Student Handbook Page 4

[khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 4]

Kd;Diu...

fpU];jth;fspd; ek;gpf;if tpRthrj;jpdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,e;j cz;ikia mwpe;J nfhs;shjth;fis, ehk; jz;zPh; Nky; elg;gjw;F rkkhf xg;gplyhk;. ,th;fs; vjph; ePr;ry; Nghl ijhpak; ,y;yhjth;fs;.

Njtdpd; thh;j;ij cz;ikahd tpRthrj;jpdhy; gjpT nra;a gl;lJ. Ntjhfkk; vd;gJ jdpg;gl;lJ, fl;lis epiwe;jJ, rpe;jid tsh;r;rpf;F m];jpthuk;, tpiyNaw ngw;wJ kw;Wk; kdpjh;fSf;F [Ptd; jUk; thh;j;ij.

rpyUf;F Njtdpd; thh;j;ij gpNahrdg;gl kpfTk; RygkhdJ vd Ma;TfSk; jdpg;gl;l mDgtq;fSk; $Wfpd;wd. cz;ikjhd;. tpRthrpfSf;F Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s Kf;fpa fjhghj;jpuq;fSk; Gfo; ngw;w fijfSk; mj;Jg;gb. ,Ug;gpDk; vy;yh rk;gtq;fisAk; Nfhh;itahf ghh;g;gJ mth;fSila jdpg;gl;l jpwikia rhh;e;jpUf;Fk;.

mNef tpRthrpfs; jq;fs; jpdrhp tho;f;ifapy; Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s mh;j;jq;fisAk; nkhopngah;j;jiyAk; iftpLfpwhh;fs;. ,th;fspd; vz;zg;gb Nghjfh;fs;, Mrphpah;fs;, fpU];Jit gw;wpa Gj;jfk; vOJgth;fs;, RtpNr\j;jpy; Gfo; ngw;wth;fs; kl;Lk; ifnfhz;lhy; NghJkhdit.

NtW rpyUf;F Ntjhfkk; jq;fs; caph;, mjprakhd thh;j;ijfis nfhz;Ls;sJ, ek;gpf;ifahdJ, tpRthrkhd fijfspd; gpujpgypg;G. ,th;fspd; rpe;jid vd;dntd;why; tpRthrpfSk; mtpRthrpfSk; Ntjhfkj;ij Kw;wpYk; Mjpahfkk; njhlq;fp ntspg;gLj;jpd tpNr\k; tiu ifnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

2000 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Nd, Mgpufhkpd; tho;f;if njhlq;fp G+h;tPf ,];uNty; tiu ehk; NjtDila kfpikahd topfisAk; kPl;GfisAk; fhzyhk;.

Njtdpd; thh;j;ijia mbg;gilahf nfhz;L, ,e;j Gj;jfk; Njtdpd; fpUigapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mtUf;Nf ,J rkh;g;gdk;. ,e;j Gj;jfj;jpdhy; cq;fSf;F rpy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLk; vd;gjpy; [akpy;iy.

cq;fis ehq;fs; n[gj;jpy; jhq;FfpNwhk;.

n[.ap.vt;. Nk, 1993 5

Gj;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jk; Kiw...

,e;j Gj;jfj;ij mbg;gil MAjkhf gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,ij kdjpy; itj;J, Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;JtJ vd;gJ Kiwahd fw;wypd; mDgtk;. ,jpd; jpl;lq;fs; vd;dntd;why; vspikahd thh;j;ijia mbg;gilahf nfhz;L, fw;wypd; jd;ikia tsh;g;gNjahFk;. Kf;fpa Nehf;fk;: Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s fijfis, ghj;jpuq;fis, Nehf;fq;fis xU Nfhh;itahf nfhz;L tUjy;.

,e;j Nehf;fq;fis KOikahf mila, %d;wpypUe;J MW kzptiu xJf;fpdhy; NghJkhdit. ehk; rpe;jid tiug;glj;ij cgNahfpj;jhy; ,J rhj;jpaNk.

mr;rbf;fg;gl;l gf;fq;fs;.

,e;j Gj;jfj;jpd; mikg;G Nghjpg;gjw;F ey;y xU jpl;lk;. Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s Kf;fpa ghfq;fis RUf;fkhf gbg;gjw;Fk; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,J ,izahdJ.

[j;jypf;fpd; cgNahfk;.

Kf;fpakhd thh;j;ijfis [j;jypf; gz;Zfpw top, Mrphpah;fs; jq;fs; Nghjidfspy; tpj;jpahrq;fis Fwpg;gpl Jiz nra;fpwJ.

topKiwfis ifnfhs;tJ.

Ntjhfkj;ij Rygkhd topapy; fw;W nfhz;L, njspe;j rpe;jidAld; Vw;W nfhz;L, mjd;gb Ntjhfkj;ij ifnfhs;Sjy;.

cjtp Fwpg;G.

Ntjhfkk;… Muk;gk; vDk; Gj;jfj;jpd; top NjtDila thh;j;ijia Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;JtJ vg;gb vd gl;liwapy; ehk; fhzyhk;.

,Wjpahf.

,e;j Gj;jfk; Mtpf;Fhpa tho;f;iff;Fk; kw;wth;fSf;F rhl;rpahf tpsq;f cjtp nra;Ak; vd;gjpy; [akpy;iy. 6

Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;Jjy;

Ntjhfkj;ij “nghpa glkhf” ghh;j;jy;

20 E}w;whz;by; Ntjhfk Mrphpah;fspy; xUth;, vd;hPjh kpa];. ,thpd; ghh;itapy; mNefUila Ntjhfk mwpT Kj;J gjpe;j rq;fpyp vDk; mzpfyj;jpw;F rkk;.

,jpy; xU gpur;rid cz;L. Kj;J rq;fpypapy; ,Ue;jhy; Nfhh;itahf mofhf ,Uf;Fk; mJNt jiuapy; rpjwp fple;jhy; kjpg;Gk; FiwAk; kfpikAk; ,Uf;fhJ. mJNghyjhd; rpyh; Ntjhfkj;ij nray;gLj;jp tUfpwhh;fs;.

rpU\;bj;jth; ekJ rpe;jidia jfty; ikakhf itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. Mifapdhy; ehk; fzpzpia Nghy nray;gLfpNwhk;. ehk; Mtpf;Fhpa tho;f;ifia njhiyj;J, cyfj;Jf;Fk; FLk;g tho;f;iff;Fk; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; Kf;fpa ,lk; nfhLf;fpNwhk;.

