The Yearly Grammar Review

The 8 Parts of Speech P of S Function/Job Example Words Example Sentences Noun A person, place, Pen, dog, work, This is my dog. He thing or idea music, town, lives in my house. teacher, house, We live in John, happiness London. Adjective Describes a a/an, the, 2, some, I have two dogs. noun good, big, red, My dogs are big. I well, interesting like big dogs. Pronoun Replaces a noun I, you, he, she, Tara is an some American. She is very young. Verb Action or state (to) be, have, do, Farmington is a of being like, sing, work, town. We live in can, must Farmington. Adverb Describes a verb, quickly, silently, My dog eats adjective, or well, badly, very, quickly. When he adverb really is very hungry, he eats very quickly. Preposition Links a noun to at, to, after, on, We went to another word before, around, of school for the first day on Thursday. Conjunction Joins clauses or and, but, for, nor, I like dogs, and I sentences or or, yet, so like fish. I like words (FANBOYS) dogs and fish. I like dogs, but I don’t like fish. Interjection Short Oh!, Ouch!, Hi!, Ouch! That hurts! exclamation and well Hi! How are you? sometimes can Well, I don’t be inserted into know. a sentence

Suffixes that help determine word types:

Noun – er, ian, ist, ness, ity, ion, ism, tude, ary, ery, ance, ence, ment,

Adjective – able, ible, ant, ent, ous, al, ic, ful, ed, less, y

Verb – ate, ed, en, fy, ize, ing

Adverb – ly, wise, ward

Added emphasis: Phrase/Clause Description Example Infinitive Verbal consisting of Everyone wanted the word plus a to go. verb and OR He lacked the functioning as a strength to resist. noun, adjective, or adverb. Appositive A noun or pronoun, My brother’s car, a often with sporty red modifiers, set convertible with beside another bucket seats, is the noun or pronoun to envy of my friends. explain or identify. OR A bold innovator, Wassily Kandinsky is known for his colorful abstract paintings. Gerund Verbal that ends in Traveling might –ing and functions satisfy your wish as a noun. for new experiences. OR Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we’re trying to do. Prepositional Function as She went to the modifiers and store to buy some complements of milk. noun phrases, OR adjective phrases, The squirrel and verb phrases jumped onto the branch. Participles Verbal that is used Children as an adjective and interested in most often end in music early –ing or -ed develop strong intellectual skills. OR Having been a gymnast, Lynn knew the importance of exercise.

Independent vs Dependent

An independent clause can stand alone: I left early enough to get tea this morning.

A dependent (subordinate) clause has a subject and verb but does not have the capacity to stand alone as a complete thought:

Because I left early enough this morning, I was able to get some tea.

KNOW the difference to avoid fragmented thoughts in your writing!

Simple sentence – one independent clause Compound sentence – two independent clause joined with a comma conjunction or semicolon. Complex sentence – one dependent clause in addition to on independent clause Compound complex – a minimum of two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause