The Cold War Goes Global Packet #40

The Cold War Goes Global Packet #40 S. Gerhardt Global II

DO NOW:

Eastern Side of the Berlin Wall NOTES: ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY NOTES NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)  North Atlantic Treaty Organization  Military alliance formed by the US, Great Britain, France, Belgium , Italy, Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Canada.  Members agreed that an attack on one would be considered one on ALL

Warsaw Pact:  Soviet and Eastern European response to NATO  The pact was also for strengthening the Soviets hold on Eastern Europe

Berlin Airlift:  The Soviets blocked the Allies access to the allied occupied zones of Berlin (June 1948)  Allies organized supplies to be flown in on airplanes to be given out to residents of West Berlin  The Soviets were humiliated when this airlift was proved to be successful and they lifted the blockade on Berlin in May 1949

Stalin’s Successors Hold the Line  Stalin died in 1953  Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the new Soviet leader  He closed Stalin’s prison camps and eased censorship

Cuban Missile Crisis:  Fidel Castro came to power in 1959 and wanted to reform the country  He sought support from the Soviets  1962, Soviet Union sent missiles to Cuba. President Kennedy responded by imposing a blockade of Cuba preventing further shipments Containing Communism:  Containment = Holding back the spread of Communism  Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

Truman Doctrine:  Allowed for American military aid to any country threatened by Communism  US gave $400 million dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey to fend off Communists

Marshall Plan:  Proposed European aid program (1947)  US gave money to Western European countries to stop them from becoming Communist  Marshall Plan was a great success and extended American influence in Western Europe

The purpose of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to (1) support the construction of the Iron Curtain (2) increase membership in the United Nations (3) prevent the spread of communism (4) attempt to solve world hunger

The use of the Marshall Plan in Western Europe after World War II strengthened the forces of (1) democracy (3) isolationism (2) communism (4) autocracy

During the Cold War, nations that adopted a policy of nonalignment believed they should (1) be exempt from United Nations decisions (2) restrict trade with neighboring countries (3) reject international environmental treaties (4) follow a course independent of the superpowers

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was initially formed to (1) promote religious freedom (2) defend Western Europe from Soviet aggression (3) isolate member nations from the rest of the world (4) stop the flow of immigration between member nations

The Marshall Plan was designed to stop the spread of communism by providing (1) government housing to refugees (2) military assistance to Vietnam (3) funds for economic recovery in war-torn European nations (4) nuclear weapons to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members

Which group of countries became Soviet satellites after World War II? (1) France, Spain, Great Britain (2) Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary (3) Switzerland, Austria, Belgium (4) Turkey, Greece, Italy

The primary purpose of the United Nations is to (1) control world grain prices (2) promote democratic governments (3) resolve conflicts between nations peacefully (4) unite all nations militarily through alliances

The purpose of the Marshall Plan after World War II was to (1) promote the spread of militarism (2) force the losing nations to help areas destroyed in the war (3) rebuild national economies to stabilize governments (4) strengthen the alliances that had won the war

The Truman Doctrine, Korean War, crisis in Guatemala, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were all (1) reasons for the Industrial Revolution (2) examples of Japanese imperialism (3) events of the Cold War (4) causes of World War II

The Cold War in East Asia Part I Packet #41 S. Gerhardt Global II

DO NOW: Fill in the blanks below.

1. The Cold War was a conflict over ideology. The two political philosophies competing against each other were ______and ______.

2. After Stalin died, ______took over as leader of the Soviet Union.

3. The policy of ______was the United States plan to stop the spread of Communism by the Soviet Union.

4. ______was the military alliance of the Non-Communist nations during the Cold War.

5. The island of ______became a Cold War “hot spot” when the Soviet Union began sending nuclear weapons to this country. NOTES:

Essential Themes Notes Korean War:  Post WWII – Korea was divided into North Korea and South Korea  North Korea: Soviet forces had control  South Korea: American forces had control  June 1950 – North Korea invaded South Korea in hopes of creating a unified COMMUNIST state  UN condemned this action and sent a UN Force to South Korea – 90% of troops were American  China came to the aid of North Korea

Stalemate:  UN troops commanded by General Douglas McArthur prevented a takeover of South Korea by the north  1951 – both sets of troops dug in along the 38th parallel.  The fighting reached a stalemate – deadlock in which either side is unable to defeat the other.