NtW rpyh; ,t;thW thohky;, Ntjhfkj;ij jq;fs; rpe;jidapYk; tho;f;ifapYk; nray;gLj;jp NjtDf;Fs; tsh;r;rp milfpwhh;fs. rpe;jidapy;: cq;fspd;; “Ntjhfk njhUg;G” vg;gbg;gl;lJ?

Ntjhfkk; tpiyNaw ngw;w khngUk; nghf;fp\k;. mjpYs;s Gj;jfq;fis gbj;J NjtDila thh;j;ijfis jpahdk; nra;tJ kpfTk; mtrpakhdJ.

NjtDila thh;j;ijfis Nfl;gjdhYk; rpe;jpg;gjdhYk; Mtpf;Fhpa tho;tpy; tsh;r;rp milayhk;.

mNefh; jq;fs; Ntjhfk njhFg;ig Kiwahf thpir gLj;JtJ fpilahJ. rpy Ntiyapy; fijfis, rk;gtq;fis, Njfjpfis, ghj;jpuq;fis, ,lq;fis jtwhd Kiwapy; thpir gLj;JtJz;L.

rpy Ntiyapy; cq;fSf;F ,itfs; vy;yhk; mtrpakpy;iy vd Njhd;Wk;. cz;ikapNy NjtDila thh;j;ijfis KOikahf ifnfhs;s midj;Jk; Kf;;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ. 7

FLk;g cy;yhr epfo;r;rpapy; njhiye;J NghtJ

FLk;gj;Jld; cy;yhrkhf xU ehis nrytpLfpwPh;fs; vd itj;J nfhs;Nthk;. mg;nghOJ cq;fs; epidT nray; ,oe;J tpLfpwJ. Mifapdhy; neUq;fpa cwit kwe;jPh;. cq;fSf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; cs;s [f;fpaj;ijAk; czh;r;rpfisAk; mwpatpy;iy. cq;fSf;F epidT jpUk;gpaJ. Rw;wpYk; cs;s cwTfs; midj;Jk; cq;fSf;F mh;j;jg;gLk;.

mJNghyjhd; NjtDila thh;j;ijf;Fk; ekf;Fk; cs;s cwT. rpy tpRthrpfSf;F Ntjhfkk; vd;gJ gytpjkhd kdpjh;fis nfhz;l tdhe;juk;, gy mw;Gjq;fis Rkf;fpwJ, ngah; njhpahj ,lq;fisAk; Njrq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. NtW rpyUf;Nfh, xd;iw xd;W rhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ vd tpRthrpf;fpwhh;fs;.

mg;gbay;y. Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s jfty;fisAk; nra;jpfisAk; mw;Gjkhd fijfisAk; xNu Nfhh;itahf nfhz;L te;J rpe;jidapy; epWj;jyhk;.

Ntjhfk njhFg;ig vLj;j fhl;Ljy;

Ntjhfkj;ij tpiuthf gbf;f xU topjhd; Ntjhfk njhFg;G. Ntjhfkj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;w fhhpaq;fis xU Nfhh;itahf nfhz;L tUjy;. gpwF mf;Nfhh;itia Qhgfj;jpy; itj;jpUjy;.

,ijjhd; ehk; Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;Jjy; vd;fpNwhk;. rpy kzp Neuj;Jf;Fs;, rpy fUj;Jld; Ntjhfkj;jpd; mbg;gilia Rygkhf fw;W nfhs;syhk;. fw;W nfhz;l gpd;, 20 epkplj;jf;Fs; gpwUf;F vLj;Jiuf;fyhk;. NjtDila thh;j;ijfis ehk; rhl;rp vDk; MAjkhf gad;gLj;jyhk;.

Kaw;rp nra;J ghUq;fs;. Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;Jjy; vDk; ifGj;jfk; cq;fSf;F Kiwahd Ntiyg;ghLfshf gy gf;fq;fshf fhl;LfpwJ. thUq;fs;… njhlq;FNthk;….. 8

ghfk; xd;W: jpwf;fTk; “Ntjhfkk; njhFg;G” gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk; Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilAk; thpirgLj;Jjypd; topahf Ntjhfkj;ij ek; rpe;jidapy; epWj;jyhk;. ,ij ,t;thW miof;fpNwhk;:

Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;Jjy;; njhlf;fkhf, njhFg;Gfis mykhhpapy; mLf;Ftij Nghy epidj;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mJNghy Ntjhfk njhFg;igAk; 10 njhFg;Gfshf topg;gLj;jyhk;. gb vz; xd;W:

njhlf;fkhf %d;W vOj;Jf;fisAk; xU vz;izAk; epidtpy; nfhs;sTk;: g 7 m ,

,e;j Ntjhfkj;jpd; topg;gLj;Jjiy jpUk;g jpUk;g nry;Yjy;:

g 7 m ,…. g 7 m ,…. g 7 m ,……...

gb vz; ,uz;L:

“ve;j ,U vz;iz $l;bdhy; vz; 7 tpilahFk;?” epiwa tpil cs;sJ…mjpy; xd;W:

4 & 3. 9

,e;j g 7 m ,, topg;gLj;Jjiy khw;wTk; 7 = 4 & 3, g 4 3 m ,.

,e;j khw;Wjy; topg;gLj;Jjiy jpUk;g jpUk;g nry;yp rpe;jidapy; ijf;fTk;. gb vz; %d;W:

g 4 3 m ,, ,ij mbg;gilahf itj;J [e;J Kf;fpakhd thh;j;ijfis fhzyhk;. ,J Ntjhfk njhFg;gpd; m];jpthuk;. g = gilg;G 4 = 4 egh; 3 = 3 rKjhak; m = mikjp , = ,NaR.

,e;j [e;J thh;j;ijfSk; Ntjhfkj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd tbtikg;gpd; gpujpgypg;G. xd;wpd; gpd; xd;whf ghh;g;Nghk;.

gilg;G, gb vz; ehd;F:

mLj;jjhf ehk; ghh;f;ftpUg;gJ:

4 egh;.

