Tres Created in 2008 By: Central Organizer: T Jillian Lynch

Tres

Created in 2008 by:

 Central Organizer:  Unit VI – X Multiple Choice coordinator: A Jillian Lynch Jillian Lynch  Document Based Question coordinator:  Unit I – V Multiple Choice coordinator: Deja Jones Jillian Lynch  Essay coordinator: Paige Scholes UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION I Time – 55 minutes 80 Questions

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

1. Throughout the greater part of the seventeenth b. political dishonesty grew while honesty century, the Chesapeake colonies acquired most in business rose of the labor they needed from c. the North developed a strong sense of a. African slaves moral superiority b. white servants d. the great majority of political and c. captured Indians business leaders became corrupt d. West Indian natives e. waste, extravagance, speculation, and e. prisoners of war graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic 2. The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ______against the potential tyranny of 6. When extended, the Open Door policy called on ______. all big powers, including the United States, to a. the prerogatives of Congress, the a. recognize Philippine independence at an president early date b. the army and the navy, the national b. guarantee the independence of Cuba government c. build a Panamanian canal c. the South, the northern majority d. observe the territorial integrity of China d. individual liberties, a strong central e. pursue further investment in China government e. civilian authorities, the military 7. In the early 1902s, the United States’ ______was a glaring exception to its 3. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson general indifference to the outside world resulted in a. involvement in the World Court a. a clean sweep of federal job holders b. armed intervention in the Caribbean and b. the replacement of insecurity by Central America security in employment c. eventual involvement in the League of c. the destruction of the personalized Nations political machine d. naval buildup d. the appointment of many corrupt and e. support for anticommunist rebels incompetent officials to federal jobs e. the same actions of those taken by John 8. In terms of politics, television did all of the Quincy Adams following except a. threaten the traditional role of political 4. The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have parties a. prevented the taking of any territory b. apply the standards of show business from Mexico and commercialism to political b. required California to enter the Union messages as a slave state c. enable political parties to continue their c. overturned the Fugitive Slave Law role of educating mobilizing the d. prohibited slavery in any territory electorate acquired in the Mexican War d. allow lone-wolf politicians to address e. All of the above voters directly e. encourage reliance on short slogans and 5. As a result of the Civil War, sound bites a. the population of the United States declined 9. The climactic clash between Britain and France c. refuse to ignore the Constitution, even for control of the North American continent when tempted to do so sprang from their rivalry for control of d. argue that the president may take any a. Cape Breton Island action in the general interest if it is not b. the Ohio River Valley expressly forbidden by the law c. the Mississippi River e. appeal to the people over the head of d. the Great Lakes Congress e. the St. Lawrence River 15. The Federal Farm Board, created by the 10. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in Agricultural Marketing Act, lent money to southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal farmers primarily to help them to government a. organize producers’ cooperatives a. levied an excise tax on whiskey b. learn a new and more profitable trade b. tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey c. open new land to cultivation c. allowed the import of foreign whiskey d. purchase expensive new farm d. halted the export of American whiskey machinery e. tried to prohibit the manufacturing of e. take land out of production whiskey 16. When it came to welfare programs, Richard 11. One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the Nixon United States was a. sought to exclude African-Americans a. its officers’’ awareness of the bank’s b. tried to repeal only food stamps and responsibilities to society Medicaid b. its preservation of the public trust c. did little to reduce the poverty rate c. its promotion of economic expansion by d. did his best to do away with Lyndon making credit abundant Johnson’s Great Society programs d. its issuance of depreciated paper money e. supported significant expansion in e. that it loaned money to western farmers many areas

