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Table of Contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………………Page 2 History of the Committee……………………………………………….....Pages 2-3 Timeline……………………………………………………………………………..Page s 3-6 Country Profiles Permanent Five…………………………………………………………Pages 6- 12 Continuous Five………………………………………………………..Pages 12- 17 Rotating Member States…………………………………………..Pages 17-27 Bloc Positions…………………………………………………………………….Pages 27-28 Questions to Consider………………………………………………………..Page 28 What are Crisis Committees? …………………………………………….Page 29 Directives and Notes…………………………………………………………..Pages 29- 30 An Outline of Typical Crisis Committee Flow……………………….Page 31 Endnotes…………………………………………………………………………….Page 32 Introduction History of the Committee World War II was not only the most serious and Virulent pandemics are spreading, narco-trafficking critical period of global tumult in the modern era, and border violence are proliferating, in terms of a shifting paradigm in the global order, environmental agreements and climate stability are since the Napoleonic Wars. Even more importantly, deteriorating, nuclear technological capabilities are the war made evident, in ways the First World War expanding, and terror is unyielding. This is the year had failed to manifest, the interdependent nature 2033. of global security and the absolute need for a Although the United Nations has struggled to adapt global body in which diplomacy and statesmanship to current crises, significant steps have been made. could obviate the future of warfare. On 26 June The Security Council has added five new 1945, the League of Nations, the ineffectual permanent seats, albeit absent the veto power the predecessor of the global body framework, gave Permanent Five still enjoy, South America has way to the United Nations, its fifty founding embraced a European Union-style international members signing the U.N. Charter and establishing political system, the International Courts have on that day the commitment “to unite our strength received near-global recognition, and new to maintain international peace and security.”1 The economic climates have equaled the global field of Security Council, the highest operating body within power. Yet three separate climate conferences the United Nations, embodied that commitment to have failed to coalesce into any meaningful climate global security, an ambassadorial committee protocols, deemphasizing alternative energy predicated on the belief that in an increasingly research and nearly driving Middle Asia to a nuclear world, interdependence and discourse continent-wide war. The limited adaptive capacities could better mediate conflict than could a Third of industrializing nations have been made readily World War. apparent while tensions rise over scarce resources. The original Security Council included the Nuclear weapons technology has not only Permanent Five nations – China, France, Russia, the proliferated among states but also, in the most United Kingdom and the United States – pernicious of scenarios, among non-governmental empowering them with a veto power over any organizations and terrorist cells. Consequently, the resolution before the committee, and six rotating Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) struggles to members absent the absolute discretionary power remain relevant. Negotiations on international of the World War II hegemonic victors. An terrorism cooperatives imploded, leaving the global amendment to Article 23 of the U.N. Charter in community with no cohesive, comprehensive 1965 increased the number of rotating members to framework through which to combat the growing ten and instituted the standard nine-vote minimum internationality of terrorism. As a result, the for the passage of a resolution through the Counter-Terrorism Committee is overwhelmed by committee.2 The Security Council, whose the extent and innovations of terrorist cells. Finally, resolutions are the only mandates in the United drought, famine and endemic disease still plague Nations that bind member nations to their the most impoverished regions of the globe, enforcement, is charged in Article 39 of the U.N. sparking regional violence, destabilizing growing Charter with the maintenance or restoration of democracies in favor of tyrannical despotic control international peace and security.3 Since its over vital natural resources. inception in 1945 through its reformation in 2018, As the year 2033 opens, a myriad of threats keep 2478 resolutions have been issued by the Security the world in a state of international crisis with the Council in pursuit of that goal, holding together the potential to dissolve the very fabric of globalization international community with statesmanship, and international dependency on which the world peace-building operations and, in the most dire of has grown so accustomed. The Security Council, circumstances, the restoration of peace through while facing the increasingly daunting task of military force. maintaining international peace and security, One of the most poignant means by which the remains one of the last bulwarks of humanity to Security Council enacted its transformative powers the disillusion of the global community. on the global stage is in the construction of various At SWCHSMUN, the Futuristic Security Council will subsidiary committees and commissions through have an open agenda, and will operate which they have delegated significant power to predominantly as a crisis committee. combat threats to international peace and security. The U.N. Peacebuilding Commission, created by the resolution, adopted by the General Assembly in the General Assembly and the Security Council in 2005, same year, provided for the following reforms: is a body that assembles vital resources, propounds Membership of the Security Council was increased strategies for post-conflict regions, and works to to 20 member states, adding a new group of create a forum in which the relevant actors in a nations known as the Continuous Five (C-5). specific conflict have the space to formulate critical The C-5 nations, which are Brazil, India, South discourses on post-conflict reconstruction.4 The Africa, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia, have permanent Counter-Terrorism Committee of the Security seats with no individual veto power. Council was created in the aftermath of the attacks By unanimous vote of the C-5, a single Permanent on the U.S. of 11 September 2001 to aid member Five veto can be overturned, enabling the Security nations in building their capacity to prevent, Council to confront serious threats to international combat and obviate terrorism.5 The 1540 security on which a solitary veto stalls critical Committee under the Security Council was created action. in 2004 and serves to “prevent the proliferation of Akin to earlier reform efforts, Brazil, India and nuclear, chemical and biological weapons”6 and South Africa were granted continuous seats, as well further works to prevent non-state actors and as Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia, the one member organizations from acquiring these forms of nation from the Arab League. Though the size of warfare. Finally, the Security Council’s Sanctions the reform was small compared to other Committees provide the means by which the reconstruction proposals, the General Assembly Security Council can exert diplomatic and economic ensured that the highest and most powerful body pressure on member states to comply with Security in the United Nations now had the requisite tool Council resolutions without resorting to military for overturning an obstructing veto by a single force.7 Through its subsidiary commissions and permanent member. Unlike the earlier Security committees, the Security Council has expanded its Council, in which nine votes were necessary for ability to not only respond to crisis situations passage, the reformed Security Council requires demanding immediate resolute action, but has twelve affirmative votes to pass a resolution. enabled the body to prepare for larger, obstinately The reformed Security Council, serves as a pervasive threats to the global security climate. powerful impetus for global change on issues of The most serious evolution of the Security Council international security and threats to vital global in the 21st century has been its membership infrastructures, including global warming, energy, reformation and reconstruction, legislated and disease and terrorism. Staunch in its dedication to enacted in 2018. While the early period of reform maintaining the fragile peace built by decades of measures were dominated by the “In Larger committees, commissions, deliberations and Freedom”8 and “Uniting for Consensus”9 resolutions in the United Nations, the Security reformation plans, the failure for either plan, as Council stands prepared to defend the institution well as any of the smaller reform measures and the global network over which it serves as advocated by individual member nations, to tutelary guardian. coalesce as a viable reformative measure enabled the Security Council to escape reconstruction. Timeline Reform measures stalled until crisis provided the requisite impetus for reformation. In 2017, the 2015 Security Council received intelligence that Iran was March – Pandemic swine flu breaks out in El providing nuclear material to non-state groups Salvador, killing 15% of the population over a two accused of terrorism; consequently, the inability of year period; the flu begins to spread throughout the Permanent Five to concur on and produce an Latin America adequate and appropriate Council response drew June – Iran announces it has developed a nuclear into question the capacity of the Security Council to weapon with long-range capabilities; SC sanctions deal with crisis situations in which the Permanent Iran, deplores the development of the weapon Five had vested material and economic interests. In July – Israel officially announces it too has a nuclear 2018, the “Continuity of Security” Proposed weapon; US vetoes SC attempts to sanction Israel Resolution was introduced into the General December – US ratifies the Rome Statute, leads Assembly, marshaled by Brazil, Canada, China, effort for universal ratification France, Switzerland and the United States. The Russia; Russia accuses China of aiding Chechnya with weaponry 2016 July – the US economy crashes again with the fall February – swine flu pandemic spreads to the US of nearly a dozen Fortune 500 companies; the and Canada, leaving 10% of the North American global economy shudders in response population dead in six months March – Lebanese Hezbollah launches an attack on 2019 Israel; Israel responds aggressively, launching a January – 30 nation states now recognize Chechnya massive invasion into Lebanon, shutting down as an independent state communication out of Beirut April – United States Congress votes to add Puerto April – Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung of Viet Rico as a state (7 years after the referendum Nam assassinated; Deputy Prime Minister Pham question was posed to Puerto Ricans) Gia Khiêm quickly fills the vacancy May – the Latin American Trade Association is May – UN peacekeepers deploy in Lebanon; Israel formed; all nations in Central and Southern begins a staggered withdrawal from the country America join with the exception of Peru and El June – Discovery of rich petroleum wells in Salvador (Peru joins in 2022, El Salvador in 2026) northern Canada sparks a bidding war for her excess oil; OPEC worries about losing a large share 2020 of the Western market July – Russia agrees to a ceasefire with Chechnya November – President Omar Al-Bashir of Sudan August – The Climate Change Conference in Beijing found guilty of crimes against humanity, war meets to discuss the problems of climate change crimes, and genocide by the ICC, sentenced to life and the lack of a strong global response to the in prison issue; though the Conference produces a new Protocol for Environmental Protection, many 2017 environmental interest groups paint the January – Al-Qaeda detonates a small dirty bomb conference as a diplomatic and strategic failure in Los Angeles, blaming Hollywood for global moral December – China announces that it will not ratify deterioration; US arrests two Egyptian nationals, the Beijing Protocol due to the failure of the West, turns them over to the ICC for prosecution particularly the US, in aiding the nation with May – Armed conflicts between Chechen and infrastructure assistance and targeted reduction Russian soldiers break out along the border of aid; a large number of Asian nations follow suit, Chechnya leading French President Gargois to declare it a September – Chechen armed conflicts escalate global failure November – Information implicating Prime Minister Khiêm in the assassination of Dung leads 2021 to the subsequent resignation of Khiêm; Viet Nam February – UN Secretary-General Malcorra is descends into five years of political turmoil assassinated during a trip to Berlin to announce peacekeeping reforms 2018 March – Germany arrests and hands to the ICC February - North Korea launches an three Nigerian nationals whom they accuse of Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) with a orchestrating the assassination nuclear warhead that hits Hawaii, but fails to September – the worst drought in 50 years hits the detonate due to design failures; China responds by Horn of Africa; Somalia invades Eritrea to secure invading North Korea, arresting Kim Jong-un, and water supplies; UN Security Council demands the turning North Korea into a satellite state of China; cessation of violence Kim Jong-un delivered to ICC for prosecution; the US, wishing to avoid the outbreak of nuclear war, allows Chinese actions to help secure the region March – President Hillary Clinton orders the expansion of STAR WARS, the anti-ICBM system currently under research by the Pentagon 2022 April – Chechnya declares its independence from Russia; civil war erupts between Chechnya and February – the Security Council negotiates a peace elections, Kazakhs begin to riot, leading to the in the Horn of Africa; World Bank and IMF promise death of hundreds of ethnic Chinese; Russia and infrastructure loans China mobilize troops to their respective borders June – the Security Council acquires intelligence February – NATO lands peacekeeping forces to that Iran is supplying terrorist cells with nuclear establish a buffer zone between the Chinese and waste, capable of being developed into “dirty” the Russians bombs; the Security Council dissolves into fights between blocs March – Nuanez allows for free elections to elect a June – the US, Germany, UK, France and China new President; upon the election of Aranguren, he assemble in a clandestine conference (the recognizes the legitimacy of the elections and Marseille Conference) to decide how to proceed resigns as president; Aranguren announces with Iran; the nations decide to combine Venezuela will halt any attempt to develop its intelligence efforts and to undermine Iranian nuclear technology and further refuses to sell oil to nuclear capabilities Russia July – a nuclear explosion rocks southern Iran when August – US invades Congo to end epidemic tribal Operation Karzai successfully detonates a stockpile violence; first use of the Clinton Doctrine of nuclear supplies in Southern Iran; intelligence supporting interventions on humanitarian grounds suggests Iran halts cooperation with its terrorist November – Prime Minister Brady of the UK cells while it investigates and revamps its nuclear orchestrates a peace agreement between China, program Russia and Kazakhstan November – a South Korean firm announces it has developed a vaccine for the Human 2026 Immunodeficiency Virus , the precursor to the January – China warns that it will blame the US Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome should the violence in Congo expand beyond the nation’s boundaries; Russia vetoes an SC resolution 2023 that would place UN peacekeepers in the region March – the Latin American Trade Association March – American Free Trade Agreement crafted becomes the Latin American Union of Nations and implemented in the Americas, an expansion of (LAUN), modeled after the European Union system its predecessor treaty NAFTA of governance and international cooperation September – PM Brady is granted the Nobel Peace July – US economy shows positive signs of recovery Prize for her work in Kazakhstan from the 2018 economic crisis; the global economy takes four more years to recover to 2017 levels 2027 April – Mexico joins LAUN 2024 May – the US negotiates a new oil deal with January – Germany reveals intelligence that Russia Canada, shifting its oil reliance from Saudi Arabia to traded nuclear technology for oil rights in Canada; Saudi Arabia signs new oil contracts with Venezuela; LAUN faces its solidarity test as China in response Argentina and Brazil demand Venezuela to cease December – the UN Security Council declares efforts at nuclear development global warming to be a global threat to security and February – General Nuanez leads a coup d’etat in directs the GA to focus on finding a global response Caracas, arresting President Himenez and declaring himself the temporary leader of Venezuela; some 2028 reports suggest the US gave the uprising technical January – the US peacebuilding forces in the Congo support turn over control of operations to a joint UN-AU February – LAUN hosts a meeting in Lima to discuss taskforce; the operation is widely viewed in Africa the Venezuelan situation and Western Europe as a strategic success June – President Usilia of Colombia is assassinated 2025 by drug lords; the new President Jimenez diverts January – President Terimof of Kazakhstan is national drug war funds to his political cronies, assassinated; Prime Minister Isiamov assumes the allowing the drug trade to further flourish Presidency and immediately halts negotiations on a September – US DEA agents are taken hostage in Kazakh-Chinese pipeline; after being denied free Colombia and killed on national television; the US demands Jimenez take immediate action to crack down on drug production within the country 2032 April – in a surprise move, China sends in its own 2029 peacekeeping troops to coordinate operations with February – Israeli and Palestinian leaders meet in US forces in Cambodia; the US announces the joint Camp David to discuss the recognition of a taskforce will work to restore stability to the nation Palestinian state; the negotiations successful, May – a nuclear reactor explodes in eastern Iran; Palestine is recognized by the US, Europe, and a Iran blames US clandestine operations for the string of Latin American countries as a sovereign incident; Israel announces a national emergency nation on 26 February and mobilizes its forces in anticipation of an Iranian March – Hamas launches a series of attacks, invasion supported by Syria and Lebanon, against Israeli June – the US mobilizes two fleets to the Red Sea; sites; Israel responds by invading Syria and Saudi Arabia calls for an international conference bombing Lebanon; the US deploys troops to on nuclear stability and safety northern Israel, and Clinton negotiates a tentative September – a dirty bomb explodes in Jerusalem; peace treaty between the three nations hours later, a larger nuclear device is detonated in June – Most of the Middle Eastern bloc refuses to Tehran; the SC meets in an emergency session recognize Palestine or Israel, instead declaring the November – Iran, Israel, and the US meet in Cairo David Settlement to be illegal and demands the ICJ to discuss recent developments; all of NATO, LAUN, take the case and all nuclear powers urge the three to come to a November – the UN General Assembly votes to settlement before the nuclear desolation of the recognize Palestine and admits the nation as the Middle East newest member of the UN December – Israel leaves the Cairo Conference; the SC meets in an emergency session; Iran announces 2030 it has given control of its nuclear weapons to field July – China invades Taiwan after it elects a pro- commanders and overseas agents in the event of independence candidate; the US mobilizes its navy another attack on Tehran and announces its support of Taiwan; the UN Security Council is impotent and incapable of Country Profiles acting; NATO demands China’s withdrawal from Permanent Five Taiwan China August – Japanese Prime Minister Hirata In 2015, President Xi Jinping, in response to the negotiates for new free elections in Taiwan and resurgence of the H1N1 virus in Latin America, China’s withdrawal from the island orders a new national campaign on health care and August – China exposes American CIA involvement flu prevention. Furthermore, he reallocates funding in rigging the original elections in favor of the pro- for health care in order to extend significant grants independence candidate to private firms working in research and August – free elections are held in Taiwan, an anti- development for flu treatments and vaccines. In separatist is elected, and China retreats most of its the same year, China introduces a resolution in the army from the island, leaving a small contingent in Security Council condemning Israel and Iran for a new base on the northern shore of the territory their nuclear weapons programs. In 2016, President Xi Jinping sends a Chinese envoy to 2031 Canada to discuss exploration and drilling options January – the US announces its Sentinel program to in the Canadian north and opens discussions on be fully operational; further announces its intent to Chinese-Canadian oil partnerships. In early 2018, build stations in Eastern Europe and Canada China launched an invasion of North Korea February – China, Russia, and a number of Middle following the DPRK’s attack on the state of Hawaii; Eastern and African nations condemn the program after helping to secure the territory with the United and demand the US to cease building stations in States, China declared it would maintain a military Europe presence in the country to ensure the stability of September – US launches an invasion into the reconstruction process. In 2019, China Cambodia under the Clinton Doctrine with the recognized Chechnya as a state and opened backing of the NATO countries dialogue with Russia in order to pursue a lasting ceasefire and peace between the two countries. In oil rights were given to the Russian Federation. In 2020, responding to global pressure to reduce 2026, in response to the US’s intervention in the emissions and curtail environmentally dangerous Congo, China warned that she would hold the US industrial expansion, China hosted the Beijing responsible for warfare that spilled into Climate Conference in order to construct a new neighboring African nations, setting the precedent global protocol on climate change. Three months for Chinese military opposition to US after the protocol was drafted, China announced interventionist practices. In 2027, President Xi she would not be ratifying the treaty, citing Jinping failed to garner a petroleum treaty between Western failures in coming through with promised China and Canada, putting stress on China to find targeted reduction aid and infrastructure new sources to satiate her growing industrial oil assistance. demand. This failure to cement the China-Canadian In 2022, working with the US and her allies, China treaty led to President Xi Jinping’s loss of Chinese participated in a covert operation to destroy a Communist Party support in 2028. series of nuclear stockpiles located in southern President Tian Wu replaced Xi Jinping in 2028, Iran; the operation, successful in causing Iran to underlining China’s growing desperation in the cease discussions of sharing nuclear weaponry with search for oil. China failed to recognize Palestine in terrorist cells, led to a strengthening of defense 2029, fearful of losing support among Middle security alliances with the US, UK, France and Eastern OPEC nations. In 2030, following the Germany. By 2023, China’s economy had recovered election of a separatist leader in Taiwan, China from the 2018 global economic crisis and was on a invaded the island despite US warnings of possible path of steady growth. The recovery was credited military retaliation. As China and the US faced off in to President Xi Jinping’s leadership. In 2024, China Taiwan, China claimed that the Central Intelligence attended the Cairo conference, highlighting its Agency of the US had helped orchestrate election commitment to climate change cooperation as a fraud in Taiwan, leading to the electoral victory of part of a larger (Western-led) movement. President the separatists. In the resulting peace agreement, Xi Jinping, in the ensuing coup d’etat in Venezuela, China allowed Taiwan to hold new elections in indicates China’s willingness to work with Nuanez which the separatist movement was defeated. and legitimize him as president if a new oil deal can Furthermore, China established a new military base be reached. In the resulting election of President on the northern end of the island, which would Himenez, China lost ground in their negotiations prove to be a point of contention between China and further strained their relations with the new and the US over the next three years. In 2031, administration. Chinese-American tensions increased with the US announcement of a fully operational missile defense program and the US invasion of Cambodia. In 2032, China launched its own invasion into Cambodia under the pretext of aiding US forces in their peacebuilding efforts. In response to the nuclear attacks in Israel and Iran, China is forced to reopen dialogues with the US and Europe on possible solutions to the Iranian issue. As 2033 opens, China, despite much tension with the US delegation, meets in a clandestine conference with the US, France, Germany, UK and India to discuss possible covert solutions to the evolving nuclear threat in Iran.