4 egh; vd;gth;fs;:

Mgpufhk; NahNrg;G NkhNr NahRth 10

[khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 10] ngahpy; cs;s Kjy; vOj;Jf;fis jpUk;g jpUk;g nrhy;yp epidtpy; itj;jy;:

“M- Nah- Nkh- Nah ... M- Nah- Nkh- Nah.”

,e;j 4 ngaiuAk; jpUk;g jpUk;g nrhy;yp kdjpy; epWj;jTk;:

“Mgpufhk;, NahNrg;G NkhNr, NahRth.”

,g;nghOJ ,t;thW $wyhk;:

gilg;G

|Mgpufhk; 4 egh; | NahNrg;G | NkhNr | NahRth

Ntjhfkj;jpy; vz;zpy;alq;fhjth;fs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j 4 egh;fs; kl;Lk; Ntjhfk njhFg;gpy; Kf;fpakhdth;fs;.

gb vz; [e;J: njhlh;tJ:

3 rKjhak; 11

[….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 11….]

NkYk; xU rpe;jid MAjk;: “K,rp” / K - , - rp vdg;gLk; ,e;j vOj;Jf;fs; ekf;F 3 rKjhaj;ij vLj;J fhl;Lfpd;wd. mJ vd;dntd;why;:

KOikaw;w rl;l jpl;lk; ,uh[h khpahij rpiwapUg;G kWgbAk; kWgbAk;khf $Wf.

3 rKjhaj;ijAk; topg;gLj;Jjiyapy; Nrh;f;fTk;: gilg;G Mgpufhk; NahNrg;G NkhNr NahRth KOikaw;w rl;l jpl;lk; ,uh[h khpahij rpiwapUg;G kPz;Lk; $Wf. g 7 m ,... gpwF, g 4 3 m ,.

Ntjhfkj;jpd; RUf;fj;ij ,e;j vz;fSk; vOj;Jf;fSk; gj;J thh;j;ijfshf vLj;J fhl;Lfpd;wd. 12

[….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 12….] g 4 3 m , vd;gJ: gilg;G 4 egh; 3 rKjhak; mikjp ,NaR gpwF: gilg;G Mgpufhk; NahNrg;G NkhNr NahRth KOikaw;w rl;l jpl;lk; ,uh[h khpahij rpiwapUg;G gb vz; MW: ,Wjpahf: mikjp ,NaR

njhlf;fj;jpy;: g 7 m , gpwF: gilg;G 4 egh; 3 rKjhak; mikjp ,NaR 13

... 10 thh;j;ijfisAk;, 10 rpe;jid ngl;bf;Fs; itj;J Gjpa Ntjhfk njhFg;ig ghh;f;fTk;:

gilg;G

Mgpufhk;

NahNrg;G

NahRth

KOikaw;w rl;l jpl;lk;

,uh[h khpahij

rpiwapUg;G

,e;j gj;J thh;j;ijfisAk; Ntjhfk njhFg;gpy; ,g;gbahf itf;fTk;:

[Ntjhfk njhFg;gpd; tiug;gl njhFg;G ngl;b]

Gjpa Ntjhfk njhFg;G: KiwahdJ, thpirahdJ, Qhgfg;gLj;Jtjw;F RygkhdJ, Njitg;gLk; NghJ gad;gLj;jyhk;.

Ntjhfk njhFg;G vd;gJ Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s mbg;gil fhhpaq;fis thpirg;gLj;Jjiy fhl;LfpwJ. kW Mua;r;rp nra;J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j gj;J njhFg;GfisAk; rpe;jidapy; epWj;jTk;.

,Jtiu ehk; Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s Kf;fpa mk;rq;fis xU njhFg;ghf nfhz;L te;Njhk;. ek; md;whl tho;f;ifapy; Ntjhfkj;ij KOikahf gbf;f ,J ifnfhLf;Fk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy.

======14

Ntjhfk njhFg;ig ngahpLjy;: mLj;jJ vd;d?

epidtpy; nfhs;sTk;. Kjyhtjhf ehk; rpe;jid njhFg;Gfis fl;bNdhk;. ,jw;F m];jpthuk; gj;J Ntjhfk njhFg;G. ,g;nghOJ ekJ rpe;jidapy; ,itfs; nghpa tiug;glkhf cs;sJ.

ek;khy; KOikahf fw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahJ. Mifapdhy; ,e;j Gj;jf vOj;jhshpd; vz;zj;jpd;gb, ek; tihg;gl Nfhh;itfis fl;bapUf;fpNwhk;. vJ vg;gbapUe;jhYk; NtjhfkNk nghJ cjtp Fwpg;G.

,e;j gj;J Ntjhfk njhFg;ig mbg;gilahf itj;Jjhd; Ntjhfkj;ij thpirg;gLj;jp, mjpYs;s fijfisAk; fhy Neuq;fisAk; fw;W nfhs;s NghfpNwhk;. Kf;fpa Fwpg;G: Ntjhfkj;ijAk; mjpYs;s rk;gtq;fisAk; ghj;jpuq;fisAk; mwpe;J nfhz;L fw;W nfhs;tJ ekJ rpe;jidf;F xU ikay; fy;yhFk;.

Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;Jjypd; topahf ek;khy; gj;J thh;j;ijfis gj;J rpe;jid njhFg;Gf;fshf khw;w KbAk.;

mLj;jJ ghfk; ,uz;L. ,jpy; ehk; fpof;F G+h;tPf tiug;glj;ij vg;gb tiutJ vd ghh;f;fyhk;. 15

…. khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 15….] tiug;glk; ghh;f;fTk; “gnth; ngha;l;” gf;fk; 15 & 16 16

[….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 16….] tiug;glk; ghh;f;fTk; “gnth; ngha;l;” gf;fk; 15 & 16 17

….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 17….]

ghfk; %d;W: KOikahd njhFg;Gfs; jfty;fis epug;gTk; gj;J thh;j;ijfis ehk; xt;nthd;whf jpwf;Fk; NghJ, Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirgLj;Jjiy ikakhf itg;Nghk;. Kjyhtkhf “gilg;G”

Ntjhfk njhFg ;G tiug;glk; Ntjhfk njhFg ;G #1: Mjpahfkk; njhFg ;G Mjpahfkk; 1-11 fhy Neuk;: 2000 fp.K.