12. The key issue for the major parties in the 1848 17. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to presidential election was a. oppress the colonists a. personalities b. punish the Indians b. slavery c. show the power of Parliament c. expansion d. allow western settlement by the d. Indian removal colonists e. the economy e. work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem 13. The railroad of 1877 started when a. President Hayes refused to use troops to 18. The Sedition Act keep the trains running a. threatened First Amendment freedoms b. the four largest railroads cut salaries by b. established criteria for deporting ten percent dangerous foreigners c. working hours were cut back by the c. changed naturalization requirements for railroad companies new citizens d. the railroad workers refused to cross the d. was never enforced picket lines of cargo loaders e. was found by the Supreme Court to be e. the railroads tried to hire Chinese unconstitutional workers 19. When the Irish flocked to the United States in 14. While president, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard following except cities because they a. condemn the law and the courts as too a. preferred urban life slow b. were offered high-paying jobs b. disregard the checks and balances c. were welcomed by the people living among the three branches of there government d. were too poor to move west and buy b. the United States Army was forced to land give dishonorable discharges to more e. had experience in urban politics than one hundred officers c. the State Department lost a number of 20. In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United Asian specialists who might have States Supreme Court counseled a wiser course in Vietnam a. hoped to stimulate further debate on the d. Eisenhower nearly lost the Republican slavery issue presidential nomination in 1956 b. held that slave-owners could not take e. the U.S. achieved a stronger settlement slaves into free territories in Korea c. supported the concept of popular sovereignty 25. One of the traits that made Quakers unpopular in d. reunited the Democratic party England was e. expected to lay to rest the issue of a. their refusal to do military service slavery in the territories b. the high pay given their clergy c. their support of slavery 21. The United States changed to standard time d. their violent treatment of their enemies zones when e. their refusal to hold public office a. Congress passed a law establishing this system 26. The case of Marbury v. Madison involved the b. the major rail lines decreed the division question of who had the right to of the continent into four time zones so a. commit the United States to entangling that they could keep schedules and alliances avoid wrecks b. impeach federal officers for “high c. factories demanded standard time scrims and misdemeanors” schedules c. declare an act of Congress d. long-distance telephones required unconstitutional standard time coordination d. purchase foreign territory for the United e. all of the above States e. appoint Supreme Court justices 22. Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the 27. The first major transportation project linking the a. middle class East to the trans-Allegheny West was the b. lower class a. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad c. upper class b. National (Cumberland) Road d. new wave of immigrants c. Erie Canal e. small towns d. St. Lawrence Seaway e. Lancaster Turnpike 23. In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the 28. The panic of 1857 resulted in Great Depression by a. a demand to end the government policy a. nationalizing all banks and major of giving away farmland industries b. the extension of slavery to the territories b. mobilizing America’s youth as in c. price supports for farmers wartime d. calls for restriction on land and stock c. returning to the traditional policies of speculation laissez-faire capitalism e. clamor for a higher tariff d. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover 29. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first e. experimenting with bold new programs primarily used to curb the power of for economic and social reform a. manufacturing corporations b. labor unions 24. As a result of Senator McCarthy’s crusade c. state legislatures against communist subversion in America d. railroad corporations a. the FBI was shown to have had several e. banking syndicates spies working as communist agents 30. The public outcry after the horrible Triangle 35. Women became especially active in the social Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass reforms stimulated by the Second Great a. mandatory fire escape plans for all Awakening because businesses employing more than ten a. evangelical religion emphasized their people spiritual dignity and religious social b. safety regulations and workmen’s reform legitimized their activity outside compensation laws for job injuries the home c. restrictions on female employment in b. they refused to accept the idea that there the clothing industry was a special female role in society d. zoning regulations governing where c. they were looking to obtain as much factories could be located power as possible e. laws guaranteeing unions the right to d. many of the leading preachers and raise safety concerns evangelists were women e. they saw the churches as the first 31. The Social Security Act of 935 provided all of institutions that needed to be reformed the following except a. unemployment insurance 36. The Border States offered all of the following b. old-age pensions advantages except c. economic provisions for the blind and a. a large population disabled b. a good supply of horses and mules d. support for the blind and physically c. valuable manufacturing capacity handicapped d. shipbuilding facilities e. health care for the poor e. large navigable rivers