In 2025, citing concerns over the treatment of France ethnic Chinese minorities in Kazakhstan, China In 2010, French President Nicolas Sarkozy mobilized its military and militarized its border with rededicated France to nuclear energy, investing Kazakhstan, forcing Russia to react in kind. Through heavily in six new nuclear power plants to be built an agreement negotiated by the United Kingdom, throughout the country. In 2012, France elected China was able to construct a pipeline between François Hollande as their new President. In 2016, Kazakhstan and China, though the vast majority of the H1N1 virus outbreak in Europe struck French urban areas, resulting in Paris’s quarantine and the the French government sought to combat rising issuance of multiple directives limiting foreign unemployment in the north with its English immigration during the crisis. Hollande had Channel Tunnel Expansion Project (ECTEP), which committed the government to revamping the widened the existing motor roadway between the failing French healthcare system, which buckled UK and France. under the pressure of the H1N1 epidemic. In 2018, Due to public pressure and political infighting in the Bayrou focused government investment on several National Assembly, more than 25% of France’s new healthcare initiatives while creating a new nuclear power plants closed by 2026. With no tourism media strategy for Eastern Europe and the developed alternatives, France’s dependence on Americas. In early 2019, a vaccine emerged for the foreign oil rose dramatically over the decade that French H1N1 mutation. Millions of those still at risk followed. In late 2026, France covertly supplied of infection were saved. strategic military and economic aid to Georgia, whose oil development projects began to escalate tension between the republic and Russia. In 2027, France elected Democratic Party candidate Karil Gawel, who pledged to strengthen France’s international influence as a player on the global stage. As the US continued with its successful Clinton Doctrine and revolts erupted in Asia and Africa, President Gawel increased military and defense spending in 2028, causing protests to break out in universities across France. In 2029, France began to experience expansive economic growth, allowing Gawel to pledge French troops to UN peacekeeping missions without diminishing his domestic prestige. In 2030, France In 2020, Bayrou increased spending on alternative brokered a peaceful settlement between Georgia energy and nuclear power, cut regulatory barriers, and Russia over new oil pipelines, resulting in a and declared the construction of nuclear plants to greater French market share for Georgian oil and a be a “national priority.” In 2021, a nuclear decreased dependence on Middle Eastern sources. meltdown at the plant in Civaux resulted in a In 2032, France deployed peacebuilding forces to localized explosion and contaminating more than the Congo, where UN forces were overwhelmed by two million French citizens. President Hollande lost recent outbreaks of tribal warfare. At the end of his election in 2022 in the largest landslide in 2032, France elected her first female president, French history, leading to the election of Union for Charlotte Chilac, an ardent militarist and staunch a Popular Movement (UMP) candidate Philippe supporter of French identity preservation through Traesi. In 2023, President Traesi pressured the international action. France enters 2033 with an National Assembly into increasing government eye towards greater involvement in international spending on defense amid a rise in fundamentalist affairs, preferably as a mediator, but also as a Islamic rhetoric in immigrant communities. military power if circumstances require such action. In 2023, France’s economy lacked the growth experienced by most of the rest of the European Russia Union, leading President Traesi to create In 2015, President Vladimir Putin harshly “investment-worthy” projects in the energy and condemned the proliferation of nuclear weaponry health industries. These projects, which succeeded announced by Israel and Iran and instructed his UN in attracting foreign investment and strengthening ambassador to sponsor a Security Council diplomatic relations with China and Japan, were resolution enacting sanctions on both nations; credited as some of Traesi’s greatest achievements. though the sanctions on Israel were vetoed by the The year 2024 saw France recommit itself to safe US, the resolution sanctioning Iran passed alternative energy at the Cairo Conference, where unanimously. In 2016, Russia announced the they worked closely with the United Kingdom and construction of three new oil pipelines, including a Egypt to form new ways of combating domestic refining station depot near its border with the and international environmental issues. In 2025, Black Sea. In 2017, President Putin ordered the Russian military into Chechnya to quell the Council resolution that would be put UN spreading revolts; Amnesty International reports peacekeepers in the Congo, citing opposition to the widespread human rights violations, including US Clinton Doctrine implementation. In 2027, torture, murder and rape. Russia declared global warming to be a global In 2018, President Putin deplored the expansion of security concern and urged the G-8 to form its own the SENTINEL program of the United States, climate change agenda to combat global issues. declaring it to be a virtual declaration of future imperialistic expansion. In the same year, Putin ordered the full Russian military into Chechnya to fight in the civil war in the region; furthermore, in a Security Council meeting two weeks after the invasion, the Russian UN ambassador publically accused China of supplying Chechen rebels with military aid, practically bringing the two ambassadors to fisticuffs. In 2019, the Russian military had still yet to quell the revolt in Chechnya, instead facing massive desertions and food shortages. In 2020, President Putin, facing an unpopular civil war and global pressure to recognize Chechen independence, signed a ceasefire with the Chechen state and recognized In 2029, Russia declined to recognize Palestine, their sovereignty; later that year, facing massive instead awaiting popular referendum in the region unpopularity, Putin resigned, bringing Prime to declare itself sovereign. In 2030, Russia Minister Viktor Makarov to the presidency. clandestinely agreed to recognize Taiwan should In 2021, President Makarov announced a series of the state succeed in securing European and US domestic reforms aimed at strengthening the support for independence, sparking a dark Russian military infrastructure and retraining her diplomatic war between Russia and China as the ground forces, a move condemned by Eastern two attempted to secure their interests in the European nations as aggressive warmongering island. posturing. In 2022, Russia announced its support In 2031, Russia sponsored a General Assembly for Security Council reform, supporting the bid of resolution condemning the United States for Saudi Arabia as a member of the Continuous-5 bloc implementing its SENTINEL program; in the same as a representative of the Middle East. In 2023, year, President Makarov increased funding for their President Makarov announced the launch of three own defense shield, launching two more satellites new Russian satellites as part of the Russian anti- into space. In 2032, Russia urged the Security missile defense shield, prompting the US Congress Council to address the Israeli and Iranian nuclear to increase funding for their own defense program. crises, urging the United States to rescue itself In 2023, President Makarov attempted to trade from the Council as it addressed Israeli aggression. nuclear technology for an oil deal with Venezuela, a Currently, Russia is crusading against nuclear use in negotiation publicized and widely condemned by the Middle East, demanding that Israel and Iran the global community; with the fallout from the completely dismantle their nuclear arsenals. deal and no comprehensive oil agreement, Russia began exploring oil supplies near the Ukraine. In United Kingdom 2025, following the assassination of President In 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron Terimof of Kazakhstan, Russia ordered its troops to recommitted the United Kingdom to development its border with Kazakhstan, deploying its soldiers in on the African continent, increasing the UK’s a peacekeeping mission to ensure that its foreign aid budget and expanding the scope of its impending oil deal would be fully realized; after healthcare and infrastructure mission. In 2011, facing head-to-head with Chinese troops in the Prime Minister Cameron also declared a campaign Kazakh region, Prime Minister Brady of the United to increase public participation in government, Kingdom negotiated a successful settlement. particularly among the young. The campaign, In 2021, President Makarov ordered his UN largely successfully in Scotland and the Low Ambassador to veto a United States Security Counties, resulted in an increased focus on Working alongside China, the United States, volunteerism and the needs of the poor. France, and Germany, the UK participated in In the 2015 elections, the Liberal Democratic Party clandestine operations to destroy nuclear weapons won in a surprising upset, leading to the stockpiles in southern Iran. In 2023, the United appointment of Nick Clegg as Prime Minister. In Kingdom managed to reduce its petroleum 2017, a mutated form of the swine flu struck the dependency drastically with the advent of various United Kingdom, hitting the crowded urban cities “green” solutions, including an efficient and of Edinburgh, London, Bristol, and Belfast, inexpensive hydro-electric car. In 2024, the United especially hard. Prime Minister Clegg declared the Kingdom led discussions at the Cairo Climate United Kingdom in a state of medical emergency. Conference on how best to reduce industrial Authorities implemented a quarantine system that dependence on petroleum and emerged as the soon isolated 8.5% of the population into small, leading voice on strategic energy independence. segregated communities. Before a working vaccine In late 2024, PM Vincent Gable was forced to resign was discovered and distributed in the beginning of amid allegations of multiple sex scandals, leading 2018, nearly two million British citizens had to the election of Liberal Democrat Millicent Brady. succumbed to the flu. Prime Minister Brady’s first major crisis came with Shortly after the attack upon the United States by the armed tensions over Kazakhstan in 2025. Her North Korea, the United Kingdom increased its successful negotiation of peace between China and defense spending considerably, working to develop Russia over oil-rich Kazakhstan led to her Nobel a missile defense shield alongside US contractors. Peace Prize award in 2026. In late 2026, the United In 2019, Prime Minister Clegg further promoted Kingdom began to imitate the United States’ progressive domestic movements including the interventionist policy and launched an intervention expansion of youth programs and the legalization of its own into Darfur, where violence had begun to of same-sex marriage. Two months before the reemerge. The UK followed with a pledge to ensure Beijing Climate Conference in 2020, Parliament the economic and social restructuring of its former passed the Modern Industries Act, which set aside provincial demesne. In 2027, the United Kingdom millions of pounds for the reduction of greenhouse proposed a Security Council resolution declaring gas emissions and the development of new global warming and climate change to be security- alternative energy techonologies. In 2021, the UK related concerns deserving of the Council’s revolutionized nuclear energy technology and attention and the increased focus of the General processes for the safe elimination of nuclear waste. Assembly. It became the leading European nation in the The United Kingdom recognized Palestine as a “green” movement. sovereign nation in 2029, signing a bi-lateral treaty with the new country over terms for British foreign aid and infrastructure support. In 2030, Prime Minister Brady failed in her attempts at negotiating the withdrawal of Chinese military forces from Taiwan, a failure that later culminated in her resignation from office and the promotion of Janet Royall to the post of Prime Minister. In 2031, Prime Minister Royall voiced her support of the US missile defense system and advocated for the construction of several critical sites throughout Eastern Europe. A year later, nuclear attacks on Israel and Iran led the UK to pledge itself to the security of Palestine and a broader security of the region. The United Kingdom moves into 2033 with a militantly liberal Following Prime Minister Clegg’s fatal stroke, Prime Minster, a strong Liberal Democratic Vincent Gable was appointed Prime Minister in majority in Parliament, the leading voice on early 2022. A few short weeks later, King George environmental reform and energy independence, VII (the former Prince Charles) passed away, and a strong hand in the security and safety of the leading to the coronation of William, Prince of newest member of the global community. Wales, as King (He becomes King William V). United States Former Secretary of State Hilary Clinton was Barack Obama was elected the 44th President of elected as the nation’s first woman president in the United States in 2008. During the first term of 2016. In her first two years in office, President his presidency, his administration stewarded Clinton appointed two liberal-moderate justices to through Congress legislation for universal health the US Supreme Court that shifted its balance from care, credit reform, environmental regulation centrist to centrist-liberal. Following a series of safeguards, the withdrawal of US forces from Iraq, controversial court decisions, conservatives the repeal of the military’s Don’t Ask Don’t Tell dominated the 2018 midterm elections in a sweep policy, the signing of the Rome Statute, and the in which Republicans took back the House and expansion of foreign aid for health care and nearly missed taking control of the Senate. The disaster relief to Africa and Southeast Asia. Though economy began to fully recover from the crises of the threat of the H1N1 virus had waned after its 2018 after two years of Clintonian tax credits and introduction to the world in 2009, a mutated form public works legislation. President Clinton of the flu erupted across the United States in 2016. articulated in 2019 a new foreign policy doctrine With a burdened health care system and no (the Clinton Doctrine) that stated that the US could effective H1N1 vaccines available, there was no use military force to intervene in humanitarian way to stop the pandemic from killing nearly ten crises, the first time in history a government percent of the US population. In 2017, Al-Qaeda legitimized the use of military intervention purely detonated a dirty bomb in the city of Los Angeles, on humanitarian grounds. In early 2025, President California, killing two thousand people and Clinton ordered US forces into the Congo to halt contaminating thousands more. In 2018, Kim Jong- epidemic tribal violence, the first test case of the un of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Clinton Doctrine. Despite the prevalence of a (DPRK) launched an Intercontinental Ballistic conservative and reactionary mood across the Missile (ICBM) with nuclear capabilities at the state nation, President Clinton had won re-election in of Hawaii. However, with its underdeveloped 2020. Republicans retained control of the House technology, the missile failed to accomplish its and gained narrow control of the Senate. In 2026, intended purpose. Regardless, American President Clinton negotiated the expansion of government expanded the Sentinel Program, the NAFTA to extend, in limited economic spheres, to Pentagon’s missile defense system and, with the the Latin American Trade Association; the treaty, aid of Chinese forces, ousted Kim Jong-un and took known as the American Free Trade Agreement, control of the DPRK. In this volatile year of 2018, would later set precedent for large-scale free trade the nation’s economy, after slowly recovery from agreements in Africa and western Asia. In 2027, the the 2007-2008 financial crisis, collapsed once more, Democrats regained control of the Senate and causing unemployment and poverty levels to picked up seats in the House. Riding the skyrocket. Finally, in April of 2019, Puerto Rico was progressive swing, Congress (following European added as the 51st state in the United States examples throughout the 20-teens) legalized same- Congress while reactionary Republican leaders sex marriage in all of the United States. In 2028, US forced legislation that made English the official forces turned over control of the peace-building language of the USA. operation in the Congo to a joint UN-AU operational force. The intervention, though unpopular in the Middle East and parts of Asia, was largely viewed as a major success and a strong showing of moral leadership on the part of the United States. In 2028, Congress passed the 29th Amendment, eliminating the Electoral College in favor of a popular vote standard for the election of the President. The amendment was ratified by all 51 states except Texas and Idaho in early 2028. In that same year, Democratic Governor Gavin Newsom was elected President by an electoral landslide, taking back the House and gaining seats in the Senate. Two months after taking office in January of 2029, both President Newsom and Vice- the large South American nation, crippling local President Franken were assassinated in the Capital. governments and prompting President Rousseff to Six days after the assassinations, the Supreme declare martial law; as an upwards of 20 percent of Court ruled that the provisions of the Presidential the Brazilian population died from complications Succession Act of 1947 allowing the Speaker of the due to the virus, President Rousseff declared the House or the President Pro Tempore of the Senate healthcare and national guard infrastructure in to assume the Presidency were unconstitutional Brazil to be “pressing, critical crises” and asked her (neither were “officers” as defined by the Congress to pass new legislation reforming the Constitution and the Constitution prohibits one failing systems. person from serving in both the legislative and In 2018, the economy of Brazil succumbed to the executive branch). Secretary of State Richard global collapse, the new legislative programs Hanson, a Republican appointed by President folding and spending agendas cut as the nation Newsom to appease the vocal Republican minority, struggled to maintain its most basic of public was sworn in as President on 29 March 2030. Riots utilities. In 2019, Brazil joined the Latin America broke out in most major American cities and mass Trade Association; President Rousseff called the protests were staged in Washington, D.C. Under enormous pressure from Congress and state politicians, President Hanson appointed Senator Michael Rubio, a Democrat from California, as his vice-president. In 2031, President Hanson launched a major US invasion, under the Clinton Doctrine, into the nation of Cambodia, citing state- sanctioned killings and repressions of the right to practice religion as the instigating humanitarian grounds. In late 2032, President Hanson negotiated a bilateral treaty between Cambodia and the United States that would ensure US aid to help rebuild the country. Citing a lack of strong measures on the freedom of Cambodians to choose organization one of the best defenses against and practice their own religion, alongside concerns future global economic crises and urged all Latin over free press and free speech, the Senate tied 50- American nations to commit themselves to the 50 in their vote to ratify. Vice-President Rubio, the association. In 2019, despite falling approval ratings deciding vote, went against President Hanson and for her domestic programs, President Rousseff was rejected the treaty. The US enters 2033 with a reelected, and the Brazilian Republican Party divided government and a divided White House, an gained seats in the National Congress. In 2021, unsettled military presence in Cambodia, and President Rousseff sharply criticized China for its mounting public resentment against an unelected lack of commitment to fighting global warming and President. called for a more comprehensive climate change protocol. In 2022, Brazil praised the investment Continuous Five strategy made by South Korea in medical Brazil vaccination futures and lauded the discovery of the In 2015, President Dilma Rousseff harshly criticized HIV vaccine; consequently, President Rousseff the announcement made by Iran and Israel called on other Western nations to increase their regarding nuclear weapons capabilities and medical research programs and committed sponsored a resolution in the General Assembly for Brazilian pharmaceutical companies to the the formation of a new summit and treaty on production of the South Korean vaccine for international disarmament and nuclear distribution on the African continent. nonproliferation programs. In 2016, following her In 2023, Brazil sponsored and supported a General leading role in spearheading international support Assembly resolution that restructured the UN around new