The Northern Renaissance (17.2)

Name: Class: Date:

The Northern Renaissance began in the of Flanders.

 From Flanders, ideas spread to Spain, France, and England.

 Many painters focused on the people, creating scenes of life.

 Many writers also focused on the common people.

Renaissance Art in Northern Europe

 The difference between the Italian and Northern Renaissance Art

o Italy: change was inspired by with its emphasis on the revival of the values of classical antiquity.

o Northern Europe: change was driven by reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the .

 More Princes & Kings were patrons of artists in the north (instead of the in Italy)

Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art

 Tendency towards and (less emphasis on the “classical ideal”)

 Interest in landscapes

 More emphasis on middle class and life.

 Details of domestic interiors

 Great skill in portraiture

Important Artists

 Jan van Eyck (1395-1441)

o More courtly and aristocratic work Name: Class: Date:

o “Giovanni Arnolfini and “ (1434)

 Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)

o A scholar as well as an artist

o Also a

 Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516)

o A view of human nature

o Had a wild and lurid imagination

o Untouched by the values of the Italian

o More a landscape painter than a portraitist

o Describe “The Garden of Earthly Delights”:

 Pieter Bruegal the Elder (1525-1569)

o Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies

o A master of landscapes, not a portraitist

. People in his works often have round, , heavy faces

o Describe “Tower of Babel”:

 El Greco

o Spanish for “The Greek”

o Describe “Christ in Agony on the Cross”:

 Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497-1543)

o One of the great artists who did most of his work in England

o Henry VIII was his patron from 1536 onward.

o Great portraitist noted for:

. Objectivity and detachment Name: Class: Date:

. Doesn’t the weaknesses of his subjects

The Elizabethan Age

 Queen Elizabeth reigned in from 1588-1603 (more on her later)

 Sir was an English humanist who pushed for social reforms

o In Utopia, he described an ideal society where all are educated and people live in harmony.

o The book gave use the word (perfect/ideal)

 Francois Rabelais was a French humanist who used

o In Gargantua and Pantagruel, two giants on a comic adventure offer opinions on religion and education.

 The towering figure of the northern Renaissance literature was the English playwright and poet William

o Between 1590 and 1613, he wrote plays which are still performed today, including:

. Romeo and Juliet

. Hamlet

. A Midsummer Night’s Dream

o Shakespeare explored Renaissance ideals such as the of the