32. President Eisenhower’s “New Look” foreign 37. The major factor in drawing country people off policy in the 1950s planned for the farms and into the big cities was a. the dismantling of the military- a. the development of the skyscraper industrial complex b. the availability of industrial jobs b. massive new military spending c. the compact nature of those large c. greater reliance on air power and the communities deterrent power of nuclear weapons d. the advent of new housing structures d. a buildup of unconventional and known as dumbbell tenements guerrilla-warfare forces e. the lure of cultural excitement e. the rapid deployment of the navy and marines to trouble spots 38. As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary in 33. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) the ______, while Russia and France were in Boston Massacre, (B) Townshend Acts, (C) Tea the ______. Act, (D) Intolerable Acts. a. Central Powers; Holy Alliance a. A, B, C, D b. Central Powers; Triple Alliance b. D, B, C, A c. Allies; Central Powers c. C, B, D, A d. Triple Alliance; Central Powers d. B, A , C, D e. Central Powers; Allies e. A, C, D, B 39. President Franklin Roosevelt’s foreign-trade 34. Lewis and Clark’s expedition through the policy Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the a. lowered tariffs to increase trade following except b. encouraged trade only with Latin a. rich harvest of scientific observations America b. treaties with several Indian nations c. continued the policy that had persisted c. maps since the Civil War d. hair-raising adventure stories d. was reversed only after World War II e. knowledge of the Indians of the region e. sought protection for key U.S. industries 40. The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the 45. Labor unions favored immigration restriction following except because most immigrants were all of the a. U.S. agreement to abandon the following except American base at Guantanamo a. opposed to factory labor b. the removal of Nikita Khrushchev from b. used as strikebreakers power in the Soviet Union c. willing to work for lower wages c. a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba d. difficult to unionize d. an ambitious program of military e. non-English speaking expansion by the Soviet Union e. withdrawal of U.S. missiles in Turkey 46. The Progressive “Bull Moose” party died when a. Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the 41. One purpose of the Declaration of Independence party’s presidential candidate in 1916 was to b. Teddy Roosevelt lost the presidential a. warn other nations to stay out of the race in 1916 Revolution c. the United States entered World War I b. ask for an end to slavery d. the Republican candidate, Charles c. appeal for fairer treatment by Evans Hughes, advocated the same Parliament programs as Roosevelt d. explain to the rest of the world why the e. Woodrow Wilson won over most Bull colonies had revolted Moose voters e. condemn Parliament for its actions 47. America’s neutrality effectively ended when 42. The battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor a. defeat of the British b. Germany attacked Poland b. a Shawnee loss and a Creek victory c. the conscription law was passed in 1940 c. a declaration of war by the United d. France fell to Germany States on Great Britain e. Italy “stabbed France in the back” d. the expulsion of the British from Florida 48. During Ronald Reagan’s presidency, United e. William Henry Harrison becoming a States troops invaded national hero a. Cuba b. Nicaragua 43. “Civil Disobedience,” an essay that later c. Grenada influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin d. El Salvador Luther King, Jr., was written by the e. all of the above transcendentalist a. Louisa May Alcott 49. The major issue that delayed ratification of the b. Ralph Waldo Everson Articles of Confederation concerned c. James Fenimore Cooper a. taxation d. Margaret Fuller b. tariff policy e. Henry David Thoreau c. monetary policy d. western lands 44. The Southern cause was weakened by e. monetary standards a. the concept of states’ rights that the Confederacy professed 50. When the United States entered the War of 1812, b. a president, Jefferson Davis, who it was catered to public opinion and did not a. militarily unprepared work hard at his job b. allied with France c. the failure of the Southern people to c. united in support of the war commit to the ideal of Southern d. fortunate to have a strong and assertive independence commander in chief d. a lack of sound military leadership e. New England that pushed for the e. the constant threat of slave rebellion conflict 51. Most white southerners were c. secured passage of the Voting Rights a. planter aristocrats Act b. small slave-owners d. journeyed south to support the c. merchants and artisans registration of black voters d. “poor white trash” e. ordered the immediate desegregation of e. non slave-owning subsistence farmers schools