commitments to global disarmament Security Council to include five new continually- talks, President Rousseff gained unprecedented seated members; elected by the Latin American international media coverage for herself and her bloc to represent South American issues on the country. In 2017, the H1N1 virus spread throughout Council, Brazil hails the reform as ushering in a new era of United Nations leadership on the global law, as well as a global player in the fight to crack stage. In 2024, Ana Maria Rangel was elected as down on rampant nuclear armament through an the first woman president of Brazil; shortly increased commitment by the United Nations to following her election and the revelation that forceful disarmament. Venezuela sought nuclear weapons technology from Russia, President Rangel launched a campaign India against the Venezuelan military government and In 2015, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh demanded that Venezuela refuse to sign any oil condemned Israel and Iran for their proliferation of agreements with the Russian Federation and cease nuclear weapons technology and called for their proliferation of weapons technology or face peaceful disarmament. In 2016, India, suffering expulsion from the Latin American Union of from overpopulation and poor social services, Nations. announced a new Responsible Planning initiative, In 2025, President Rangel called the Russian- modeled after the One-Child policy in China. In Chinese conflict over Kazak oil the most serious 2017, India experienced a rash of small bombings threat to global security and further called on the along its border with Pakistan, prompting India to United Nations to draft more serious and directed demand for Pakistan to work to secure its border resolutions at finding alternative energy solutions and crackdown on terrorism within its country. In for the 21st century. In 2026, Brazil joined the 2018, Prime Minister Singh condemned the North American Free Trade Agreement, citing the intervention of China into the DPRK and denounced economic strength in global interdependence and their continual military presence in the region. praising the LAUN and Canada for their leadership In 2019, Pranab Mukherjee became the Prime in crafting the joint trade agreement. In 2027, Minister of India. Soon after being sworn in, India President Rangel, following the declaration of the recognized Chechnya as a sovereign nation, UN Security Council that global warming offering humanitarian aid for its war-ravaged constituted a global security threat, forced through provinces. During the year 2020, Prime Minister the National Congress legislation to toughen Mukherjee ordered increased border security on industrial pollution and emission standards and the Indian-Bangladeshi border in order to curtail piloted a new works program targeted at fixing the immigration of environmental refugees from current pollution crises and environment issues Bangladesh. In 2021, the H1N1 virus spread throughout Brazil. through northern India, killing more than 30 In 2028, President Rangel and her strong leadership percent of the poorest citizens across the region. In saw her reelected by popular vote. In 2029, Brazil 2022, India sharply criticized Iran for its nuclear announced a new proposed framework for tests, declaring the Islamic regime to be a threat to combating international border issues within the global safety and security. In 2023, in preparation Latin American Union of Nations, prompted by the for the upcoming climate conference, Prime drug violence in Colombia and the advancing Minister Mukherjee recommitted India to a future militarism in the Caribbean. In 2030, President of renewable energy and further committed its Rangel organized the formation of a LAUN industry to standards more stringent than those peacekeeping and peacebuilding organization outlined in the Beijing Protocol, casting itself as a capable of responding to international and leader on green energy and environmental domestic threats in Latin America. In 2031, measures. President Rangel held her term as President of the LAUN, expanding the role of the peacekeeping force and strengthening the commitment of member states to the expansion and codification of industrial and commercial law for the region. In 2032, President Rangel condemned the escalating violence in the Middle East and called on the LAUN to work towards sponsoring new global security initiatives within the General Assembly and in the UN Security Council. As the year 2033 opens, Brazil stands as a regional voice for increased incorporation of national militaries and codes of resolution to send United Nations peacekeepers to the country for the purpose of logistical and tactical support for the US invasion forces. In 2032, India announced its intention to propose a Security Council resolution sanctioning both Israel and Iran for their nuclear proliferation and further demanded that the Paris Conference produce a bilateral accord in order to maintain peace in the Middle East. In the same year, popular riots broke out as Prime Minister Maran announced the continued imprisonment of opposition leader Jayant Advani. As the year 2033 opens, the Indian government continues to face popular opposition In 2024, despite the attempts of the government to and widespread revolts as she urges the Security curtail its burgeoning population, the south of India Council to take a hard-line stance against nuclear experienced massive crop failure due to industrial proliferation in the Middle East. toxic waste mismanagement, leading to one of the largest food shortages in the history of the nation. Nigeria In 2025, India mobilized their troops to their border In 2015, Nigerian President Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe with China to prevent Chinese refugees from Jonathan condemns Israel and Iran for their flooding the northern territories; in the same year, proliferation of nuclear weapons technology and Prime Minister Mukherjee introduced anti- joins Brazil and Germany in calling for a new treaty immigrant edicts to curtail the further erosion of on nuclear proliferation. After being reelected in vital social institutions destabilized by porous 2016, he led a national campaign against border policies. In 2027, India experienced corruption, a campaign that culminated in 2017 increased salinization of their southern and with the arrest of his vice-president. President western farmlands as industrial standards set by Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan continued the government failed to manifest in real progress, Nigeria’s high economic growth with diversification leading to mass starvation. programs and investments in industry, often at the In 2028, India sponsored a Security Council expense of the environment. resolution aimed at combating global drug With the collapse of the global market in 2018, trafficking as it pertains to terrorism, citing Nigeria entered a recession that led to mass-scale Colombian cocaine and trans-Pakistani heroin riots and demands for strong government trades as obstacles to global security. In 2029, the intervention. In late 2018, the government election of Prime Minister Dayanidhi Maran was launched a series of public works programs aimed marred by allegations of corruption and election at boosting industry, tourism, and the fraud, leading opposition leaders to call for election entertainment sectors. The programs, massively monitors and a new vote. However, oath-taking popular and widely successful at growing small ceremonies were still carried out. Later in 2029, businesses and attracting foreign investment, were Prime Minister Maran refused to recognize the hallmark of the presidency of Goodluck Palestine, citing concerns over the legitimacy of Jonathan. In 2019, Nigeria recognized Chechnya as Palestinian representation at the Camp David an independent state and pushed for recognition of negotiations. In 2030, Prime Minister Maran the new country by the UN General Assembly. mobilized Indian troops to the Chinese-Indian In 2020, Anyim Pius Anyim was elected President border, citing the Chinese militarization of Taiwan and the People’s Democratic Party gained seats in as an aggressive threat to the stability of the the House, reflecting their widespread popular region. support in the wake of Nigeria’s economic crisis. In In 2031, Prime Minister Maran cracked down on 2021, President Anyim urged the African Union to opposition leaders still alleging a corrupt election, take serious action to aid in the relief of Horn of jailing his dissidents and declaring martial law in Africa nations, stressing continental unity, and Dubai and Bombay. In the same year, India further appeals to the World Bank for aid in the announced its support for the American invasion of region. Six months later, President Anyim, in the Cambodia and proposed a Security Council wake of the nuclear explosion in Iran, echoed again the need for international cooperation in the the nation at odds with many nations in the Middle elimination of nuclear weapons and stressed the East and Northern Africa. In the wake of the vast danger of nuclear stockpiles. nuclear attacks in 2032 against Israel and Tehran, In 2023, Nigeria launched another campaign to Nigeria joined Saudi Arabia in calling for a fight corruption; though less successful than its conference on nuclear energy and proliferation and predecessor, the campaign helped assure foreign demanded that nuclear proliferation be seriously investors of Nigeria’s commitment to the political addressed by the global community as a pressing process and transparency. security concern. As the year 2033 opens, President Furthermore, as Security Council reform advanced Offasa leads the charge against nuclear legislative in the United Nations, Nigeria championed itself as apathy in the West and demands that the Security the “voice of the African continent” on the UN’s Council take up the issue of errant nuclear highest committee. As the conference in Cairo technology in the global security framework. approached, Nigeria further committed itself to environmental protection and green technology, Saudi Arabia pledging itself to lower its industrial carbon In 2015, King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud met footprint. President Anyim won his reelection with President Obama of the United States at Camp campaigning on those climate changes promises. David to discuss the future of Saudi-American In 2025, Nigeria called upon China and Russia to relations in the context of oil, terrorism, and a new come to peaceful terms in Kazakhstan, raising the world economy. Fourteen months after the Camp issue in the UN General Assembly and attempting David discussions, Canada announced the discovery to spark discussion within the Security Council. of new petroleum wells in its northern regions, Nigeria abstained from the Security Council leading OPEC to hold an emergency session to resolution in 2027 declaring climate change to be a discuss the future of the western oil market. Saudi global security threat, claiming instead that the Arabia emerged from these talks as the chief issue deserved to be discussed by larger and more diplomatic agent entrusted with securing US and specialized bodies. European commitments to OPEC oil. Though King Abdullah solidified his relationship with President Obama and Secretary of State Clinton, the Los Angeles terrorist bombing in 2017 by members of Al-Qaeda created massive backlash against Muslims and Arabs in the US and Western Europe. These were accompanied by numerous protests in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. In 2018, the Saudi Arabian economy was hit hard by the second collapse of the US economy, forcing King Abdullah to strengthen ties with the Latin American and North African communities. In the same year, King Abdullah died after suffering a massive heart attack, leading Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud to assume the title of King; more In 2028, Nigeria pledged troops to the UN-AU conservative and less pro-West than his father, operation in the Congo, declaring the intervention King Faisal pulled out of a multi-lateral conference of the US to have advanced humanitarianism and with the US, Canada, and Venezuela, and brought about a new level of Western-African concentrated instead on further diversifying the cooperation. This year also saw the election of nation’s oil consumer base. During 2019 and 2020, President Kena Offasa, a strong supporter of Saudi Arabia proceeded to recognize Chechnya and President Anyim and a staunch advocate of the pledged foreign aid to its developing government, rights of industry and business in Nigeria. straining the country’s relationship with Russia. In 2029, Nigeria indicated its willingness to King Faisal further increased the nation’s already recognize Palestine, a position that brought it to considerable foreign aid budget, particularly for odds with many of its peers in OPEC. In 2031, countries in Northern Africa and Southeast Asia. President Offasa refused to condemn the US for its Furthermore, he focused on improving Saudi missile defense program, a position that again put Arabia’s economic and diplomatic relationships with Brazil, India, and Nigeria. The king’s brother review the settlement. In 2030, pro-democracy Hassan, Ambassador to the United Nations, worked movements resurfaced in Riyadh and Dammam, to increase Saudi Arabia’s presence and stature leading King Faisal to institute harsher speech laws within the UN and became a strong voice for and revoke the right of petition for Saudi officials. Security Council reform. In 2023, Saudi Arabia Condemned by the West, King Faisal reiterated the would join Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria and India as doctrine of sovereignty and national rights. In 2031, a member of the Continuous Nations bloc. Saudi Arabia led the Middle East in condemning the US missile defense program and demanded an end to American interventionist policy. The issue escalated in 2032 with the US invasion of Cambodia on grounds of religious persecution. After the nuclear attacks in Israel and Iran, fearful of the US navy presence in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia called for an international conference on nuclear energy and proliferation. Furthermore, King Faisal reached out to French President Chilac in asking that Paris host a peace summit with the US, Israel, and Iran. As the year 2033 opens, King Faisal, amid Saudi intelligence reports that pro- democracy revolutionaries are planning to stage massive riots in the hopes of invoking the US Clinton doctrine, is attempting to weave a web of In 2021, a wave of pro-democracy sentiment swept international support for Saudi Arabia in the face of Saudi Arabia’s burgeoning youth population, US military presence in the Red Sea. leading to revolutionary protests in Riyadh. In response to the rising protests, the Saudi Royal Guard dispelled all revolutionary assemblies, South Africa resulting in thirty deaths and hundreds of injuries. In 2015, President Jacob Zuma condemned Israel By late 2022, the Saudi Arabian economy had and Iran for their proliferation of nuclear weapons recovered from the 2018 global collapse, emerging technology. South Africa joined Brazil and Germany with strengthened ties to South America and in calling for a new comprehensive treaty on Northern and Western Africa. In 2024, Saudi Arabia nuclear proliferation. The following year, still attended the Cairo Climate Conference, pledging to plagued by critics alleging his administration of help end global oil dependence and further corruption and him of rape, Zuma appointed develop green energies. In the ensuing Venezuelan special prosecutors and commissioned a new police crisis, King Faisal worked behind the scenes to end force to investigate the allegations and the Venezuela’s nuclear deal with Russia, funding “terrorist affiliations” of those trying to topple his General Nuanez’s coup against President Himenez. government. In 2017, Lesotho again accused South In 2025, King Faisal strongly condemned the US Africa of perpetrating vicious policies against intervention in the Congo and aligned himself with refugees on its northern borders. During the same the Arab bloc, one of the first definite signs of a year, President Zuma faced increased criticism over damaged Saudi-US relationship. The US-Saudi his lack of a bold energy plan. In 2018, rolling break solidified in 2027 when the US signed a new blackouts continued to plague South African cities oil deal with Canada, significantly reducing its as the global market again crashed, leading to mass dependence on Saudi Arabian oil. In response, King riots and pogroms (white mobs rioting against Faisal worked with President Huan of China to black businesses) across the country. With secure Arabian oil for China, an agreement that thousands dead as a result of civil unrest over a capped two years of closed-door negotiations with four month period, 2019 saw the declaration of the Asian nation. martial law and the suspension of elections. Saudi Arabia denounced the Camp David In 2020, after President Zuma was reelected in a negotiations of 2029resulting in a Palestinian state widely contested election, his administration was and introduced a resolution in the Security Council again charged with corruption and intimidation. Six demanding that the International Court of Justice months later, President Zuma spoke to the General Assembly on the need for greater funding of energy commission of the Zuma special prosecutors, and infrastructure projects in South Africa and largely seen as political mechanisms for justified his use of executive force in the name of suppressing dissent. In the same year, stability for the nation. In 2022, South Africa signed investigations into Zuma’s death revealed a the Beijing Protocol in an attempt to reign in pervasive trend within the Zuma administration in industrial abuses and crack down on environmental support of the human trafficking of young African polluting in order to secure financial aid loans from girls. In 2026, President Zamir introduced a new the US and European Union. In 2023, President resolution in the General Assembly that would Zuma urged the World Bank and IMF to extend strengthen the UN’s ability to combat human South Africa additional funding for new energy trafficking on the African continent and would projects as rolling blackouts continued to disrupt crack down on the human sex trade. In 2027, South businesses and stoke racial tensions across the Africa celebrated the opening of its newest country. functional nuclear power plant, a key component In May of 2024, President Zuma died from cardiac of Zamir’s plan for combating South Africa’s energy arrest; newly elected President Zamir pledged new crisis. reforms and anti-corruption campaigns for the administration. In 2025, President Zamir shut down the Zuma secret police force and revoked the new healthcare futures, including medical research and cooperative health agendas. In 2017, terrorist bombings along the Chilean- Peruvian border called into attention the faltering ability of Chile to control and protect its border, leading President Latorre to increase military spending with a rising deficit. In 2018, as national economies collapsed, Chile was forced to scale back on its healthcare initiatives in favor of increased border security, a position highly unpopular with the Chilean electorate. In 2019, Chile joined the Latin American Trade Association; In 2028, South Africa launched a program targeted in response to the reluctance of Peru to crack down at encouraging young men to enlist in the AU or UN on the Shining Path terrorist group and their series peacekeeping forces, a calculated attempt at of bombings along the border, President Latorre implanting new systems of civil service while lobbied to block Peru from joining the association, decreasing the number of unemployed young men alienating their northern neighbor until 2022. in South Africa’s cities. In 2029, South Africa In 2020, Chile attended the Beijing Climate recognized Palestine as a sovereign state and Conference, lobbying for exceptions for the advocated for its addition to the UN global shipping industry; Chile declined to sign the community. Protocol after China backed down from its The year 2030 witnessed the paradigm-shifting commitments three months later. In 2021, Chile election of South Africa’s first black woman, Mira condemned Germany for its breakdown in its Tasil, as President. A year after her election, security during the assassination of the Secretary- President Tasil announced that South Africa, as General of the United Nations and called on the part of a US aid package, had agreed to construct a International Criminal Court and the European relay station as part of the US Sentinel program, Union to investigate the role of Germany in the putting South Africa at odds with many of her attack. regional allies. In early 2032, while campaigning in the north of the country, President Tasil was assassinated by the Brothers for Racial Peace, a fringe white supremacy group. The Deputy President, Dipuo Peters, filled the presidential vacancy. Going into the year 2033, South Africa faces serious racial tensions domestically and critiques of corruptive policies internationally. She emerges as a state tied to the human conflicts of her region yet isolated from the politics of her allies.

Rotating Member States Chile In 2015, President Sebastian Piñera Enchenique In 2022, Chile lobbied its Latin American neighbors sent material aid to El Salvador to help alleviate the for the formation of a stronger and more cohesive H1N1 flu crisis, though the subsequent outbreak in cooperative, modeled after the European Union; Chile caused the government to divert aid from El working alongside Venezuela and Argentina, the Salvador to its domestic outbreak. In 2016, Álvaro Latin American Union of Nations launched in 2023. Erazo Latorre was elected President on a pledge to In 2024, Chile voiced opposition to the militant secure Chile from future health epidemics, attack committed by Brazil on Venezuela and dedicating the government to a total overhaul of advocated for a more peaceful resolution, blocking their health care system and massive investment in the expulsion of Venezuela from the LAUN. In 2025, Hugo Melafont was elected President in a by 2018. In 2018, with the collapse of the global run-off election; President Melafont, a staunch economy, global demand for Cuban sugar supporter of the early leadership shown by plummeted, instigating a national debt crisis that Venezuela in the Association, pledged to secure a rocked the economy of Cuba. In 2018, President seat for Chile on the UN Security Council during the Castro was forced to cut defense and justice next rotation. In 2026, President Melafont spending, alleviating some economic pressure at addressed the General Assembly on the need for the risk of enabling the proliferation of organized greater global investment in central Africa, citing crime. In 2020, President Castro negotiated the the recent failure of the Security Council to send in lifting of US trade embargos in return for the additional peacekeepers to the Congo. In 2027, release of political dissidents and the placement of President Melafont negotiated an oil deal with United Nations human rights observers within Canada, securing ten percent of the Chilean Cuba. petroleum needed for seven years. In 2028, Chile In 2021, President Castro died of heart failure; commended the UN peacekeeping force transition General Baliese, during the resulting political in the DR Congo, praising African Union leadership tumult, forcibly seized power under the pretense of in helping restructure the Congo state. enforcing the Cuban constitution and expelled the In 2029, Chile re-elected Sebastián Piñera United Nations observers from Cuba. In response, Echenique as the next president; President the United States restored its trade embargos, Echenique quickly followed with the rest of LAUN leading to massive protests in Havana. In 2022, the and recognized Palestine, lobbying for her Cuban National Assembly elected General Baliese admission to the UN in the General Assembly. In as President, legitimizing his rule; European Union 2030, President Echenique created a new member nations were quick to recognize President government program for the training of Chilean Baliese, calling on him to restore order and hold peacekeeping forces to serve in the LAUN force; new elections within two years. In 2023, President President Echenique also advocated for the forces Baliese declared Cuba dedicated to the mission of use on the Chilean-Peruvian border, citing the the Latin American Union of Nations and advocated international threat border terrorism poses to Latin for the election of President Chavez of Venezuela America. as the first leader of the Union. In 2024, President In 2031, Chile succeeded in its bid for a seat on the Baliese held national elections and won a narrow Security Council, elected to serve for 2032 and election against reform candidate Pablo Estevan, a 2033. In 2032, President Echenique called for a labor reformist and former ally of President Raul global humanitarian response to the explosions in Castro. the Middle East, calling on both the International In 2025, the United States granted Cuba favored Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies trading status and lifted her trade embargos, a and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) move lauded by LAUN President Jimenez. In 2026, to mobilize and be allowed entrance into Iran and along with Barbados, El Salvador, Haiti, Jamaica, Israel in order to attend to affected populations. As and Panama, Cuba signed onto the newly drafted the year 2033 opens, Chile stands as an advocate North America Free Trade Agreement; President for an immediate humanitarian response to the Baliese cited the new agreement as indicative of current nuclear attacks, demanding that politics the Cuban commitment to democracy and a not trump populations as the Security Council continuing role in LAUN and the North American meets to determine its present course. collective. In 2027, China, in response to the rising Cuban debt and weakening ties with the Cuba communist state, called in its development loans In 2015, President Raul Castro condemned Israel and demanded repayment from the island country; and Iran for their proliferation of nuclear weapons Cuba appealed to the LAUN and the International technology and joined with Brazil in calling for new Court of Justice by citing unfair trade and loaning nuclear proliferation international agreements. In practices, leading President Bolivar of Argentina to 2016, President Castro closed the borders of Cuba negotiate a final resolution in February of 2028. In in an effort to quarantine the island from the the same year, President Baliese announced new virulent H1N1 outbreak; the quarantine delayed spending programs for the Cuban military and but did not deter the spread of the virus, and more national guard, highlighting the evolving violence in than fifteen percent of the Cuban population died Colombia as evidence of her need of a stronger armed defense. In 2029, Cuba joined the rest of the 203 people, including thirteen Americans believed LAUN in recognizing Palestine, using the to have been targeted in the attack; the bombing announcement to also call for increased led to an increased Indonesian-American investment and microloan funding to impoverished partnership in fighting terrorism in Indonesia, nations in the Caribbean. In 2030, Hurricanes including an increase in US funds towards Isidore and Kendra ravaged the Cuban coastal improving Indonesia’s anti-terrorism infrastructure infrastructure, collapsing bridges, roads and vital and programs. utilities; President Baliese called on LAUN and the In 2016, President Yudhoyono banned travel United States for emergency aid, resulting in the between Indonesia and Central America, citing the largest rebuilding and reconstruction effort to date new virulent H1N1 viral outbreak as a potential in northern Latin America. In 2031, the plane regional disaster. Despite attempts to quarantine carrying the Cuban national baseball team crashed Indonesia from the epidemic, the flu hit the islands on its way to the World Games in China; Cuban in 2017, ravaging the poorest of Indonesia’s Foreign Minister Sanchez accused China of communities with a mortality rate in the high sabotaging the Cuban aircraft, leading the Cuban twenties. President Yudhoyono’s administration delegation to walk on UN Security Council suffered in the subsequent elections, losing the deliberations for the month of July during the presidency to former President Megawati rotation of China as President of the Council. Sukarnoputri. President Sukarnoputri redoubled her government’s efforts at fighting poverty and disease, doubling the budget for healthcare and disease prevention. Indonesia recognized Chechnya as an independent state in 2019. In the same year, President Sukarnoputri sought additional foreign aid from the EU and US for anti-terrorism efforts, largely characterized by rural education and poverty reduction efforts on the islands. In 2020, Indonesia followed China’s example in failing to ratify the Beijing Protocol, citing her need to develop industry and expand economic opportunity instead of advancing clean air initiatives. In 2021, President Sukarnoputri’s administration banned unionization and workers’ In 2032, President Baliese was reelected by large strikes, declaring that individual rights cannot margins, leading him to declare for himself a triumph over the government’s anti-poverty (and mandate for military expansion and aggressive pro-industry) programs. The year 2022 saw the anti-Chinese policies in both trade and UN revitalization of Indonesia’s economy after the negotiations. In the same year, Baliese committed 2018 collapse, leading to the easy electoral victory 1,000 Cuban peacebuilders to anti-trafficking of the Indonesia Democratic Party – Struggle (IDP- efforts along the Venezuelan-Colombian border. As S) and the election of President Wahid. President the year 2033 opens, the military and economic Wahid attended the 2024 Cairo Climate Conference strength of Cuba is burgeoning as the island nation as an advocate of developing industrial economies, seeks to assert itself as an important and committing Indonesia to reducing emissions in a contributive member of the Latin American Union process of industrial gradualism. In 2027, President of Nations, symbolized by the election of President Wahid condemned the Security Council resolution Baliese as President of the LAUN for the new year. declaring climate change to be a security issue, declaring that war on climate change puts a strain on the poorest nations of the global community. An Indonesia industrial plant explosion in 2029 forced the Wahid In 2015, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono administration to pass industrial safety regulations announced a new poverty initiative aimed at at the same time that labor rights movements alleviating the worst of Indonesia’s poverty crisis. succeeded in achieving limited union rights in Later that year, a terrorist bombing in Bali killed larger cities across the islands. In the same year, Indonesia recognized the state of Palestine and advocated for increased World Bank and IMF loans called for additional UN peacekeeping deployment to the impoverished state in addition to organizing in Lebanon and reparations to be made by Israel a large bloc of Asian nations to support the for civilian losses resulting from their bombing admission of Palestine to the United Nations. campaign. In 2017, Prime Minister Maliki is reelected by popular vote in the largest voter turnout in the democratic history of the nation. In the same year, Iraq condemned the attack on the US by Al-Qaeda and pledged to increase its efforts at rooting out extremism and terrorism within its borders. In 2018, Iraq defaulted on its development loans as the world economy collapsed, driving Prime Minister Maliki to secure investment from the United States and the United Kingdom to cover crucial restructuring programs in central Iraq. In 2019, Iraq recognized Chechnya as a sovereign state and called for its membership in the United Nations. Later that year, Prime Minister Maliki strengthened the electrical utility infrastructure of Iraq.