Ntjhfk njhFg;gpy; Kjyplk; tfpg;gJ “gilg;G”. ,ij Fwpj;J Ntjhfkj;jpy;, Mjpahfkk; Kjy; gjpndhW mjpfhuj;jpy; $wg;gl;lij fhzyhk;.

Mjpahfk vOj;jhshpd; A+fj;jpd; gb, cyf tuyhW Njhd;wpaJ 2000fp.K. Mjpahfkk;, “gilg;G” mjpfhuk; 1 Kjy; 11 tiu cyf tsh;r;rpiaAk; [dj;jpd; ngWFjiyAk; fhzyhk;.

Kjy; gjpndhW mjpfhuk; KOikahd tpsf;fj;ij fhl;LfpwJ. ,e;j gf;fq;fs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhditfs;. fhuzk; ekf;F “Kjyhditfis” Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,J Kbtpy;yhj gjpg;G, ek;gpf;ifahdJ, khrpy;yh vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. 18

Mjpahfkk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “Kjyhd”

• Kjyhd kD\d;, kD\p

kD\id Njtd; kz;zpypUe;J cUthf;fpdhh;. mtid G+kpapy; cs;s rfyj;ijAk; Ms;tjw;F rpU\;bj;jhh;. kD\d; jdpj;jpUg;gJ ey;yJ my;y vd;W Vw;w Jizia cz;lhf;fpdhh;. ,UtUk; ghpRj;jkhapUe;jhh;fs;.

• Kjyhd ghtk;

Njtd; cz;lhf;fpd fhl;L [Ptd;fis ghh;f;fpYk; rh;g;gk; je;jpuKs;sJ. mJ kD\pia tQ;rpj;jJ. Njtd; Grpf;ff;$lhJ vd;w ed;ikjPik mwpajf;f tpUl;rq;fis kD\Dk; kD\pAk; Grpj;jhh;fs;. ghtj;jpy; tpOj;jhh;fs;.

• Kjyhd RtpNr\k;

kdpjd; ghtj;jpypUe;J kdk; jpUk;Gtjw;fhf, Njtd; jkJ J}jid mDg;gpdhh;.

• Kjyhd FLk;gk;

NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; cs;s cwit rhj;jhd; gphpj;jhd;. Mifapdhy; Mjhk; Vthiy mwpe;J gps;is ngw;whd;. ,th;fs;jhd; kdpj ,dk; tpUj;jpaila %yfhuzk;.

• Kjyhd nfhiy

“caph;” kdpjDf;F Njtd; nfhLj;j tpiyNaw ngw;w ghpR. capiu nfhs;tJ khngUk; ghtk;.

• nts;sk; & thdtpy;

G+kpapy; mf;fpukk; ngUfpaJ. NehthTf;F NjtDila fpUig fpilj;jJ. Nehth FLk;gj;jpdiu jtpu, kw;wahtw;iwAk; Njtd; nts;sj;jhy; mopj;jhh;. ,dp G+kpia [yj;jhy; mopg;gjpy;iy vd;gjpd; milahskhf Nkfj;jpy; thdtpy;iy itj;jhh;.

• ghNgy; NfhGuk; NjtNdhL rkkhf ,Uf;f [dq;fs; thdj;jpd; msTf;F ghNgy; NfhGuj;ij fl;bdhh;fs;. Njtd; ,jw;F cld;glhky; gy;NthW ghi\fis cz;lhf;fp kdpjh;fis G+kpnaq;Fk; rpjwgz;zpdhh;. 19

kdpjd; ,e;j G+Tyfpy; vg;gb jQ;rk; ngw;whd; vd;gij Mjpahfkk; Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpfhuk; 1 Kjy; 11tiu fhzyhk;. MjpapNy Njtd; kdpjDf;F nropg;ghd tho;f;ifia nfhLj;jhh;. ,Ug;gpDk; kdpjd; Njt thh;j;ijf;F nrtprha;f;fhky; rhj;jhdpd; gpbapy; rpf;fpdhd;.

RUf;fk;: “gilg;G” njhFg;G – Njtd; kdpjid rpU\;bj;jhh;. mtd; ghtj;jpy; tpOe;jhd;. Njtid mrl;il gz;zpdhd;. kdpjid ghtj;jpypUe;J kPl;L, NjtDld; [f;fpakhd cwit itj;J nfhs;s RtpNr\k; Ntjhfkj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ.

gioa Vw;ghl;by; ehd;F Ngh; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpAs;sdh;. mjpy; Kjyplk; tfpg;gth;...

Ntjhfk njhFg ;G tiug;glk; Ntjhfk njhFg ;G #2: Mgpufhk; njhFg;G Mjpahfkk; 12-25 fhy Neuk;: 2000 fp.K. (ehy;thpy; Kjy;th;)

Mjpahfkk; Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpfhuk; 1 Kjy; 11tiu kdpj ,d ngWFjiy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. Mgpufhk; Njtdpd; rpNefpjd;. mtDila tho;f;if njhlf;fj;ij Mjpahfkk; Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpfhuk; 12 fhzyhk;. fijapd; Kf;fpa ghj;jpuk; xU kdpjDk; mtd; kf;fSk;: vgpnuah; FLk;gkhd MgpufhikAk; mtd; re;jjpiaAk; Njtd; Njh;njLj;jhh;. ,th;fNs A+jh;fs;.

kdpjDf;Fk; NjtDf;Fk; cs;s cwit kWgbAkhf caph;gpf;f, Njtd; Mgpufhk; vDk; kdpjid njhpe;J nfhz;lhh;. Njtd; Mgpufhik nfhz;L jkJ jpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;jpdhh;.

Ntjhfkj;jpy; Mjpahfkk; njhlq;fp ntspg;gLj;jpd tpNr\k; tiuf;Fk;, ,e;j cyfj;jpw;F Mgpufhk; m];jpthuk; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ.

Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s xt;nthU Gj;jfq;fSk; Mjpahfkk; njhlq;fp ntspg;gLj;jpd tpNr\k; tiuf;Fk; ntt;NtW fhy mtfhrj;jpy; vOjg;gl;lJ. ,ij ehk; xU kiyf;Fk; kw;nwhU kiyf;Fk; cs;s ,ilntspf;F rkkhf xg;gplyhk;. kiyfis J}uj;jpypUe;J ghh;j;jhy; xd;wpd; Nky; xd;whf fhl;rpahspf;Fk;. kiyfSf;F ,ilNa cs;s msit ek;khy; fzpf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; xU kjpg;ghf $w KbAk;. 20

[…khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 20….]

[fpof;f G+h;tPfk; tiug;glk;]

Mgpufhk; fij Muk;gk;

Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirg;gLj;Jjy; Mjpahfkk; Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpfhuk; 12ypUe;J njhlq;FfpwJ. kj;jpa fpof;F ehL ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,uz;lhf gphpe;J

[gpuhj;J ejp njhlq;fp Nky; rKj;jpuk; tiu gy mw;Gjkhd rk;gtq;fis fhzyhk;. mjpd; mUfpy; Gfo; ngw;w kw;w ,lq;fisAk; fhzyhk;.

mitfs;: fhdhd; (,d;W ,];uNty;), fypNyahf; fly;, cg;G fly;, vfpg;J, eay; ejp, kw;Wk; Gfo; ngw;w rPdha; kiy. cyf ty;yuR ehLfs;, fhdhd;/ ngyp];jpd;/ ,];uNtiy neLehl;fshf MSif nra;jdh;.

Mgpufhkpd; fij “Ch;” vd;fpw fh;Njah; gl;lzj;jpy; njhlq;fpaJ. 2000fp.K “Ch;” vd;gJ mUikahd gl;lzk;, fw;gjw;F cyf Gfo; ngw;w ,lk;, tdg;ghdJ, ,Ug;gpDk; tpf;fpuf ,Uspy; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,d;W mNugpah;fs; trpj;J tUfpwhh;fs;. 21

Ntjhfkj;jpy; NjuhDk; FLk;gj;jpdUk; “Ch;” vd;fpw fh;Njah; gl;lzj;jpy; trpj;J te;jhh;fs;.

NjuhDf;F %d;W gps;isfs;, , ,isatd; Mgpufhk; (gioa ngah; Mgpuhk;) kidtp rhuhs; (gioa ngah; rhuha;). Mgpuhfkpd; mz;zd; kfdhd Nyhj;Jk; ,th;fSld; ,Ue;jhd;. Njtd; Mgpuhfkplk; Njrj;ij tpl;L ehd; nfhLf;Fk; Njrj;Jf;F Ngh vd;whh;. Mgpufhk; NjtDila miog;ig Vw;W nfhz;lhd;.

mth;fs; NjtDf;F fPo;g;gbe;J Gwg;gl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; Nkw;wpiria Nehf;fp gazj;ij njhlq;fpdhh;fs;. Mgpufhkpd; FLk;gk; nropg;ghd #o;epiyapy; rQ;rhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jjhy; Gwg;gLifapy; jq;fSf;F chpikahd nrhj;Jf;fisAk; Ntiyahl;fisAk; $lhuKk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.

Kf;fpa fUj;J: MgpufhKk; FLk;gj;jpdUk; Njtd; fhz;gpf;Fk; Njrk; Gwg;gLjy;. ,Ug;gpDk; “Ch;” gl;lzj;jpypUe;J mLj;J vq;Nf NghfpNwhk; vd;gJ mth;fSf;F njhpahJ. mth;fs; NjtDila thh;j;ijf;F fPo;g;gbe;J, Njtd; ghJfhg;ghh; vd;w tpRthrj;jpdhYk; ek;gpf;ifapdhYk; gPLeil Nghl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j miog;gpy; ehd;F Ngh; mlq;fpAs;sdh;: Mgpufhk;, kidtp rhuhs;, je;ij Njuhd;, mz;zd; kfd; Nyhj;.

Nkw;wpiria Nehf;fp gazk; nra;j mth;fs; ,Wjpapy; Muhd; gl;lzj;jpy; Nrh;e;jhh;fs;. rpy ehl;fshf mg;gl;lzj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;jhh;fs;. mt;Ntiyapy; Njuhd; ,UE}w;iwe;J tajpy; kuzkile;jhd;.

kWgbAkhf Njtd; MgpufhNkhL Ngrpdhh;. Njtd; Mgpuhfkplk; Muhid tpl;L thf;Fjj;jk; gz;zpa Njrj;Jf;F Nghf nrhd;dhh;. Mj;Njrj;jpd; ngah; fhdhd;. ,d;W ,];uNty; vd miof;fpwhh;fs;. 22

NjtDf;Fk; MgpufhKf;Fk; cs;s thf;Fjj;jq;fs;

“Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;if.”

Ntjhfkj;jpy; ,e;j cld;gbf;if khngUk; khw;wj;ij cz;lhf;fpAs;sJ. Njtd; ,jd; topahf gioa rKjhaj;Jf;F ntspg;gLj;JjiyAk; Gjpa jpl;lq;fisAk; mkYf;F nfhz;L te;jhh;.

Njtd; MgpufhKf;Fk; nfhLj;j cld;gbf;if:“Njrk;, tpj;J, MrPh;thjk;”.

• thf;Fjj;jk; #1: Njrk; — me;epa Njrj;ij nrhe;jkhf Rje;jhpj;jy;.

• thf;Fjj;jk; #2: tpj;J — ,e;j thf;Fjj;jk; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ MgpufhKf;Fk; rhuhSf;Fk; gps;is ,y;yhky; Kjph;tajhapUe;jhh;fs;.

• thf;Fjj;jk; #3: MrPh;thjk; — MgpufhikAk; mtd; tk;rq;fisAk; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; MrPh;thjk;. G+kpapYs;s tk;rq;fnsy;yhk; MgpufhKf;Fs; MrPh;tjpf;fg;gLk;. 23

“Mgpufhkpd; cld;gbf;if.”

Mgpufhk; fhdhd; Njrj;jpy; Nrh;e;j NghJ 75 taJs;stdhapUe;jhd;. kidtp rhuhSf;Nfh 65 taJ. ,e;j Kjph;tajpy; mth;fs; vg;gb gps;is ngWthh;fs;.