52. In the Civil War, the South won the battle of 57. Shays’ Rebellion was provoked by a. Vicksburg a. fear that the Articles of Confederation b. Bull Run had created too strong a national c. Gettysburg government for the United States d. Atlanta b. efforts by wealthy merchants to replace e. Lookout Mountain the Articles of Confederation c. a quarrel over the boundary between 53. By 1900, advocates of women’s suffrage Massachusetts and Vermont a. argued that women’s biology gave them d. foreclosures on the mortgages of a fundamentally different character backcountry farmers from men e. the government’s failure to pay bonuses b. temporarily abandoned the movement to Revolutionary War veterans for the vote c. formed strong alliances with African- 58. The Era of Good Feelings Americans seeking voting rights a. was characterized by the absence of any d. argued that the vote would enable serious problems women to extend their roles as mothers b. was noted for cooperation between the and homemakers to the public world Democratic and Republican parties e. insisted on the inherent political and c. marked a temporary end to sectionalism moral equality of men and women d. was a troubled period e. saw the start of the Whig party 54. The United States declared war on Germany a. in response to demands by American 59. Arrange the following in chronological order: munitions makers (A) the founding of the American Colonization b. as a result of treaty obligations Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, (C) c. because Wall Street bankers demanded Liberty party it a. A, B, C d. after Mexico signed an alliance with b. C, A, B Germany c. B, C, A e. after German U-boats sank four d. A, C, B unarmed American merchant vessels e. C, B, A

55. The conquest of ______was especially 60. Slavery was legally abolished in the United important, because from there Americans could States by the conduct round-trip bombing raids on the a. Union victory over the Confederates at Japanese home islands. Gettysburg a. Guadalcanal b. surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to b. Wake Island Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox c. New Guinea c. Emancipation Proclamation d. Okinawa d. statutes of the individual states e. Guam e. Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution 56. John Kennedy joined hands with the civil rights movement when he 61. The buffalo were nearly exterminated a. sent federal marshals to protect the a. as a result of being overhunted by the Freedom Riders Indians b. ordered the FBI to remove the wiretap b. by the trains racing across the Great from Martin Luther King, Jr.’s phone Plains c. when their meat became valued in e. Buttemuts eastern markets d. by disease 67. Texas was annexed to the United States as a e. through wholesale butchery by whites result of a. Senate approval of the Treaty of 62. Woodrow Wilson’s ultimate goal at the Paris Annexation Peace Conference was to b. President Tyler’s desire to help his a. stop the spread of communism troubled administration b. blame no one for starting the war c. a presidential order by Andrew Jackson c. force Germany to pay reparations for d. the Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo the war e. a compromise to admit free-state Iowa d. establish the League of Nations at the same time e. create new national states in Europe 68. President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction 63. The spending of enormous sums on the original a. differed radically from Lincoln’s atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief b. guaranteed former slaves the right to that vote a. nuclear weapon was the only way to c. required that all former Confederate win the war states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment b. the Germans might acquire such a d. establish literacy tests for voting in the weapon first South c. the Japanese were at work on an atomic e. took away the right to vote from bomb project of their own Confederate leaders and wealthy d. scientists like Albert Einstein might be planters lost to the war effort e. The American public would not tolerate 69. One problem with the Homestead Act was that the casualties that would result from a a. public land was sold for revenue land invasion of Japan b. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce 64. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 Great Plains accomplished all of the following except c. Midwestern farmers had to give up a. creation of the Equal Employment raising livestock because of stiff Opportunity Commission competition with the West b. prohibiting discrimination based on d. the railroads purchased most of this gender land c. banning sexual as well as racial e. it took several years to earn a profit discrimination from farming d. banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public 70. The Immigration Act of 1924 was formulated to e. requiring “affirmative action” against impose immigration quotas based on discrimination a. economic skills b. literacy 65. In 1775, most of the population in the American c. religious beliefs colonies d. nationality a. lived east of the Allegheny Mountains e. family status b. lived in rural areas c. was under twenty-five years of age 71. The feminist revolt of the 1960s was sparked by d. was of predominantly English stock a. the continued exclusion of most women e. was of non-English stock from the workplace b. growing domination of the service 66. Settlers from the South who moved into the Old sector of the economy, where most Northwest territory were known as women were employed, by the a. Yankees industrial and manufacturing sectors b. carpet baggers c. Congress’s failure to pass the Equal c. planters Rights Amendment d. slave holders d. a clash between the demands of the 76. The Black Codes provided for all of the traditional role of women as wives and following except mothers and the realities of employment a. a ban on jury service by blacks e. dismay at the image of women in b. punishment of blacks for idleness advertising c. a bar on blacks from renting land d. voting by blacks 72. By the 1990s the traditional family unit was e. fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts disintegrating because a. the divorce rate had increased 77. The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like b. the number of single-parent households the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 had risen shape up as c. parent-substitutes had assumed the role a. a battle between down-and-out workers and of child-rearing farmers and establishment conservatives d. the family no longer served many of its b. a conflict between the insurgent traditional social functions Populists and the two established e. all of the above political parties c. a sectional conflict with the West 73. Under the Articles of Confederation aligned against the Northeast and South a. a unicameral Congress was to be the d. a contest over the power of the federal chief agency of national government government to manage a modern b. there was no executive branch of industrial economy like the United national government States c. each state remained essentially e. a clash of cultures between ordinary sovereign middle-class Americans and European- d. major legislation required a two-thirds oriented radicals and reformers vote to pass Congress e. a strong national judiciary was 78. The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered on the established issue of a. progressive education 74. At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine b. schools’ efforts to create socially useful adults was c. teachers’ membership in the Ku Klux Klan a. incapable of being enforced by the d. teaching evolution in public schools United States e. prayer in the public schools b. greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South America 79. The origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental c. universally acclaimed in Britain as a disagreement between the United States and the great act of statesmanship Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in d. welcomed with relief by European a. North Africa powers who feared British power in the b. East Asia Western Hemisphere c. the Middle East e. opposed by the Whig party d. the Third World e. Eastern Europe 75. When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk 80. During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon a. advocated taking all of Mexico Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its b. found that he could trust dethroned charter, to Mexican dictator Santa Anna a. lead an invasion of Cambodia c. hoped to fight a limited war, ending b. spy on domestic antiwar protestors with the conquest of California c. infiltrate FBI headquarters d. supported a large-scale conflict d. help destabilize the government of Thailand e. denied any intention of expanding e. protect pro-war presidential candidates slavery