In 2031, Indonesia condemned the US missile defense shield as a provocative defense measure. Later that year, Indonesia decried the invasion of Cambodia and demanded an immediate withdrawal by the United States. Indonesia was elected to serve a two-year term in the Security Council in 2032, a recognition of her leadership in In 2020, a series of domestic bombings hit Southeast Asia and her willingness to rebuke Baghdad, shaking the confidence of the public in Western nations in the face of perceived the ability of their elected government to ensure interventional overreaching. Following the nuclear their security. In 2021, Iraq signed new oil contracts attacks in Israel and Iran, Indonesia stressed the with American and British firms, prompting China, importance of securing Palestinian security amid Russia and France to allege corruption in the national tensions between the two belligerent bidding process and favoritism towards American nations. As the year 2033 opens, Indonesia interests. In 2022, Prime Minister Maliki prepares to take her seat on the Security Council as condemned Iran for its lack of security over its a representative of both Southeast Asian nations nuclear material, recommending for the UN and of the industrializing community, adding her Security Council to take prompt action to secure voice to the global clamor over nuclear Iranian nuclear material and dismantle its nuclear responsibility and national security. infrastructure.

Iraq In 2023, Prime Minister Maliki secured additional In 2015, Prime Minister Jalal Talabani condemned development loans from the United States, the Iranian announcement of its nuclear weapons securing his popularity and increasing his capabilities and called for additional Security diplomatic prestige in the region. In 2024, Iraq Council sanctions against the country. In 2016, Iraq declined to attend the Cairo Climate Conference, citing her need to increase oil production and develop the basic public utilities as more pressing public issues than the state of environmental degradation in the state. In 2025, elections result in the reelection of the Islamic Dawa Party and the selection of Barham Salih as Prime Minister. Later that same year, Prime Minister Salih condemned the invasion of Kazakhstan during his speech to the General Assembly, demanding that the Kazakh people be able to dictate the terms on which they control, produce and sell their oil. In 2026, Prime Minister Salih announced new oil Chechnya and offered loan assistance for the contracts with India and Egypt, expanding regional restructuring and rebuilding of their local influence of Iraq and her diplomatic ties with infrastructure and utility systems. The next year, central Asia. In 2027, Iraq condemned the Security 2020, saw the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) gain Council declaration that global warming constitutes seats in Parliament and the re-election of Prime a global security threat, citing the growing Minister Hatoyama. economy in Iraq as the most important force for In 2021, Japan called on Germany to restructure its fighting security threats, contrary to environmental dignitary protection detail in the wake of the concerns. In 2028, Iraq praised the leadership of assassination of the UN Secretary-General; later the US in the Congo and the efforts of the African that year, Japan successfully lobbied for the Union in aiding to achieve regional stability around election of Luis Giampietri of Peru as the next the Congo. In 2029, Iraq condemned the attacks by Secretary-General. In 2022, Prime Minister Hamas against Israel and proposed Syrian and Hatoyama lauded South Korea for its commitment Lebanese officials responsible for sponsoring to medical investment and urged his Parliament to Hamas terrorism be sent to the ICC for trial. focus additional funding into Japan’s medical In 2030, the government of Prime Minister Salih futures. was reelected by large margins, cementing their Parliamentary gains and increasing their electoral base by nearly 30 percent. In 2031, Prime Minister Salih announced the interest of Iraq in opening space for the US to construct a Middle Eastern installment of their SENTINEL program, sparking condemnation from her regional neighbors and protests by opposition leaders in Parliament. In 2032, Iraq urged the United Nations to intervene in the Middle Eastern nuclear crises, demanding, should the UN not act, that the Clinton Doctrine be applied for intervening in Tehran. As the year 2033 opens, Iraq stands as a staunch proponent of military intervention in Iran and Israel, its oil production booming and its influence in the Middle In 2023, a massive earthquake hit Honshu, East propelled by its new seat on the Security resulting in widespread destruction and massive Council. fires throughout Tokyo. In 2024, Prime Minister Hatoyama attended the Cairo Climate Conference, Japan advocating for additional industrial loans to In 2015, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe condemned developing nations throughout Asia and Africa. In Israel and Iran for their proliferation of nuclear 2025, Prime Minister Hatoyama announced weapons technology and joined with Brazil in increased Japanese investment in robotics and calling for a new United Nations treaty on spatial technology, maintaining the dominance of international disarmament and nuclear Japan in technological futures. proliferation. In 2016, Prime Minister Abe In 2026, Prime Minister Hatoyama condemned increased domestic investment in the electronic both Russia and China before the General Assembly media market and further committed Japanese for their invasion of Kazakhstan and called on the industry to higher standards for capital investment global community to denounce the imperialist and regulation. In 2017, Japan sponsored Security regimes and pressure them to withdrawal from the Council reform measures in the General Assembly Kazakh oil fields. In 2027, Japan echoed the but failed to garner adequate support for its Security Council declaration of global warming as a referendum on reform. threat to global security and proposed the G-8 In 2018, Japan condemned the Chinese invasion of increase its investment in the green and alternative the DPRK and called for their immediate energy of developing nations, particularly in withdrawal from North Korea. In the same year, regions plagued by terrorism and regional warfare. the Japanese economy plummeted, leading to riots In 2028, a sarin gas attack by Aum Shinrikyo in Okinawa and Sapporo. In 2019, Japan recognized resulted in the death of Prime Minister Hatoyama later to become one of the vital export resources and his family, leading to the election of Prime from Kenya to the US for use in her space Minister Makoto Hirata. programs. In 2029, Japan calls on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to recognize Palestine and help support the new state in rebuilding its damaged infrastructure, stressing the need to alleviate the impoverished conditions that might cultivate terrorism and extremism in the Islamic state. In 2030, following the Chinese invasion of Taiwan, Japan called on the United Nations to send in peacekeepers and election monitors for Taiwan; Prime Minister Hirata, mediating between China and the United States, negotiated new elections in Taiwan and the withdrawal of the Chinese military from Taiwan. In 2031, the United States constructed one of its In 2021, Somalia violated Kenyan sovereignty by SENTINEL installations on the island of Hokkaido, tapping into nearby water resources and citing the prompting protests in Beijing. In 2032, Japan dire drought as reason for unprecedented military assisted the American intervention in Cambodia incursions. The UN Security Council urged military with material supplies and funds for transportation, restraint and pressured the World Bank to help calling on the Security Council to assist with the bring emergency water resources and funding deployment of UN peacekeepers. As the year 2033 programs to the region. opens, Japan stands as a strong proponent of UN In 2022, the United Kingdom negotiated for the use involvement in Cambodia and a comprehensive of northern Kenyan territory in US and European Security Council resolution on the Middle East anti-terrorism training exercises, helping to crises. facilitate stronger European Union ties to the African nation. The year 2023 saw the formation of Kenya a series of multi-lateral trade agreements between In 2010, President Mwai Kibaki worked with Prime Kenya and several European nations, helping to Minister Raila Odinga to reorganize their coalition bolster her faltering economy and aid the nation in government with the goal of incorporating more of securing additional IMF loans for revamping her the diverse tribes in Kenya into the democratic southern infrastructure. In 2025, President Jogingja fold. In 2016, President Kibaki was investigated and Maatha, a member of the Agikuyu tribe, was found guilty of corruptive dealings with President elected in a historic victory for the progressive Omar Al-Bashir of Sudan; upon his resignation from Kenyan left. Following the Russian Security Council office, Prime Minister Odinga became President. In veto in 2026, Kenya urged the African Union to step 2017, the Kikuyu people of Kenya rose up in up its peacebuilding force in the region, asking for support of the incarcerated President Kibaki and the deployment of an additional 12,000 troops. In demanded his release from prison; Odinga, 2027, terbium mining hit its peak in the Rift Valley, rejecting claims of new exonerating evidence, greatly boosting Kenyan revenue and allowing her refused to pardon Kibaki. to expand existing water projects to secure her In 2018, a massive earthquake rocked the Kenya long-term viable water resources in the north and infrastructure, resulting in massive power outages, east. water shortages, property destruction, and the loss In 2029, Russia demanded that Kenya dismantle of more than six hundred lives. For the next the Western military training facilities along her fourteen months, Kenya worked to rebuild the northern frontier and publicly denounced Western worst of the disaster damage in the Rift Valley, military imperialism in Africa. President Maatha, coordinating efforts with Australia, the United rebuffing Russia, announced plans by Kenya to States, and the International Committee of the Red continue accepting infrastructure aid in exchange Cross to bring medicine, doctors, seeds, plants, and for land leases throughout the northern states. In vital food supplies to the region. In 2020, Australian 2030, President Maatha announced a series of scientists discovered a large deposit of terbium ore, trade cooperatives with regional African allies, focused on promoting regional unity and rebuilding diplomatic relationships following the Horn of Africa crisis almost a decade earlier. In 2031, President Maatha allowed the US and UK intelligence services to construct a series of “holding camps” near their northern military installations, utilized as temporary prisons for terrorist suspects apprehended from nearby Chad, Sudan and the Arabian peninsula. In 2032, Kenya successfully won the support of her regional neighbors in her bid for a seat on the UN Security Council as a representative of central Africa; her seat on the Council was seen as an In 2018, Prime Minister Erdogan declared a important acknowledgment of the importance of national emergency as the H1N1 virus spread both developing African societies and the role through northwest Turkey, upsetting industry as third-world democracies play in the anti-terrorist the fall of the global economy crashed the Turkish campaigns of Africa and the Middle East. As the economy. In 2019, three Turkish immigrant year 2033 opens, Kenya stands ready to negotiate laborers were killed in a violent hate crime in Nice, permanent military installations in her north and France; Turkey called on the French President to new regional partnerships with Somalia and Chad, crack down on xenophobia in France and further while the nation is also positioned to act as an demanded for the European Union to act to curtail arbitrator between the developed West and the racist violence in the Industrial West. developing Third World. In 2020, Turkey expelled the Greek Orthodox Patriarch from Istanbul, citing his incitation of revolt and anti-government rhetoric as dangerous Turkey to the stability of the nation. In 2021, Prime In 2015, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan Minister Erdogan announced the reopening of condemned Israel and Iran for their dangerous theological schools throughout Turkey and allowed proliferation of nuclear weapons technology and the Patriarch to return to Istanbul as Turkey called on both to immediately disarm. In 2016, attempted to rebuild its reputation with the Turkey condemned Israel for their attacks on European Union and solidify its candidacy for Lebanon and sent peacekeeping troops as part of member statehood. In 2022, Turkey joined the the UN force in Lebanon. After the 2017 election, in Security Council as a rotating member, voting to which the conservative Justice and Development sanction Iran for its sponsoring of terrorism. In the Party (AKP) increased its seats in Parliament, same year, Turkey recognized the Greek Cypriot Islamic extremist factions in Ankara staged a series Republic of Cyprus as the sole authority on the of bombings in the capital, declaring the island of Cyprus, strengthening its candidacy for EU government to be a Western puppet regime and an membership. affront to Islam. In 2024, Turkey attended the Cairo Climate Conference, aligning itself with the rest of the European Union in calling for higher standards and dedicating itself to reducing industrial emissions by more than 50 percent within thirty years. In 2025, Turkey reaffirmed its commitment to green energy and renewable energy sources, bringing its environmental policy in line with EU standards. In 2026, the Republican People’s Party (CHP) won a strong electoral victory, leading to the election of Yalçın Topçu as Prime Minister of Turkey. In 2027, the European Union admitted Turkey to the organization, an event marked by widespread celebration and ribaldry throughout the nation. In within the United Nations. In 2020, Ukrainian the same year, Prime Minister Topçu declared that research scientists announce success in cloning the Security Council resolution declaring global three canine subjects and replicating a functioning warming to be a global security threat was a call to cetacean brain, considered a serious advancement action for Europe and her allies, leading him to towards human cloning. This year also saw the propose a new climate conference in Ankara during election of Prime Minister Oleksandr Turchynov as a speech to the General Assembly. In 2028, Prime Ukraine’s president. In 2021, Turchynov announced Minister Topçu announced his support of the US the Ukraine would aid Horn of Africa nations with intervention in the Congo and his support of the water, corn, wheat, and soybeans, genetically UN-AU mandate in the country, calling on the UN altered for use in the arid climate. The following to increase its funding for the mission. year witnessed an attempt on the President’s life In 2029, Turkey offered to mediate between Syria, during his tour of the Horn of Africa relief sites, the Lebanon and Israel following the Hamas attacks, first in a series of violent attacks against him. working alongside US President Hanson to achieve In 2024, Ukrainian students staged a nationwide a ceasefire and Israeli withdrawal. In 2030, Turkey hunger strike against Russian nuclear weapons and dropped its ban on the wearing of headscarves in energy proliferation, specifically citing Venezuela government and school buildings. and Iran, evoking the history of Chernobyl and its In 2031, Prime Minister Topçu announced the Eastern European fallout. During the following construction of a US SENTINEL installation outside year, Turchynov was reelected while he firmly the city of Izmir, a project condemned by Russia called for NATO support in Kazakhstan after its and China but supported by NATO and the president’s assassination. In late 2025 and early European Union. In 2032, Turkey proposed sending 2026, a mutated H1N1 virus took hold of Rih and NATO troops to aid in the US Cambodian Kerson. It would have broken out into a national intervention; even though the proposition failed to pandemic if Ukraine’s NATO allies had not materialize troops, Turkey succeeded in getting intervened. NATO material supplies dedicated to the US intervention. In the same year, Turkey sent humanitarian aid to Tehran and Jerusalem, offering to aid NGO transport within the region. As the year 2033 opens, Turkey stands poised as an important intermediary between the Western and Islamic blocs, mediating between ideology and politics.

Ukraine In 2015, President Viktor Yanukovych surprisingly won reelection despite rising unemployment and a stalling economy. Yanukovych threw his support behind Israel’s attacks on Lebanese Hezbollah in 2016, subsequently refusing Lebanese or Syrian nationals entrance into the Ukraine. One year later, In 2027, Ukrainian drilling teams in Yalta discovered a six-month anti-terrorism investigation culminated oil wells extending beneath the Black Sea. Russia in the arrest of a ten-member Al-Qaeda cell within laid claim to oil deposits beneath the sea and the Women’s Special Forces in Odessa. Suspected threatened the use of military action to secure its of participating in the nuclear attack on Los holdings. In 2028, Russia, claiming Ukrainian theft Angeles, the cell is extradited to American of vital state resources, mobilized troops and jurisdiction in Augsburg, Germany. President crossed the Russian-Ukrainian border, taking hold Yanukovych met with President Clinton in 2018 to of a drilling facility near the Black Sea. Russian discuss a military aid package for the Ukraine, military forces were present in south-eastern ostensibly including the installation of a US Sentinel Ukraine for more than a year as President relay station for the Eastern European region. Oleksandr Turchynov refused to capitulate to In 2019, the Ukraine recognized Chechnya as a Russian demands. After a 16-month occupation, sovereign state and further sponsored a General President Gawel of France negotiated a peaceful Assembly resolution for Chechnya’s inclusion resolution in conjunction with NATO lending aid for energy resource exploration in Russia. In 2030, Prime Minister Chekamo was elected President on the promise that he would work for the expansion of Ukraine’s energy exploration in the Black Sea and the funding of new programs of energy independence, modeled after existing British systems. In 2031, the United States installed the first of three relay systems to be built throughout the Ukraine, prompting Russian protests and various scattered revolts throughout the Middle East. In 2032, Ukraine demanded that the Security Council denounce the nuclear attacks in the Middle East and ensure the immediate and complete dismantling of all Iranian nuclear facilities, civilian and military alike. As the year 2033 opens, Ukraine demands the use of military force to dismantle the nuclear capabilities and facilities of any nation not in compliance with the IAEA safeguards, a stance potentially at odds with their support of Israel shortly after their most recent attack. Venezuela In 2015, President Nicolás Maduro condemned Israel and Iran for their proliferation of nuclear weapons and joined Brazil and Germany in calling for a new treaty on nuclear proliferation. In 2016, shortly before the discovery of new oil fields in the Canadian north, President Maduro secured a series of oil contracts with President Obama, a sign of the budding friendship between the two American nations. In the same year, Venezuela shut down its land borders and enforced martial law, citing attempts to keep the H1N1 mutated strain from proliferating within Venezuela. In 2017, President In 2023, President Maduro announced the Maduro declared Venezuela to be in mourning formation of the Latin American Union of Nations after the terrorist attacks in Los Angeles, calling on (LAUN), a daughter organization born from the all Latin American nations to stand in solidarity Latin American Trade Association and one focused with their northern brother. on not only promoting economic but also cultural The next year, 2018, saw the collapse of the exchange between the nations of Latin America. Venezuelan economy in tandem with the global Later that same year, President Maduro, was economy, although the oil rich state was able to diagnosed with cancer and resigned his presidency recover far quicker than her materially-poorer in favor of his successor, President Carlos Himenez. neighbors. In 2019, Venezuela took a strong leading In 2024, President Himenez opened discussions role in the establishment of the Latin American with Russia in hopes of securing nuclear weapons Trade Association; despite protests from Colombia technology for the Latin state; after the and Argentina, President Maduro was elected as negotiations were leaked, President Himenez was the first president of the Association. Following the called on by the LAUN to end its nuclear programs failure of the Beijing Climate Conference, President and agenda. Shortly thereafter, General Nuanez led Maduro announced in 2020 the commitment by a coup d’etat in Caracas, deposing and arresting Venezuela to alternative energy and climate President Himenez. In 2025, Nuanez, under change solutions, articulating a need for Western pressure from other Latin American states and her nations to invest in developing nation Western allies, hosted free elections in which infrastructures for the production of viable President Raul Aranguren rose to power after alternatives. In 2021, President Maduro cracked Nuanez voluntarily abdicated from rule. down on industrial pollution and environmentally In 2027, President Aranguren lobbied and reckless corporate practices, committing Venezuela succeeded in persuading President Rosello of to new levels of green awareness. In 2022, conflicts Mexico to join the LAUN, building a foundation for with the Colombian drug trade erupted in border bridging the North American Free Trade Agreement violence, causing President Maduro to mobilize and the trade policies of the Latin American Free military forces to the border region; military raids Trade Association. In 2028, after President Usilia of on drug cartel holdings would continue for the next Colombia was assassinated amid his war against three years. rampant drug violence, President Aranguren announced a LAUN mandate to end the international drug trade in Latin America, committing Venezuelan forces and resources to the new Colombian, President Jimenez. In 2029, President Aranguren, politically secured by his resounding reelection landslide, announced the humanitarian imperative to recognize Palestine as a national state in order to secure for her crucial infrastructure and rebuilding loans from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. In 2030, President Aranguren negotiated a final settlement between Argentina and the United Kingdom over interests to a bona fide independence movement. the Falkland Islands, releasing the territory back to In the spirit of independence, the government Argentina in the year 2040. In United States for under Hùng recognized Chechnya, and the interfering in Taiwanese elections, citing the bloody government under Nhân turned to Russia for history of the Central Intelligence Agency in Latin support. America and further called on the United States to Extensive violence was avoided by the death of disband the spy agency. Hùng and his two chief advisers in a traffic accident In 2031, Venezuela was elected as the LAUN in late 2019. By early 2020, Nhân and his Socialist representative to the Berlin Nuclear Summit, People’s Party had executed its hard-line Stalinist where President Aranguren lobbied for decreased doctrine and its mandated purge of all Hùng proliferation and stressed the economic supporters in formal office. At the same time, Nhân importance of disarmament. In 2032, President stood by his southern comrades and rejected the Aranguren was elected again as the representative Beijing accord. for LAUN as emissary to the Paris Conference, where he joined with NATO and the United States in trying to forge a peaceful resolution after the explosions in Israel and Iran. As the year 2033 opens, Venezuela stands as a strong voice for Western and Latin American economic concerns over new nuclear proliferation and further has forged working relationships with the United States and NATO in preparation for possible intervention in the Middle East.

