Review for Final Exam s1

Name ______Due date ______2017 ACCELERATED BIOLOGY REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM

1. Discuss the methods of artificial selection giving the pros and cons of each. Selective breeding:

Inbreeding:

Hybridization:

2. Describe the following genetic disorders and how they are inherited:

Colorblindness

sickle cell anemia

hemophilia

3. Cross a normal color vision female who is a carrier for colorblindness with a normal color vision male. What are the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring for each sex?

4. Wavy hair results in all the offspring of a parent with straight hair and a parent with curly hair. What do we call this type of inheritance? Cross two wavy-haired parents. Show the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.

5. How is the sex of a human infant determined, and what is the probability that it will be a male or female? 6. Be able to analyze a pedigree showing the following patterns of inheritance:

a. autosomal dominant

b. autosomal recessive

c. sex-linked recessive

7, Be able to analyze the following from a karyotype diagram:

a. Klinefelter’s Syndrome

b. gender

c. Turner’s Syndrome

d. Down Syndrome

8. Define the following genetic mutations: a. Deletion

b. duplication

c. inversion

d. translocation

9. Differentiate between multiple allele inheritance and polygenic inheritance. Give an example of each.

10. What are possible causes of genetic mutations?

11. What did the Human Genome Project accomplish in 2003? 12. What is meant by recombinant DNA? Give an example of how it can be used.

13. How can a DNA fingerprint be produced and how can it be used?

14. Identify the contributions of the following scientists.

A. Lynn Margulis

B. Darwin

D. Pasteur

15. Discuss Lamarck’s theory of evolution through acquired traits.

16. Discuss Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection.

17. What types of evidence do scientists have for evolution? 18. Define and give examples of the following:

a. analogous structure

b. homologous structure

c. vestigial structure

19. Differentiate between genetic drift and evolution.

20. What language is used for scientific names and why?

21. List the 8 main categories used in classification of organisms. Which is the most general category and which is the most specific?

22. What is binomial nomenclature and which categories are used in determining a scientific name?

23. How can one determine which species are more closely related? 24. What are the 6 kingdoms? What are the important characteristics of each kingdom? Give examples of organisms from each kingdom.

25. Label the parts of a bacteriophage virus particle. List the functions of the parts.

26. Diagram and identify the major types of heterotrophic bacteria including the arrangements in which they are found.

27. Define: a. pathogen -

b. antigen -

c. antibody -

d. vaccine - e. toxin -

f. lytic -

g. lysogenic -

h. endospore -

i. capsid

j. antibiotic

28. What are harmful effects of bacteria and what are beneficial uses of bacteria?

29. Be able to identify the following protists and label key structures and functions:

a. amoeba b. euglena c. paramecium d. volvox

30. Describe types of asexual reproduction and give examples of organisms that use these different types of asexual reproduction.

31. What is osmosis and how does it relate to plants?

32. What is transpiration and what could influence its rate? 33. Define: a. geotropism

b. Phototropism

34. What are the functions of these plant parts?

a. leaves

b. stems

c. roots

d. flowers

e. seed

35. List adaptations of land plants

36. What are the general characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Animalia?

37. What are the major invertebrate phyla and their characteristics? Give examples of animals from each of these phyla. 38. Which animal phylum and class account for most animal species?

39. Compare incomplete and complete metamorphosis.

40. Give examples of organisms with closed and open circulatory systems and what each is,.

41. What are bilateral and radial symmetry? Give examples of animals showing bilateral and radial symmetry.

42. Define: hermaphrodite -

43. What are the characteristics of:

a. mammals?

b. birds?

c c. reptiles? d

e d. amphibians?

e. Fish? 44. What is cephalization?

45. Define: Label the planes of the pig using the terms below

anterior – dorsal -

posterior - ventral -

46. Be able to label the external anatomical parts of a fetal pig.

47. Be able to label the internal organs of a fetal pig.

48. Be familiar with the structures in a flower and their function

ECOLOGY

46. . Define and give examples of: a. Biodiversity -

b. Renewable resources -

c. Nonrenewable resources -

d. Invasive species - e. Endangered species -

f. Extinct species -

g. Biological magnification -

h. Food web -

i. Food chain -

47. .Discuss the predator – prey relationship and the three types of symbiotic interactions between species. Give examples of each and be able to analyze a predator-prey graph.

48. Differentiate between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem and give an example of each.

49. Explain how changes in biodiversity can impact ecosystems.

50. Be able to analyze an energy pyramid and calculate the available energy at each trophic level.

Accelerated Biology Final Review Diagrams Label the indicated structures on these Protists. Also know their functions

Organism: ______Organism: ______Organism: ______

Organism: ______What is it? ______Identify the shapes of the bacteria Label this diagram of a bacterium

Identify the genetic disorder in the 4 illustrated Karyotypes

Identify the parts of the flower Label the parts of the seed Label the indicated earthworm structures and give the functions.

Label the structures of the digestive system of a fetal pig and state the functions.

Identify the following on the food web shown above: What is this graph showing you? Producers Decomposers Primary consumers (herbivores) Secondary consumers (carnivores) Top consumer Be able to evaluate the impact of biological magnification on the organisms shown.