END OF SECTION I UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time – 45 minutes) Percent of Section II score – 45

Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Documents A-H and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period.

1. Using your knowledge of the era and the following documents, assess the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on society and legislation of the late 20th century.

Document A Source: Transcript of Executive Order 10730: Desegregation of Central High School (1957)

EXECUTIVE ORDER 10730

PROVIDING ASSISTANCE FOR THE REMOVAL OF AN OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE WITHIN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS

WHEREAS on September 23, 1957, I issued Proclamation No.3204 reading in part as follows:

"WHEREAS certain persons in the state of Arkansas, individually and in unlawful assemblages, combinations, and conspiracies, have willfully obstructed the enforcement of orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas with respect to matters relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools, particularly at Central High School, located in Little Rock School District, Little Rock, Arkansas; and

"WHEREAS such willful obstruction of d justice hinders the execution of the laws of that State and of the United States, and makes it impracticable to enforce such laws by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings; and

"WHEREAS such obstruction of justice constitutes a denial of the equal protection of the laws secured by the Constitution of the United States and impedes the course of justice under those laws:

"NOW, THEREFORE, I, DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, President of the United States, under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code, particularly sections 332, 333 and 334 thereof, do command all persons engaged in such obstruction of justice to cease and desist therefrom, and to disperse forthwith;" and

WHEREAS the command contained in that Proclamation has not been obeyed and willful obstruction of enforcement of said court orders still exists and threatens to continue:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10, particularly sections 332, 333 and 334 thereof, and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, It is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Defense to order into the active military service of the United States as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this Order, any or all of the units of the National Guard of the United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States within the State of Arkansas to serve in the active military service of the United States for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders.