Viet Nam In 2015, Viet Nam was the only Security Council member to abstain from the sanctions vote on both Israel and Iran. Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Over the next ten years, Viet Nam underwent both Dung was assassinated during the 2016 Miss a Maoist cultural revolution and streamlined and Universe Pageant, hosted in Nha Trang. Deputy expanded its telecommunications and electronics Prime Minister Pham Gia Khiêm was appointed the industry, abandoning its strengths as a clothes and following week, saving the country from what was rice exporter and finally eclipsing Japan and Korea expected to be a vicious and drawn-out fight for as the largest producer in both industries within a succession. Six months after the execution of the year after President Clinton was forced to lift tariffs convicted assassins, documents surfaced in as a re-election campaign promise in 2025. The neighboring Cambodia in the residents of two government under Nhân had been cultivating an Vietnamese nationals connecting the two men to alliance with both China and Russia, but the Kazakh the Khiêm family and indicating the new Prime crisis forced Nhân to pick sides. Though ideological Minister in the assassination. Outcry in the similarities inclined him initially toward Russia, international community forced Khiêm to resign, Chinese military mobilization in the south and and Viet Nam descended into five years of political potential loss of the largest market in the world for turmoil. Japanese cell phones forced Nhân to side with By 2018, the one-party system in Viet Nam formally China. In the early 2020s, Viet Nam saw a split into the Communist Party of Viet Nam and the steepening decline in its male population as Socialist People’s Party, headed by Nguyen Sinh genetically purified sperm became readily available Hùng and Nguyen Thien Nhân, respectively. When and affordable, and the small hands and diverse it appeared that the Socialist People’s Party under abilities of women to multi-task made them more Nhân had secured support from all major regional desirable employees in the electronics and leaders in the north in early 2019, the Communist telecommunications industries. The renamed Party under Hùng relocated its base of operations Secretary Nhân, known to the people as Bác Nhân to the long politically-barren Ho Chi Minh City in or “Uncle” Nhân, has repeatedly denied southern Viet Nam. Over the next year, the accusations that government officials at the local message of Hùng evolved from pro-southern level are encouraging mothers not to waste European Union community resources on male infants. This The four members of the European Union on the apparently wide-spread infanticide can only be Council, which are France, Turkey, Ukraine, and the topped by the outlawing of poverty in Viet Nam in United Kingdom, , are politically similar in 2027: all citizens who do not contribute a quota approaches to foreign policy, economically amount set by district each quarter can be interdependent and with staunch allies in their incarcerated and forced to make up lacking income approach to resolution formation. While France in the form of hard labor. Citizens are still expected and the United Kingdom maintain the strongest to make quota while incarcerated. connection to North America, Ukraine retains In 2030, a Vietnamese telecommunications officer strong economic and humanitarian ties to the was the first to intercept information that the CIA African continent and Turkey is the strongest link of might be behind the Taiwanese elections, and this the European Union to the Muslim world, serving information was exchanged with their southern as an important intermediary on the Council. While comrades for exclusive access to all Chinese civilian the European Union remains united in its drive markets and military electronics and towards nuclear nonproliferation and communications contracts, of which Viet Nam disarmament, economic aid to developing nations already boasted approximately 80 percent. The and a commitment to statesmanship over military Nhân government read the 2031 invasion of the US force, the Union is divided on the larger issue of into Cambodia as an unbridled capitalistic violation climate change and alternative energy: whereas of Cambodian sovereignty and the Asian sphere of the United Kingdom and France are dedicated to influence, calling on its longtime economic and reducing their carbon footprint, Ukraine and political ally China to counter the western Turkey are more sensitive to the short-term aggressor. detrimental impact of alternative energy The decision made by China in 2032 to join the US commitments. in a joint task force was taken as a personal affront by the aging Nhân, who immediately cut trade Latin American Union of Nations relations with China, resulting in a 20 percent The four members of the Latin American Union of reduction of the otherwise powerfully performing Nations (LAUN) on the Council – Brazil, Venezuela, economy in Viet Nam over the course of three Cuba and Chile – enjoy a growing economic months, abetted only by increased sales to Indian interdependence and a system of peacekeeping and Indonesian markets. China threatened Viet vital to maintaining order along its tumultuous Nam with military repercussions for divulgence of international borders. While Venezuela has often Chinese state secrets to which Vietnamese industry served as emissary of the LAUN to international may have been privy while fulfilling Chinese conferences on climate change and global security contracts. The ailing Nhân announced that his niece threats, Brazil maintains the strongest diplomatic Tang Tuyet Nhân would succeed him, and she did and economic relationships with the Permanent so without political obstacle when he passed away Five and Continuous Five; furthermore, while Chile in late 2032. As 2033 opens, the Madame Secretary serves as an important intermediary for intra-LAUN Nhân must decide whether to continue the policy disputes, particularly in regards to peacekeeping set by her uncle of retracting from China, and if so, operations, Cuba is the strongest and most vocal where Viet Nam will look to for not only markets advocate in the LAUN for developing nations in but sociopolitical support in a world more and need of international developmental assistance more decidedly hostile to the Stalinist system that and diplomatic power within the Security Council. Viet Nam still clings to since the Second While the LAUN remains united on the issues of Reunification. nuclear disarmament and combating international terrorism and the drug trade, the LAUN is divided Bloc Positions on a number of significant issues. Cuba and Chile The following is a summary of various support a gradualist approach concerning the interrelations and systems of dependency critical timeline of pressing immediate alternative energy to the formation and maintenance of relationships solutions on developing nations. And regarding between member nations on the Security Council. which source of international power is the most important to court in pursuing international peace in the face of crisis, Brazil supports the Security Questions for a Delegation to Consider Council, Chile and Venezuela encourage the use of Nuclear Concerns regional organizations, and Cuba believes in the  What obstacles does the Security Council power of individual member states. face in attempting to deal with the nuclear attacks on Jerusalem and Tehran? African Union  What issues of national sovereignty are The three members of the African Union (AU) on critical to consider, and to what degree the Council – Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya – must respect for that sovereignty outweigh exhibit an African nationalism and international security concerns as they interdependence that should maintain their relate to nuclear proliferation in this diplomatic relationships in the face of crisis. context? Whereas South Africa enjoys the closest cultural,  When and to what extent is military force a economic and diplomatic ties to the West, Nigeria necessary component of a solution to the enjoys the popular support of the African crisis? community as its role as continuous representative  Absent military force, what other measures and regional economic power and Kenya maintains can the Security Council consider as parts powerful military agreements with the United of a Security Council resolution? States, United Kingdom and China. While the group is often united behind environmental policy in Societal Security terms of its approach to gradualism and deference  What are less immediate threats to to economic development, the AU diverges in the international peace and security, such as approach to negotiations on nuclear disarmament global warming, energy, nuclear and nuclear crises, with South Africa and Nigeria proliferation, and more? stressing diplomatic solutions and Kenya willing to  entertain military force. To what extent is the Council empowered to deal with these issues?  Asia How critical is a Security Council resolution on this threat to initiating global action The five Asian nations on the Security Council – towards a real and viable solution or China, India, Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam – are program of initiatives? united by regional issues but rarely by approach to foreign policy outside of the continent. China is the most influential in terms of military and economic Closing Remarks strength, though its weakened diplomatic ties to It is my sincere hope that this guide serves as an South America and Russia call into question its illuminating view into the complex political ability to be an honest broker on the Security entanglement in which the Security Council finds Council. India has the closest ties of the group to itself in January 2033. Not only is the knowledge of the Middle East, often siding against China and the policies of your particular nation vital to Russia on issues of petroleum development. Japan performing your function as a delegation, but enjoys the closest economic and diplomatic ties to ignorance of the wider global history can only the West, including continued military ties to the impair our negotiations. Keeping in mind the United States. Indonesia is the staunchest advocate historical contexts of all Member Nations of the of economic reform for developing nations and an Security Council is critical in properly negotiating ally of Palestine in its reconstruction efforts. The and forming comprehensive resolutions. telecommunications industry in Viet Nam is one of Furthermore, I warn the reserved delegate that he the strongest in Asia, cementing its economic or she not only disrupts the cohesion of our viability and importance in the development of Council, but through his or her silence threatens to missile defense communications technology. While dissolve in passivity the tentative peace on which the Asian nations are united in terms of regional we now lightly tread. Think broadly, write boldly, development, the group diverges widely on serious and be diligent in your preparation as you explore foreign policy items, including the environment and the founding, the history, and the zeitgeist of 2033. nuclear proliferation. determined by the pertinent crisis at hand. In general, discussion occurs through moderated caucuses in which the chair calls upon delegates to speak. Delegates motion for moderated caucuses of a specified length and speaking time and on a specified topic. Many issues may be discussed concurrently and crises introduced by the crisis staff may interrupt discussion. Occasionally, unmoderated caucuses (motioned for by a delegate) are held in which formal debate is suspended and delegates speak at will in groups of their choosing. In voting, a motion for an unmoderated caucus takes precedence Crisis Committees over a motion for a moderated caucus. Often, What are Crisis Committees? motions are simply passed without voting if Crisis Committees are specialized groups at there are no competing motions. Action is SWCHSMUN that spend most of their time taken through directives, and there are dealing with real-time events that require generally no working papers or resolutions, immediate attention and action. These crises unless the chair so desires. Notes are used to range from terrorist attacks to natural communicate between delegates while the disasters to corruption within a certain committee proceeds. They are often used to organization. Common considerations of crisis work with delegates of similar viewpoints to committees include: understanding the crisis coordinate actions. Questions can also be sent and its implications, informing (or not to the chair (or crisis staff) in a note. informing) the press and public, undertaking immediate damage control, reacting to the actions of other groups, and preventing future crises.