Mk;. Mgpufhk; Njtid tpRthrpj;jhd;. mJ mtDf;F ePjpahf vz;zg;gl;lJ. mtd; NjtDila rpNefpjndd;dg;gl;lhd;.

tUlq;fs; fle;jd. MgpufhKf;Fk; rhuhSf;Fk; Njtd; ,d;Dk; Gj;jpu ghf;fpak; mUstpy;iy. rhuhs; nghWik ,oe;jhs;. Mifahy; vfpg;J Njrj;jhshfpa Mfhh; vDk; mbikngz;iz MgpufhKf;F kWkidahl;bahff; nfhLj;jhs;.

Mgpufhk; MfhUf;F xU Fkhud; gpwe;jhd;. ,];kNty; vd;gJ mtd; ehkk;. ,Ug;gpDk; Njtd; thf;Fjj;jk; nfhLj;j Fkhud; ,td; ,y;iy.

mt;Ntiyapy; Mgpufhk; taJ 85, rhuhs; taJ 75.

15 tU\k; fle;jJ. Njtd; Fwpj;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; rhuhs; xU Fkhuid ngw;whs;. mtd; ngah;

Njtdpd; thf;Fjj;jj;jpd;gb

MgpufhKf;F ,U Fkhuh;fs;- ,];kNty;,

xU je;ij ,U jha;. Mifapdhy; ,U rNfhjh;fs; eLtpy; rr;ruT ,Ug;gJ ,aw;f;ifahdJ. ,e;ehs; tiu mJ xU njhlh;fijahf cs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ek; epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why; A+jh;fSk; mNugpah;fSk; Mgpufhkplj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj cUthdth;fs;.

ahf;NfhG

ahf;NfhGf;F 12 Fkhuh;fSk; xU Fkhuj;jpAk; gpwe;jhh;fs;. ,e;j 12 Fkhuh;fspd; ngah;jhd; ,];uNtypd; 12 Nfhj;jpuq;fis cUthf;fpaJ. ,isath;fs; - NahNrhg;G, ngd;akPd;. 24

[….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 24….] mLj;J Ntjhfkj;jpd; njhFg;G # 3 ghh;f;fyhk;. gioa Vw;ghl;by; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpa ,uz;lhtJ egiu fhzyhk;. mtd; ngah;…

Ntjhfk njhFg;G tiug;glk; Ntjhfk njhFg;G #3: NahNrhg;G njhFg;G Mjpahfkk; 37-50 (,uz;lhtJ egh;)

ahf;NfhG NahNrhg;G kPJ mstpy;y md;G nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,J kw;w 11 Fkhuh;fSf;F vhpr;riyAk; nghwhikiaAk; J}z;baJ. Mifapdhy; NahNrhg;ig ,];kNtyhplk; tpw;W Nghl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; NahNrhg;ig vfpg;jpw;F nfhz;L Nghdhh;fs;.

vfpg;JNyNa, NahNrhg;G Njt Mtp ngw;W tpNtfKk; QhdKs;stDkha; ,Ue;jhd;. Njtd; mtNdhNl ,Ue;J mtd; nra;fpwahitAk; tha;f;fg;gz;zpdhh;. Mifapdhy; vfpg;J Njr mjpfhhpahdhd;. vfpg;J Njrj;jhh; NahNrhg;gpd; cj;jpuTapy;yhky; jd; ifiaahtJ my;yJ fhiyahtJ mirf;f KbahJ. me;j mstpw;F NahNrhg;Gf;F vfpg;jpNy mjpfhuk; ,Ue;jJ.

NahNrhg;gpd; jfg;gdhfpa ahf;NfhGila ngaiu Njtd; “,];uNty;” vd khw;wpdhh;. “,];uNty;” vd;why; NjtNdhLk; kdpjNuhLk; Nghuhb Nkw;nfhz;ltd; vd vgpnuah; nkhopapy; nghUs;g;gLk;. fhdhd; Njrj;jpy; gQ;rk; nfhbjhapUe;jJ. Mifapdhy; ahf;NfhGk; FLk;gj;jpdUk; vfpg;jpw;F Gwg;gl;lhh;fs;.

ahf;NfhGk; mtd; Fkhuh;fSk; vfpg;J Njr mjpfhhpahd NahNrhg;ig gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; vfpg;jpNyNa jq;fptpl Nahrid gz;zpdhh;fs;. vgpnuah; ,dkhd ,th;fs; gYfp Njrk; vq;Fk; ngWfpdhh;fs;. ,r;[dj;ijNa ,g;nghOJ “,];uNtyh;fs;” vd miof;fg; gLfpwhh;fs;.

NahNrhg;gpd; Mjutpy; ahf;NfhGk; mtd; re;jjpadUk; vfpg;J Njrj;jpy; nropg;ghf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. 25

fhyq;fs; fle;jd. NahNrhg;G jdJ 110 tajpy; khpj;jhd;. NahNrhg;gpd; NritAk; vfpg;jpy; kwf;fg;gl;lJ. NahNrhg;ig mwpahj Gjpa ,uh[h xUtd; vfpg;jpy; Njhd;wpdhd;. mtd; ,];uNtyh;fs; gYfp Vuhskha; ngUfpg; gyj;jpUg;gij fz;L mbikahf elj;jpdhd;.

,];uNtyh;fs; vfpg;jpy; 430 tU\k; mbikahf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. vfpg;jpah;fs; ,];uNtyh;fis RikRkf;fpw Ntiyia xLf;fp nfhLikaha; elj;jpdhh;fs;. mth;fs; vtt;sT xLf;fpdhh;fNsh mt;tstha; ,];uNtyh;fs; ngUfpdhh;fs;. Mifapdhy; vfpg;jpah;fs; “,];uNtyh;fis” Fwpj;J vhpr;ry; mile;jhh;fs;. [….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 25….]

thUq;fs; Ntjhfk njhFg;ig vg;gb Rygkhd Kiwapy; thpirg;gLj;JtJ vd fhz;Nghk;. gilg;G - MjpapNy Njtd; G+kpiaAk; mjpy; cs;sahtw;iwAk; rpU\;bj;jhh;. kdpjd; ghtj;jpy; tpOtjw;F Kd; NjtDld; rQ;rhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. njhFg;gpy; ehd;F Ngh; cs;sdh;. Kjyhtjhf NjtDila rpNefpjid fhzyhk;.