SEC. 2. The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to take all appropriate steps to enforce any orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas for the removal of obstruction of justice in the State of Arkansas with respect to matters relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools in the Little Rock School District, Little Rock, Arkansas. In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use the units, and members thereof, ordered into the active military service of the United States pursuant to Section 1 of this Order.

SEC. 3. In furtherance of the enforcement of the aforementioned orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use such of the armed forces of the United States as he may deem necessary.

SEC. 4. The Secretary of Defense is authorized to delegate to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, any of the authority conferred upon him by this Order.

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER THE WHITE HOUSE, September 24, 1957.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=89&page=transcript

Document B Source: Excerpt from Brown v. Board of Education ruling (1954)

We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. This disposition makes unnecessary any discussion whether such segregation also violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Because these are class actions, because of the wide applicability of this decision, and because of the great variety of local conditions, the formulation of decrees in these cases presents problems of considerable complexity. On reargument, the consideration of appropriate relief was necessarily subordinated to the primary question -- the constitutionality of segregation in public education. We have now announced that such segregation is a denial of the equal protection of the laws. In order that we may have the full assistance of the parties in formulating decrees, the cases will be restored to the docket, and the parties are requested to present further argument on Questions 4 and 5 previously propounded by the Court for the reargument this Term The Attorney General of the United States is again invited to participate. The Attorneys General of the states requiring or permitting segregation in public education will also be permitted to appear as amici curiae upon request to do so by September 15, 1954, and submission of briefs by October 1, 1954.

It is so ordered.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=87&page=transcript

Document C Source: Transcript of Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948)

Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity In the Armed Forces.

WHEREAS it is essential that there be maintained in the armed services of the United States the highest standards of democracy, with equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country's defense:

NOW THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, and as Commander in Chief of the armed services, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.

2. There shall be created in the National Military Establishment an advisory committee to be known as the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, which shall be composed of seven members to be designated by the President.

3. The Committee is authorized on behalf of the President to examine into the rules, procedures and practices of the Armed Services in order to determine in what respect such rules, procedures and practices may be altered or improved with a view to carrying out the policy of this order. The Committee shall confer and advise the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force, and shall make such recommendations to the President and to said Secretaries as in the judgment of the Committee will effectuate the policy hereof.

4. All executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government are authorized and directed to cooperate with the Committee in its work, and to furnish the Committee such information or the services of such persons as the Committee may require in the performance of its duties.

5. When requested by the Committee to do so, persons in the armed services or in any of the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Governemt shall testify before the Committee and shall make available for use of the Committee such documents and other information as the Committee may require.

6. The Committee shall continue to exist until such time as the President shall terminate its existence by Executive order.

Harry Truman The White House July 26, 1948

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=84&page=transcript

Document D Source: Excerpt from Transcript of Voting Rights Act (1965)

SEC. 2. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.

SEC. 3. (a) Whenever the Attorney General institutes a proceeding under any statute to enforce the guarantees of the fifteenth amendment in any State or political subdivision the court shall authorize the appointment of Federal examiners by the United States Civil Service Commission in accordance with section 6 to serve for such period of time and for such political subdivisions as the court shall determine is appropriate to enforce the guarantees of the fifteenth amendment (1) as part of any interlocutory order if the court determines that the appointment of such examiners is necessary to enforce such guarantees or (2) as part of any final judgment if the court finds that violations of the fifteenth amendment justifying equitable relief have occurred in such State or subdivision: Provided, That the court need not authorize the appointment of examiners if any incidents of denial or abridgement of the right to vote on account of race or color (1) have been few in number and have been promptly and effectively corrected by State or local action, (2) the continuing effect of such incidents has been eliminated, and (3) there is no reasonable probability of their recurrence in the future.

(b) If in a proceeding instituted by the Attorney General under any statute to enforce the guarantees of the fifteenth amendment in any State or political subdivision the court finds that a test or device has been used for the purpose or with the effect of denying or abridging the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color, it shall suspend the use of tests and devices in such State or political subdivisions as the court shall determine is appropriate and for such period as it deems necessary.

(c) If in any proceeding instituted by the Attorney General under any statute to enforce the guarantees of the fifteenth amendment in any State or political subdivision the court finds that violations of the fifteenth amendment justifying equitable relief have occurred within the territory of such State or political subdivision, the court, in addition to such relief as it may grant, shall retain jurisdiction for such period as it may deem appropriate and during such period no voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting different from that in force or effect at the time the proceeding was commenced shall be enforced unless and until the court finds that such qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure does not have the purpose and will not have the effect of denying or abridging the right to vote on account of race or color: Provided, That such qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure may be enforced if the qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure has been submitted by the chief legal officer or other appropriate official of such State or subdivision to the Attorney General and the Attorney General has not interposed an objection within sixty days after such submission, except that neither the court's finding nor the Attorney General's failure to object shall bar a subsequent action to enjoin enforcement of such qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure.

SEC. 4. (a) To assure that the right of citizens of the United States to vote is not denied or abridged on account of race or color, no citizen shall be denied the right to vote in any Federal, State, or local election because of his failure to comply with any test or device in any State with respect to which the determinations have been made under subsection (b) or in any political subdivision with respect to which such determinations have been made as a separate unit, unless the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in an action for a declaratory judgment brought by such State or subdivision against the United States has determined that no such test or device has been used during the five years preceding the filing of the action for the purpose or with the effect of denying or abridging the right to vote on account of race or color: Provided, That no such declaratory judgment shall issue with respect to any plaintiff for a period of five years after the entry of a final judgment of any court of the United States, other than the denial of a declaratory judgment under this section, whether entered prior to or after the enactment of this Act, determining that denials or abridgments of the right to vote on account of race or color through the use of such tests or devices have occurred anywhere in the territory of such plaintiff. An action pursuant to this subsection shall be heard and determined by a court of three judges in accordance with the provisions of section 2284 of title 28 of the United States Code and any appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court. The court shall retain jurisdiction of any action pursuant to this subsection for five years after judgment and shall reopen the action upon motion of the Attorney General alleging that a test or device has been used for the purpose or with the effect of denying or abridging the right to vote on account of race or color.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=100&page=transcript

Document E Source: Excerpt from Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964)

TITLE III--DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES SEC. 301. (a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that he is being deprived of or threatened with the loss of his right to the equal protection of the laws, on account of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in section 401 of title IV hereof, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress of desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section. The Attorney General may implead as defendants such additional parties as are or become necessary to the grant of effective relief hereunder.

(b) The Attorney General may deem a person or persons unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings within the meaning of subsection

(a) of this section when such person or persons are unable, either directly or through other interested persons or organizations, to bear the expense of the litigation or to obtain effective legal representation; or whenever he is satisfied that the institution of such litigation would jeopardize the personal safety, employment, or economic standing of such person or persons, their families, or their property.

SEC. 302. In any action or proceeding under this title the United States shall be liable for costs, including a reasonable attorney's fee, the same as a private person.

SEC. 303. Nothing in this title shall affect adversely the right of any person to sue for or obtain relief in any court against discrimination in any facility covered by this title.

SEC. 304. A complaint as used in this title is a writing or document within the meaning of section 1001, title 18, United States Code.

TITLE IV--DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION DEFINITIONS SEC. 401. As used in this title-- (a) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Education.

(b) "Desegregation" means the assignment of students to public schools and within such schools without regard to their race, color, religion, or national origin, but "desegregation" shall not mean the assignment of students to public schools in order to overcome racial imbalance.

(c) "Public school" means any elementary or secondary educational institution, and "public college" means any institution of higher education or any technical or vocational school above the secondary school level, provided that such public school or public college is operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or governmental agency within a State, or operated wholly or predominantly from or through the use of governmental funds or property, or funds or property derived from a governmental source.

(d) "School board" means any agency or agencies which administer a system of one or more public schools and any other agency which is responsible for the assignment of students to or within such system.

