NOTES: Respiratory System(CH 16) Part 1 Organs of the Respiratory System

NOTES: Respiratory System (UNIT 7) Part 1 – Organs of the Respiratory System

*The respiratory system includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air and transport air to and from the lungs and the air sacs where gases are exchanged. Respiration is the entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells.

Functions of the Respiratory System: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) **Gas exchange supplies O2 for cellular respiration and disposes of CO2.

ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM *The organs of the respiratory system can be divided into two groups: 1) Upper Respiratory Tract: 2) Lower Respiratory Tract:

● NOSE  supported by bone and cartilage  openings for air:  Many internal hairs guard the nostrils

● NASAL CAVITY  hollow space behind the nose; divided by nasal septum

 to filter, warm, and moisten incoming air  ______carry particles trapped in the mucus to the pharynx, where they are swallowed

● SINUSES  that open into the nasal cavity  lined with mucous membranes  Affect the quality of the voice

● PHARYNX  behind the oral cavity  between the nasal cavity and the larynx  ● LARYNX  conducts air and prevents foreign particles from entering trachea  composed of muscles and cartilage; lined with mucous membrane  the and help prevent foods and liquids from entering the trachea  contains the

**VOCAL CORDS vibrate from side to side ___

● TRACHEA  extends into the thoracic cavity; in front of the esophagus  “C” shaped rings of cartilage  Approximately 12.5 cm long  splits into ______

● BRONCHIAL TREE  consists of branched air passages that lead from

 Its branches begins with the R and L primary bronchi  Each primary bronchus divides into secondary bronchi, and these into tertiary bronchi  Tertiary bronchi continue to branch into smaller and smaller tubes: ______ Bronchioles ______ Alveolar ducts lead to ______ Alveolar sacs lead to microscopic air sacs called ALVEOLI which lie within capillary networks (lots of ______!)

● LUNGS  enclosed by the and the thoracic cage  closely surrounded by the

-VISCERAL PLEURA:

-PARIETAL PLEURA:

-PLEURAL CAVITY: the space between the two pleurae; contains fluid to lubricate and cushion lungs during breathing; fluid also holds the two pleurae together which aids in breathing

SUMMARY OF PATHWAY OF AIR (OXYGEN) IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: