IPC Review: Chapter 20, Diversity of Matter

IPC Review: Chapter 20, Diversity of Matter Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. At room temperature, most metals are ____. a. gases c. radioactive b. liquids d. solids 2. The process by which solid iodine particles change directly to gas without first becoming a liquid is called ____. a. condensation c. ionization b. evaporation d. sublimation 3. Elements that form salts by combining with metals are ____. a. allotropes c. ionic b. fluorides d. halogens 4. Substances that conduct an electric current only under certain conditions are most likely to be ____. a. metals c. noble gases b. metalloids d. nonmetals 5. Different forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom arrangements are called ____. a. allotropes c. graphites b. carbons d. halogens 6. An allotrope of carbon that is soft and can be used as a lubricant is ____. a. diamond c. sand b. graphite d. silicon 7. An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is ____. a. diamond c. quartz b. graphite d. silicon 8. Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals because it ____. a. does not readily form compounds b. has one electron in its outer energy level c. is a gas d. is a metal 9. A chemical family whose members exist as reactive diatomic molecules in the gaseous phase is the ____. a. actinide series c. halogens b. alkali metals d. lanthanide series 10. When hydrogen reacts with the active metals, it forms a chemical bond by ____. a. gaining one electron c. losing two electrons b. losing one electrons d. sharing electrons 11. The elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are the ____. a. actinides c. transition elements b. alkaline earth metals d. halogens 12. A family of elements that has two electrons in its outer energy level is the ____. a. actinides c. alkali metals b. alkaline earth metals d. halogens 13. Metals can be used as wire because they are ____. a. alloys c. metallic b. ductile d. shiny 14. Elements in which the outer electrons are NOT held tightly are most likely to form ____ bonds. a. covalent c. metallic b. hydrogen d. radioactive 15. Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is normally a ____. a. gas c. semiconductor b. liquid d. solid 16. The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is ____. a. copper c. silver b. mercury d. sodium 17. A synthetic element that is used in smoke detectors is ____. a. aluminum c. sodium b. americium d. technetium 18. All synthetic elements are ____. a. liquids c. radioactive b. needed by human body d. useful in making plastics 19. Cobalt, iron, and nickel are known as the ____ triad. a. nickel c. iron b. cobalt d. steel 20. Three transition elements in Group 12 of the periodic table are ____. a. copper, silver, and gold c. mercury, zinc, and cadmium b. iron, nickel, and cobalt d. neon, helium, and xenon 21. Any element with an atomic number greater than that of uranium is a(n) ____. a. halogen c. transition element b. lanthanide d. transuranium element 22. The noble gases are in ____. a. Group 18 c. Group 13 b. Group 1 d. Group 2 23. Elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic table are ____. a. liquids c. metalloids b. metals d. radioactive 24. The appearance of solid metals can be described as ____. a. dull c. powdery b. glassy d. shiny 25. A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the ____. a. noble gases c. alkali metals b. alkaline earth metals d. transition elements 26. Radioactive elements comprise a majority of the ____. a. actinides c. lanthanides b. halogens d. noble gases Matching Match each of the families listed below with the types of elements each contains. There may be more than one answer for each group, and each answer can be used more than once. a. metal c. metalloid b. nonmetal d. diatomic molecule 27. alkali metal 28. alkaline earth metal 29. iron triad 30. halogens 31. noble gases 32. boron group 33. carbon group 34. nitrogen group 35. oxygen group Short Answer 36. Lithium is a metal, and hydrogen is a nonmetal. Compare their outer energy level electrons. 37. Lithium is a metal and hydrogen is a nonmetal. Explain why both are placed in Group 1. 38. How does hydrogen differ from the other elements in Group 1? 39. What are some ways synthetic elements are useful? 40. How might a synthetic element be harmful? 41. Explain the difference between malleable and ductile. 42. Explain why the bonding of metals makes them good conductors of heat and electricity. 43. What types of elements make a salt, and what type of bond is formed? 44. Why are the noble gases so stable? 45. Describe an allotrope. 46. What is the range of the atomic numbers for the transuranium elements? 47. Name three allotropes of carbon. 48. Where is most hydrogen on Earth found? 49. What happens to hydrogen when water is broken down into its elements? 50. List the range of the atomic numbers for the actinide series and the lanthanide series. 51. What are ores and what do they usually consist of? 52. Which three elements are known as the coinage elements? 53. How are hydrides formed? 54. How does the appearance of a solid nonmetal differ from the appearance of most solid metals?

Figure 20-1

55. Which three elements shown in Figure 20-1 make up almost 90 percent of the human body? 56. Based on Figure 20-1, if your mass is 50 kg, what is the mass of nitrogen in your body? 57. As shown in Figure 20-1, which metal is found in the largest amount in the human body?

Figure 20-2

58. How are the hydrogen atom and the lithium atom in Figure 20-2 similar? 59. What is the atomic number of hydrogen shown in Figure 20-2? 60. What is the atomic number of lithium shown in Figure 20-2? 61. Use Figure 20-2 to explain why hydrogen is placed in the same group as the alkali metals. 62. How does hydrogen differ from the other elements in Group 1 of the periodic table? Ch 20 Diversity of Matter Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE ------1. D 10. A 19. C 2. D 11. C 20. C 3. D 12. B 21. D 4. B 13. B 22. A 5. A 14. C 23. C 6. B 15. B 24. D 7. A 16. B 25. C 8. B 17. B 26. A 9. C 18. C MATCHING ------27. A 32. A 28. A 33. A 29. A 34. A 30. B 35. B 31. B SHORT ANSWER ------36. Each one has one electron in its outer energy level. 37. Each one has one electron in the outer energy level, therefore they are chemically similar. 38. Hydrogen is a gaseous nonmetal; the other elements in Group 1 are solid metals. 39. used in smoke detectors, nuclear medicine, energy sources 40. It gives off radiation. 41. malleable—hammered or rolled into a sheet; ductile—drawn into a wire 42. metallic bonding—electrons are not bound to any one atom but are free to move under the influence of heat or electricity 43. metal and halogen; form an ionic bond 44. Their outermost energy levels are full. 45. An allotrope is a form of an element that has a different molecular structure. 46. greater than 92 47. diamond, graphite, buckminsterfullerene 48. in compound water 49. Hydrogen becomes a gas made up of diatomic molecules. 50. actinide: 90 to 103; lanthanide: 58 to 71 51. Ores are metals in Earth's crust that combined with other elements. They usually consist of a metal compound, or mineral, within a mixture of clay or rock. 52. copper, silver, gold 53. Hydrogen gains an electron when it combines with alkali and alkaline earth metals, forming hydrides. 54. Most solid metals are shiny. In contrast, most solid nonmetals are dull and powdery. 55. oxygen, hydrogen, carbon 56. 1.5 kg 57. calcium 58. Each contains one electron in its outer energy level. 59. 1 60. 3 61. Hydrogen has one electron in its outer energy level, so it is chemically similar to alkali metals, since each of them has one electron in its outer energy level. 62. Hydrogen is a gaseous nonmetal. 46.