SURVEY AND REPORT OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

SEC. 402. The Commissioner shall conduct a survey and make a report to the President and the Congress, within two years of the enactment of this title, concerning the lack of availability of equal educational opportunities for individuals by reason of race, color, religion, or national origin in public educational institutions at all levels in the United States, its territories and possessions, and the District of Columbia.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=97&page=transcript

Document F- 101st Airborne Unit escorting the Little Rock Nine to class (1957)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:101st_Airborne_at_Little_Rock_Central_High.jpg Document G- Fire hoses being used against protesters in Birmingham, AL (1963)

http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u51/vkr_bibin/Life/Birmingham-3.jpg Document H Source: Statement by White Clergymen in the Birmingham News against Civil Rights Marches (1963)

We the undersigned clergymen are among those who, in January, issued “An Appeal for Law and Order and Common Sense,” in dealing with racial problems in Alabama. We expressed understanding that honest convictions in racial matters could properly be pursued in the courts, but urged that decisions of those courts should in the meantime be peacefully obeyed. Since that time there had been some evidence of increased forbearance and a willingness to face facts. Responsible citizens have undertaken to work on various problems which cause racial friction and unrest. In Birmingham, recent public events have given indication that we all have opportunity for a new constructive and realistic approach to racial problems. However, we are now confronted by a series of demonstrations by some of our Negro citizens, directed and led in part by outsiders. We recognize the natural impatience of people who feel that their hopes are slow in being realized. But we are convinced that these demonstrations are unwise and untimely. We agree rather with certain local Negro leadership which has called for honest and open negotiation of racial issues in our area. And we believe this kind of facing of issues can best be accomplished by citizens of our own metropolitan area, white and Negro, meeting with their knowledge and experience of the local situation. All of us need to face that responsibility and find proper channels for its accomplishment. Just as we formerly pointed out that “hatred and violence have no sanction in our religious and political traditions,” we also point out that such actions as incite to hatred and violence, however technically peaceful those actions may be, have not contributed to the resolution of our local problems. We do not believe that these days of new hope are days when extreme measures are justified in Birmingham. We commend the community as a whole, and the local news media and law enforcement in particular, on the calm manner in which these demonstrations have been handled. We urge the public to continue to show restraint should the demonstrations continue, and the law enforcement official to remain calm and continue to protect our city from violence. We further strongly urge our own Negro community to withdraw support from these demonstrations, and to unite locally in working peacefully for a better Birmingham. When rights are consistently denied, a cause should be pressed in the courts and in negotiations among local leaders, and not in the streets. We appeal to both our white and Negro citizenry to observe the principles of law and order and common sense.

Bishop C.C.J. Carpenter, D.D., LL.D., Episcopalian Bishop of Alabama Bishop Joseph A. Durick, D.D., Auxiliary Bishop, Roman Catholic Diocese of Mobile, Birmingham Rabbi Milton L. Grafman, Temple Emanu-El, Birmingham, Alabama Bishop Paul Hardin, Methodist Bishop of the Alabama-West Florida Conference Bishop Nolan B. Harmon, Bishop of the North Alabama Conference of the Methodist Church Rev. George M. Murray, D.D., LL.D, Bishop Coadjutor,Episcopal Diocese of Alabama Rev. Edward V. Ramage, Moderator, Synod of the Alabama Presbyterian Church in the United States Rev. Earl Stallings, Pastor, First Baptist Church, Birmingham, Alabama... http://local.google.com/answers/threadview?id=431324 END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1

UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part B and Part C (Suggested total planning and writing time – 70 minutes) Percent of Section II score – 55

Part B

Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments clearly and logically.

2. For the period before 1750, analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society as illustrated in the following.  Legislative assemblies  Commerce  Religion

3. Discuss the impact of the “transportation revolution,” 1820 – 1860, on the United States. Part C

4. In what ways did economic conditions and developments in the arts and entertainment help create the reputation of the 1920's as the Roaring Twenties?

5. Assess the success of the United States policy of containment in Asia between 1945 and 1975.

END OF EXAMINATION