Talks between North and South Korea:  Finally in 1953, both sides sign an armistice (agreement to end fighting)  The armistice held for the remainder of the Cold War but a peace treaty was never negotiated

North Korea Since 1953:  Ruled by a Communist dictator – Kim Il Sung (1948- 1994)  Established a repressive and tightly controlled government  Isolated North Korea from the world  Organized farmland into collective farms

South Korea Since 1953:  1960s South Korea enjoyed tremendous economic success  Government strongly encouraged the export of electronics, ships, cars and other industrial goods.  South Korea successfully transitioned into a democratic nation that held elections

Essential Question: With the recent events in Korea, what do you think it will take to reunite the divided peninsula?

______The Cold War in East Asia Part II Packet #42 S. Gerhardt Global II

DO NOW:

What is the main idea of this 1997 cartoon? (1) South Korea has more mineral resources than North Korea. (2) South Korea has flourished while North Korea is struggling to survive. (3) North Koreans have chosen to separate themselves from the South Koreans. (4) North Korea was devastated by the war with South Korea.

In the 1950s, what was the status of most countries in Eastern Europe? (1) members of the Common Market (2) participants in the Marshall Plan (3) allies of the United States (4) satellites of the Soviet Union The use of the Marshall Plan in Western Europe after World War II strengthened the forces of (1) democracy (3) isolationism (2) communism (4) autocracy

NOTES: ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY NOTES French & Indochina:  Eastern part of mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina) was conquered by the French in the 1800s  1954: Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam nationalist/communist) fought the French and defeated them  French left Vietnam – conference was set up and Vietnam was divided into TWO

Vietnam Divided:  NORTH: Communist North, under Ho Chi Minh › China and the Soviet Union provided economic and military aid to N. Vietnam, but not troops  SOUTH: Non-Communist, under Ngo Dinh Diem › United States and others provided troops to support South Vietnam

Domino Theory:  Domino Theory: View that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause non-communist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism, like a ROW OF DOMINOES

America Withdraws from Vietnam:  President Richard Nixon negotiated the Paris Peace Accord in 1973 › US agreed to withdraw its troops  Two years after American troops had withdrawn from the country North Vietnamese conquered South Vietnam Vietnam Under the Communists:  In the newly united Vietnam, the Communist victors imposed a harsh rule of their own on the south  People tried to flee from the country › They either drown or ended up in refugee camps in other countries  Vietnam had to rebuild from the destruction of war  Recovery was slow due to a lack of resources

Wrap-Up: Compare and contrast the Cold War events in Vietnam to the conflict in Korea. The End of the Cold War Packet #43 S. Gerhardt Global II

DO NOW:

Below are definitions of terms from the Cold War unit. I would like you to provide the terms on the line provided.

1. International organization created Post World War II in order to ensure peace in the world,

______

2. Military alliance of the non-Communist nations.

______

3. Imaginary line that separated the non-Communist nations from the Communist nations in Europe.

______

4. Relaxation of tensions

______

5. Government makes most economic decisions and owns most property

______NOTES: ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY NOTES Communism Collapses in the Soviet Union:  Between 1989-1991, the Cold War ended and Communism disappeared from Europe

Mikhail Gorbachev:  He was the Soviet leader who helped bring an end to Communism in the Soviet Union

Gorbachev’s Policies:  Perestroika: This was a program in which Gorbachev changed the economy of the Soviet Union from a communist/command economy to a market/capitalist economy  Glasnost: This was a program in which Gorbachev allowed freedom of speech within the Soviet Union – it was a major step towards democracy

Berlin Wall Comes Down:  Throughout the Cold War, Germany had been divided into 2 nations: West and East Germany  1989: The Berlin Wall (the symbol of the Cold War) was finally torn down – THIS SYMBOLIZED THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE END OF COMMUNISM  1990: West/East Germany were reunited to form one democratic country

Boris Yelstin:  Boris Yeltsin was the first democratically elected president in the history of Russia  Served from 1991-1999

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How is life different for the people of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev than it was under the rule of Joseph Stalin? ______