Mgpufhk; - Njtd; Mgpufhik “Ch;” vd;fpw fh;Njah; gl;lzj;jpypUe;J ntspNa mioj;jhh;. MgpufhKf;F “Njrk;, tpj;J, MrPh;thjk;” vd;w %d;W thf;Fjj;jq;fis Njtd; nfhLj;jhh;. MgpufhKf;F ,U Fkhuh;fs; - ,];kNty;,

NahNrhg;G - mjpy; xUtd; NahNrhg;G. kw;w 11 rNfhjh;fs; mtd; Nky; nfhz;l nghwhikapdhy; mtid tpw;whh;fs;. NahNrhg;G vfpg;jpw;F mjpfhhpahdhd;. ahf;NfhGk; mtd; re;jjpAk; vfpg;jpy; jQ;rk; GFe;jhh;fs;. ,e;j re;jjpjhd; gYfp ngWfp “,];uNtyu;” Njrkhf khwpaJ. NahNrhg;G kuzk;. ,];uNtyh;fs; vfpg;jpy; 430 tU\k; mbikj;jdj;jpy; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

[….khzth;fs; ifg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; 26….] mLj;jjhf Ntjhfk njhFg;gpy; tUgth;…

Ntjhfk njhFg;G tiug;glk; Ntjhfk njhFg;G #4: NkhNr ahj;jpuhfkk; - cghfkk; fhy Neuk;: 1500 fp.K. (%d;whtJ egh;)

,];uNtyh;fis vfpg;jpypUe;J ntspNaw;Wtjw;fhf NkhNrir Njtd; njhpe;J nfhz;lhh;. Ntjhfk njhFg;gpy; %d;whtjhf NkhNrir ghh;f;fyhk;.

,];uNtyh;fis mbikj;jdj;jpypUe;J ntspNaw;w NkhNr, vfpg;J Njrj;Jf;F ,uh[hthfpa ghh;Nthid re;jpj;jhd;. [dq;fis Nghf tpl Ntz;Lk; vd Nfl;L nfhz;lhd;. ghh;Nthd; nrhtprha;f;ftpy;iy. Mifapdhy; Njtd; vfpg;jpy; gy thijfis cz;lhf;fpwhh;. ,t;thijapdhy; vfpg;J Njr ejpfs;, kpUfq;fs;, gaph;fs;, epyq;fs;, kw;Wk; kdpjh;fs; ehrkhapd. ,Wjpapy; ghh;Nthd; ,];uNtyh;fis vfpg;jpypUe;J Juj;jp tpl;lhd;. NkhNr jiyikapy; 2 Nfhb ,];uNtyh;fs; vfpg;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;ldh;. ,ij ehk; ahj;jpuhfkk; Gj;jfj;jpy; fhzyhk;. NkhNr ,];uNtyh;fis vfpg;jpypUe;J rpte;j rKj;jpuj;jpd; topaha; kpj;Njhy; rKj;jpuk; mioj;J nrd;whd;. kpj;Njhy; rKj;jpuk; vfpg;Jf;Fk; rPdha;f;Fk; eLNt mike;Js;sJ.

ghh;NthDk; NridfSk; ,];uNtyh;fis gpd; njhlh;e;J rKj;jpuj;jz;ilapNy fpl;bdhh;fs;. ,];uNtyh;fs; rKj;jpuj;jpd; eLNt ntl;lhe;jiuapNy ele;J Nghdhh;fs;. mth;fs; tyJ Gwj;jpYk; ,lJ Gwj;jpYk; [yk; kjpyhf epd;wJ. vfpg;jpah;fSk; mth;fis gpd; njhlh;e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd; eLNt gpuNtrpj;jhh;fs;. Njtd; vfpg;jpaiu flypd; eLNt ftpo;j;;;J Nghl;lhh; xUtDk; jg;gtpy;iy.

,];uNtyh;fNsh, Njtdpd; Nrl;ilf;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. NkhNr ,];uNtyh;fis rKj;jpuj;jpypUe;J njw;Nf ,ioj;J nrd;whd;. ,Wjpapy; rPdha; kiyia te;jile;jhh;fs;.

,q;F Njtd; mtUila Kjy; jPh;f;fjhprpahd NkhNr topahf [dj;jplk; Ngrpdhh;. Njtd; mth;fSf;F “fl;lisia” nfhLj;jhh;. vgpnuah; nkhopapy; fl;lis “Njhuh” vdg;gLk;.

Njtd; NkhNrf;F nfhLj;j fl;lisfis %d;W ghfkhf gphpf;fyhk;;;;;;; ed;ndwp, xOf;fk;, tpoepfo;T. 27

Njtdpd; “10 fl;lis” ed;ndwp gz;Gfis Fwpf;fpwJ.

,];uNtyh;fs; 40 tU\k; tdhe;juj;jpy; rQ;rhpj;jhh;fs;. tdhe;juj;jpYk; Maj;jk; gz;zpa Njrj;jpYk; ,];uNtyh;fs; xw;Wikahf xUkdg;gl;L tho;tjw;Nf Njtd; “xOf;fk;” fl;lisia

“tpoepfo;T” khh;f;fkhf Njtd; jhk; njhpe;J nfhz;l [dq;fSf;F Muhjid nra;Ak; topKiwfis fl;lisapl;lhh;. ,e;j Muhjid topKiwfis ,];uNtyh;fs; tdhe;juj;jpy; Mrhpg;Gf; $lhuj;jpYk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; vUrNykpy; fl;ltpUf;Fk; Myaj;jpYk; cgNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;. kdpjDf;Fk; tuNghfpw NkrahTf;Fk; cs;s cwit typAWj;j Muhjid Jghrpahf tpsq;FfpwJ.

