b. Facilitative c. Category based d. Non-binding

18. In which type of mediation mediator takes the time to ensure that he or she has no prior dealings with either disputant that might create a conflict of interest? a. Facilitative b. Evaluative c. Both facilitative and evaluative d. Neither facilitative nor evaluative

19. Which of the following introductory statements by a mediate or is MOST LIKELY to lead to improved cooperation between the mediating disputants? a. “The purpose of this mediation is for you to decide whether plaintiff’s o r defendant’s version of the issue will prevail.” b. “In mediation, I listen to both sides of the case and then we choo se who wins.” c. “Mediation is a way for t he two of you to seek creative solutions to your conflict that address your unique situation and leave neither of you feeling victimized. ” d. “Now I’d like each of you to state your positio ns.”

20. One DISADVANTAGE of caucusing in mediation is that: a. The mediator is prevented fro m using evaluative tactics b. Caucusing does not promote integrating/collaborating c. Caucusing pr events the mediator from learning about issues the disputants feel uncomfortable discussing in front of one another 21 d. Caucusing promotes principled negotiation

21. Confidentiality in mediation is: a. Entirely determined by statute b. Determined by statute, court rule, or contract, depending on the jurisdiction and the type of mediation c. Ordered by the mediator in appropriate cases d. A myth; mediation is not confidential

22. Concerns over whether a mediator should be able to testify in subsequent litigation raise issues of: a Effectiveness b.Confidentiality c. Participation d. Enforceability

23. Many scholars recognize advantages of arbitration over litigation. These advantages include: a. Expertise of a specialized tribunal b. Fewer saving in time and expense c.Less compliance with arbitration awards d.Arbitrator’s decision serves as precedent in all similar cases throughout the country

24. Which of the following is not advantage of arbitration? a. Low Cost relative to Litigation b. Intermediary involved c. Legally Binding Nature d. International Enforceability

25. ______is potentially cheaper and faster than______. a. Non-binding evaluation, litigation b. Litigation, Non-binding evaluation c. Litigation, ADR d. ADR, Litigation