Big Bang Theory

Name:______Space Test

The creation of our universe occurred approximately thirteen billion years ago when it was very, very hot. It began with the explosion of concentrated matter and Big Bang Theory energy. An explosion occurred that created our Universe.

The universe is continuing to expand.

The fastest moving matter traveled the farthest.

Planet Earth

Solar System - Our Solar System has a star called the Sun in the center of it. Cosmic Address Milky Way Galaxy- contains billions of stars. Our sun is one of billions of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Virgo Supercluster - made of thousands of galaxies

Universe-contains thousands of superclusters

One complete spin on an object’s axis is a rotation

The rotation of the earth on its axis Rotation causes day and night

The period of rotation for Earth is about 24 hours = 1 day Earth revolves in an elliptical orbit around the sun. (One complete trip around the sun!)

Revolution The period of revolution for Earth is about 365.26 days = 1 year

Horizontal line that lies between the North 1 Equator and South Poles. It divides the Northern Hemisphere from the Southern Hemisphere.

The axis is an imaginary line on which the Earth rotates (spins) in space.

Axis **The length of day and night changes because earth's axis is tilted It is not straight up and down, it is tilted at an angle of 23.5 ° The seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and the revolution of the Earth around the sun

Seasons The part of Earth having summer is not closer to the sun; it is tilted toward the sun.

When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it is experiencing summer, while the southern hemisphere will be tilted away and experiencing winter.

Summer Solstice: o For us it is when the Northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun o Beginning of summer Winter and Summer Solstice ** longest day of the year; o Sun is at the highest point in the sky o June 20th or 21st

Winter Solstice: o For us it is when the Northern 2 hemisphere is tilted away from the sun o Beginning of winter ** shortest day of the year; o Sun is at the lowest point in the sky o December 21st or 22nd

. Equinoxes: neither the North Pole nor South Pole is tilted toward the sun. Equal length of day and night

Vernal and Autumnal Equinox ***Vernal Equinox: Beginning of spring March 20th or 21st

***Autumnal Equinox: Beginning of fall September 22nd or 23rd

Weather on the Moon? No water· No Atmosphere – Without atmosphere there can be no weather

Inertia Law of Motion An object in motion will continue along its path at a constant rate unless another force changes it

Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Mars Planets that have seasons….. Earth

Planets that do not have seasons… Mercury, Venus and Jupiter

3 After 4 years the .26 of a day or (6 hrs) Why do we have a Leap Year every each year causes there to be an extra four years and when is it? day in a year. The extra day is added to the month of February, you will have 29 days that year (Leap Year)

M ercury V enus Order of Planets My Very Educated Mother Just E arth Served Us Nine Pizzas M ars J upiter S aturn U ranus N eptune P luto

The temperature on the moon varies Moon’s Temperature greatly…

From 130°C during the day to 2180°C at night

Moon’s Weather There is no weather on the moon because there is no atmosphere

4 Highlands mountain ranges on the moon Most of the craters are located here

Maria Dark lowland plains – named after mare, the Latin word for seas because from Earth they looked like water

Long valleys on the moon Rilles Hadley Rille is one of the longest Since there was no water on the moon, they must have formed from volcanic activity or moonquakes

Perigee When the moon is closest to Earth in its orbit (pretty close)

Apogee When the moon is farthest to Earth in its orbit (away)

Perihelion When the Earth is closest to the Sun in its orbit (pretty close)

Aphelion When the Earth is farthest to the Sun in its orbit (away)

Moon rocks – about 4.6 billion years old Moon rocks – same age as Earth.

Earth and Moon formed –same time

5 The moon has many moonquakes. They Moonquakes may have caused there to be rilles (cracks) on the moon.

Gravity is Earth’s gravity – Objects Moon’s Gravity weigh much less on the moon Your Earth weight divided by 6= Moon weight Find your weight on the moon

 When the Earth and moon revolve around the sun they sometimes block out the sunlight and cast a shadow on Eclipse the other body.  The shadow causes an eclipse  The two types, depend on which body is blocked (in shadow)

When the moon blocks the sunlight from the Solar Eclipse earth (Earth is in the moon’s shadow)

Lunar Eclipse  When the Earth blocks the sunlight from the moon (Moon is in Earth’s shadow)

Umbra The small, dark inner shadow This is where a Total Eclipse will take place.

Penumbra The larger, lighter outer shadow This is where a Partial Eclipse will take place.

Total Eclipse The area of Earth that is in the Umbra of the moon’s shadow will experience a total Eclipse – total darkness

The area of Earth that is in the Penumbra Partial Eclipse of the moon’s shadow will experience a partial Eclipse – semi- darkness 6 Tides  Tides are the rise and fall of the oceans on the earth  They are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon on the Earth  As the Earth rotates (every 24 hours) the side of the Earth that faces the moon bulges. This causes a High tide on both the side of Earth that faces the moon and on the side of Earth that faces away from the moon  Low tides occur on both sides that do not bulge  At any given shore on Earth there are always 2 high tides and 2 low tides every 24 hours.

Weakest High and Low tides-During the 1st quarter and last quarter the Sun and Neap Tides moon are at right angles so the affect of their gravity works against each other causing the lowest, high tides to occur.

Spring Tides Strongest High and Low tides – When the Earth, Sun and moon line up in their orbits the sun’s gravitational pull adds to the moon’s and the tides are much higher (during the Full and New Moon Phases)

Number of Days in Each Month 30 days: Sept., April, June and November 31 days: January, March, May, July, August, October, December 28 days: February Mirror on the Moon Scientists left a mirror on the moon to help them calculate the distance from Earth to the moon. They knew how fast light travels, they bounced a beam of light from Earth to the Moon and timed how long it took to get back

7 First Missions to the Moon Apollo Missions

Neil Armstrong 1st man to step on moon - 1969

Buzz Aldrin Edwin Aldrin 2nd man to step on moon - 1969

Size of Moon Diameter is ¼ Earth’s size

The time that it takes from one full moon to another Lunar Month 29. 5 days

The revolution of the moon around the earth causes it to appear to change shape What causes the phases of the The moon goes through all phases in Moon? 29.5 days (its period of revolution) The moon does not have light, it just reflects the sun’s light

Compare the period of rotation of Moon’s Period of Rotation-27. 3 Days the moon to the period of rotation to Moon revolves around the Earth in an the Earth. elliptical orbit Earth’s Period of Rotation- 24 hrs

Remember the moon’s period of rotation is in days while the moon’s is in hours.

Latin word for Moon Lunar

The theory of how the moon was A giant asteroid (the size of Mars) hit the Earth and tore pieces out of formed. IN DETAIL!!!! Earth’s surface. The pieces moved toward each other due to gravity and became our moon. It stayed in orbit

8 due to Earth’s Gravity. The hole that was left on Earth is now the Pacific Ocean. This is also supported by moon rocks (they are the same age and material as Earth’s rocks)

Far side of the Moon Because the moon’s period of rotation is almost the same as its period of revolution only one side of the moon Near side of the Moon faces Earth.

We call the side that we view the Near Side.

We never see the Far Side of the Moon

Moon’s Period of 27.3 days - same as its The Moon’s Rotation Time Rotation revolution (Day)

Moon’s The Moon’s Revolution Time Period of 27.3 days - same as its Revolution rotation (year)

****Study the phases of the Moon. **** Study the diagrams for Tides and Eclipses – be able to label them. **** Calculate Weight Earth – Moon and Moon- Earth