,e;j Gjpa fl;lisfis ngw;W nfhz;l gpd;, NkhNrtpd; jiyikapy; ,];uNtyh;fs; jq;fs; gpjhf;fSila tk;rj;jpd;gb Nridfshf gpuahzg;gl;L Nghdhh;fs;. mth;fs; fhNj]; gh;ndah vDk; ,lj;jpy; ghsakpwq;fpdhh;fs;. ,];uNty; Njrj;jpy; cs;s mt;tplj;ij jw;nghOJ njw;F tdhe;juk; vd miof;fpwhh;fs;.

,Wjpahf, Mgpufhk;,

NkhNrTf;Fk; NrdhjpgjpfSf;Fk; mj;Njrj;ij gw;wpa jfty; Njitg;gl;lJ: Njrk; vg;gbg;gl;lnjd;Wk;, FbapUf;fpw [dq;fs; gythd;fNsh gytPdh;fNsh, nfhQ;rk; NgNuh mNefNuh, ey;yNjh nfl;lNj, gl;lzq;fs; vg;gbg;gl;lnjd;Wk;, epyk; tsg;gkhdNjh ,sg;gkhdNjh, tpUl;rq;fs; cz;Nlh ,y;iyNah vd;gNjahFk;.

fhNj]; gh;ndahtpy; ,Uf;ifapNy, NkhNr fhdhd; Njrj;ij Rw;wp ghh;f;f xt;nthU gpjhf;fspd; Nfhj;jpuj;jpYk; xt;nthU gpuGit Njh;njLj;J mDg;gpdhd;. mth;fs; Nkw;F jpirtiu (,d;W yPgNdhd;) Rw;wp ghh;j;jhh;fs;. 40 ehl;fs; nrd;w gpd; NkhNr ,Uf;Fk; fhNj]; gh;ndah jpUk;gpdhh;fs;. 12 Nfhj;jpu gpuGf;fSk; khWg;gl;l rkhrhuj;ij mwptpj;jhh;fs;.

ngUk;ghNyhhpd; jfty;: 10 gpuGf;fs; - mj;Njrk; ghYk; NjDk; XLfpw Njrk;, [dq;fs; gythd;fs;, gl;lzq;fs; muzpg;ghditfs;, [dq;fs; ,uhl;rj gputpahf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;w Jh;nra;jpia guk;gr; nra;jhh;fs;. ehk; ghh;itf;F ntl;Lf;fpspia Nghy ,Uf;fpNwhk;;;, me;j [dq;fis vjph;f;f ek;khy; KbahJ, Njtd; cld;gbf;if nra;j Njrj;ij ek;khy; Rje;jhpj;Jf; nfhs;s ,ayhJ vd Gyk;gpdhh;fs;. 28

,Uthpd; jfty;: NahRthTk; fNyg;Gk; khWg;gl;l rkhrhuj;ij $wpdhh;fs;. mjhtJ 10 Nfhj;jpu gpuGf;fs; nrd;dJ cz;ikjhd;. MdhYk; me;j Njrj;ij ehk; Rje;jhpj;Jf; nfhs;s Njtd; cjtp nra;thh; vd;whh;fs;.

Jh;nra;jpia Nfl;l ,];uNtyh;fs; kdk; fyq;fpdhh;fs;. vfpg;Jf;F jpUk;gp NghfpNwhk; vd;W NkhNrTf;F tpNuhjkhf KWKWj;jhh;fs;. ,];uNtyh;fs; Njtd; nra;j milahsq;fis fz;bUe;Jk;, NjtDf;F nrtpnfhlhky; mtUf;F tpNuhjkhf fyfk; gz;zpdhh;fs;.

NjtDf;F Nfhgk; cz;lhdJ. ,UgJ taJ Kjy; mjw;F Nkw;gl;lth;fSf;Fk;, NjtDf;F tpNuhjkhf KWKWj;jpUf;fpwth;fSk; 40 tU\k; tdhe;juj;jpy; jphpe;J mopthh;fs; vd;W [Ptid nfhz;L nrhd;dhh;. NahRth fNyg; NkhNrit jtpu kw;wahtUila gpNujKk; tdhe;juj;jpy; tpOe;jJ.

epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ: ,];uNtyh;fs; NjtDf;F fPo;gbahkYk;, milahsq;fis tpRthrpf;fhky; ,Ue;jjdpd; gydhf 40 tU\k; jq;fs; tho;ehis tdhe;juj;jpy; nrytpl Ntz;bajhapUe;jJ.

40 tU\khf cg;G fly; mUfpy; cs;s tdhe;juj;jpy; NkhNr rQ;rhpj;jhd;. jPh;f;fjhprpahd NkhNr jd; [dj;jhhplk; Nrh;f;fg;gLk; fhyk; rk;gkhdJ. NkhNr Njtid tpRthrpf;fhky; Nghdgbapdhy;, mtd; thf;Fjj;jk; nfhLj;j Njrj;jpy; jd; fhy;fis gjpf;f Kbahky; Nghapw;W.

40 tU\k; tdhe;ju tho;f;if KbTw;wJ. Njtd; NkhNrtplk;, ,];uNtyh;fis fhdhd; Njrj;Jf;Fs; gpuNtrpf;fTk; Rje;jhpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; mDkjp je;jUspdhh;.

NkhNr khpf;Fk; Kd;Nd, 5 epahag;gpukhzj;ij vhpNf vjpuhf ,Uf;Fk; NeNgh kiyapy; Njtdplj;jpypUe;J ngw;whd;. NkhNr Gjpa re;jjpf;Fk; gioa re;jjpf;Fk; ,e;j epahag;gpukhzj;ij vLj;Jiuj;jhd;. NkhNr ,];uNtyh;fsplk; NjtDila fl;lisfisAk;, fw;gidfisAk;, ghuk;ghpa gof;f tof;fq;fisAk; thf;Fjj;jk; nfhLj;j Njrj;jpy; if nfhs;Sk;gb Ntz;b nfhz;lhd;. ,e;j 5 epahag;gpukhzj;ij “cghfkk;” Gj;jfj;jpy; fhzyhk;. vgpnuah; nkhopapy; “cghfkk;” vd;why; “,uz;lhtJ fl;lis” vdg;gLk;;.

,Wjpahf, NkhNr Njrj;jpd; (ngyp];jpah;) cld;gbf;ifia gw;wp Nghjpj;jhd;. Njtd; MgpufhKf;Fk;,