Simulation Overview Parliamentary Procedure Specific to Crisis Committees The same parliamentary procedures used for General Assemblies and Special Committees apply to Crisis Committees as well. However, Crisis Committees (such as the CDC) tend to be more informal than other committees, that is, they require a limited use of parliamentary procedure. They are often times more unstructured, and the flow of the committee is heavily dependent on the discretion of the chair. The chair will make his/her procedural preferences clear at the start of the first committee session. There may be a speaker’s list, yet most committees do without one. There is often no official setting of the agenda, as debate tends to flow between topics and is Directives and Notes Directives In order to carry out any action during committee, a directive must be sent by an individual, a group of individuals, or the committee as a whole. If it is not on behalf of the entire committee, then the delegate(s) can choose to make the directive private and it will not be revealed to the whole committee. If the chair deems necessary, the directive may need to be introduced by a requisite number of writers. To pass a directive on behalf of the whole committee, a simple majority vote is required. The chair will hold a vote as each directive is introduced. There are three types of directives – Action Orders, Communiqués, and Press Releases. Action orders are used to direct troops, agencies, individuals, etc. to take an action that is within the authority of the committee. An individual may only send an action order if it is within his powers. A communiqué is used to communicate with foreign governments, or individuals outside the committee. A press release is used to reveal information to the public.

Examples of Directives Action Order

Direct Allied forces to invade Normandy, France on June 6th. Paratroopers shall be dropped behind enemy lines on June 4th. Landings shall take place at Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. -The Allies

Communiqué

To the Emperor of Japan: We demand an immediate, unconditional surrender by all Japanese forces within 48 hours, or we shall be forced to unleash heretofore unimaginable devastation upon your cities. - The Allies

Press Release

Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. - Franklin D. Roosevelt

Examples of Notes To a member of the same committee

[Address Section on outside of Note] To: Franklin D. Roosevelt From: Winston Churchill [Message on inside of Note] We ask that you work with us to increase intelligence efforts directed against our so-called allies, the Soviets, so that we will not be surprised by any actions they take after the war. - Winston Churchill To chair or crisis staff

[Address Section on outside of Note] To: Chair/Crisis From: Winston Churchill [Message on inside of Note] What is the current disposition of British forces in the Middle East? - Winston Churchill

*Since the Futuristic Security Council is set in the year 2033, the events taking place in committee are taking place 20 years in advance of all of the other committees at SWCHSMUN, hence, notes may not be sent from FSC to any other committees.

An Outline of Typical Crisis Committee Flow  A moderated caucus takes place with delegates outlining their position.  A delegate motions for a moderated caucus on a specified topic of a specified length with a specified speaking time.  Delegates discuss actions to take regarding that topic through the moderated caucus and through notes.  Delegates submit directives to the chair to take an action and motion to introduce the directive.  Discussion on the directives will proceed through the current moderated caucus and amendments may be proposed and voted on.  A delegate will motion to vote on a directive and the directive is either passed or rejected.  A crisis will occur, oftentimes in the middle of debate. The crisis staff will introduce new information or developments through news articles, videos, intelligence reports, etc.  Discussion will shift informally or through a new moderated caucus to discuss this development. Endnotes 1 “Charter of the United Nations: Preamble,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 14 Sept. 2009 . 2 “Membership of the Security Council,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 13 Sept. 2009 . 3 “Charter of the United Nations: Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Aggression,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 13 Sept. 2009 . 4 United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, United Nations, 13 Sept. 2009 . 5 “Counter-Terrorism Committee,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 13 Sept. 2009 . 6 “1540 Committee - Home,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 14 Sept. 2009 . 7 “United Nations Security Council Sanctions Committees,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 13 Sept. 2009 . 8 “Report - Strengthening the United Nations,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 13 Sept. 2009 . 9 “ReformtheUN.org Uniting for Consensus Group to Introduce Resolution on Security Council Enlargement in General Assembly,” ReformtheUN.org Tracking Developments - Ensuring Transparency and Accountability, 13 Sept. 2009 .

Bibliography “1540 Committee - Home,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 14 Sept. 2009 . “Charter of the United Nations: Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Agression.” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. 13 Sept. 2009 . “Charter of the United Nations: Preamble,” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World, 14 Sept. 2009 . “Counter-Terrorism Committee.” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. 13 Sept. 2009 . “Membership of the Security Council.” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. 13 Sept. 2009 . “ReformtheUN.org Uniting for Consensus Group to Introduce Resolution on Security Council Enlargement in General Assembly.” ReformtheUN.org Tracking Developments - Ensuring Transparency and Accountability. 13 Sept. 2009 . “Report - Strengthening the United Nations.” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. 13 Sept. 2009 . United Nations Peacebuilding Commission. United Nations. 13 Sept. 2009 . “United Nations Security Council Sanctions Committees.” Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. 13 Sept. 2009

*This FSC Background Guide is based largely on a similar background guide that was used at the Harvard National Model UN (HNMUN) conference in 2008. It has undergone serious revisions since its usage in 2008 to reflect changes that have occurred in the world in the intervening five years.

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