Chapter 27 a Rugged Terrain

Chapter 30 A Region of Extremes

I. Section 1 – Landforms and Resources A. Southeast Asia: Mainland and Islands 1. Lies on two peninsulas: Indochinese and Malay 2. Most islands found in the archipelagoes 3. Mountain ranges – Annamese Cordillera and Pacific Ring of Fire 4. Rivers – Mekong, begins in China and becomes a wide delta in Vietnam 5. Resources – fertile soil, fish and minerals B. Lands of the Pacific and Antarctica 1. Pacific Islands are called Oceania, more than 20,000 2. Two categories a. High Islands – created by volcanoes b. Low Islands – made by coral reefs 3. New Zealand – two main islands a. North Island – hilly ranges, volcanic plateau, fertile farmland, forests and natural harbors. b. South Island – 300 mile mountain range, Southern Alps 4. Flat Australia – smallest continent, few rivers and Great Barrier Reef 5. Icy Antarctica – 5th largest continent. Topography covered by sheet of ice that is largest supply of fresh water II. Section 2 – Climate and Vegetation A. Widespread Tropics 1. Year-round rains coast of Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Oceania 2. Wet and Dry Seasons - monsoons shape the weather 3. Tropical Plants – Southeast Asia has a great diversity of vegetation B. Bands of Moderate Climate 1. Hot summers, mild winters – east coast of Australia, a strip between the mountains and the coast. 2. Mild Summers, Cool Winters – New Zealand and parts of Australia’s east coast C. Hot and Cold Deserts 1. Arid Australia – 1/3rd of Australia is desert 2. The White Desert – Antarctica is earth’s coldest, driest continent III. Section 3 – Human-Environment Interaction A. Travelling the Pacific 1. Navigation Charts – people who settled the Pacific Islands came from Southeast Asia 2. Special Canoes – Pacific Islanders developed huge voyaging canoes and outrigger canoes for lagoons B. Invasion of the Rabbits 1. 24 rabbits were released in Australia in 1859, by 1900 there over one billion 2. Control measures – Imported foxes, infected them with a disease, built a fence and now trying a combination of all these methods C. Nuclear Testing 1. Tests in Bikini Atoll – U.S. testing site 2. Long-term effects – Bikini Islanders were exiled from their homeland because of the testing