AP LANG VOCABULARY REVIEW: Rhetorical Terms & Strategies

Define each of the numbered terms and provide an example of each. Also, be sure to study the “Rhetorical Terms and Strategies” packet given to you in class this year (it is also on TeacherWeb).

1. Rhetoric 2. Message 3. Purpose 4. Speaker 5. Audience 6. Author’s purpose 7. Context (aka Exigence) 8. Argument / Persuasion 9. Enthymeme 10. Exposition 11. Précis (rhetorical – see http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl201/modules/rhetorical-precis/sample/peirce_sample_precis_click.html) 12. Satire

13. Syntax 14. Adjective 15. Adverb 16. Antecedent 17. Antithesis (a rhetorical term; also, in writing, another name for counterargument – an idea in contrast to the thesis) 18. Appositive 19. Clause a. Dependent (aka Subordinate) b. Independent (aka Insubordinate) 20. Colon/Semicolon 21. Loose (or cumulative) sentence 22. Periodic sentence 23. Parallelism 24. Pronoun 25. Repetition 26. Subject 27. Verb

28. Alliteration 29. Allusion 30. Anachronism 31. Analogy 32. Anaphora 33. Anecdote 34. Aphorism 35. Apostrophe (the rhetorical device, not the punctuation mark) 36. Assonance / Consonance 37. Colloquialism / Slang 38. Contradiction 39. Diction 40. Denotation / Connotation 41. Deductive Reasoning (aka Syllogism) vs. Inductive Reasoning 42. Euphemism 43. Extended metaphor 44. Footnotes 45. Hyperbole 46. Imagery 47. Irony (dramatic, situational, verbal) 48. Juxtaposition 49. Metonymy 50. Mood/Tone 51. Onomatopoeia 52. Oxymoron 53. Paradox 54. Personification 55. Pun 56. Rhetorical question 57. Sarcasm 58. Simile 59. Theme 60. Understatement

APPEALS:  Emotional appeals involve loaded/colorful words, connotation, subjectivity of language (words that mean different things to different people based on experiences), or anything else that would stir personal emotions like guilt, fear, compassion, unity, etc.

 Logical appeals involve factual information like statistics, denotative definitions, universal truths (depending on the background/culture of the audience), etc.

 Appeals to credibility (ethos) might include appeals to authority (known experts or successful writers), objectivity of language (words that mean the same thing to everyone), lack of bias, acknowledgement of counterargument, etc.