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Lepidiolamprologus Kamambae, a New Species of Cichlid Fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika

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Lepidiolamprologus Kamambae, a New Species of Cichlid Fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika Zootaxa 3492: 30–48 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F49C00E7-C7CF-4C2C-A888-A3CAA030E9F4 Lepidiolamprologus kamambae, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika SVEN O. KULLANDER1, MAGNUS KARLSSON2 & MIKAEL KARLSSON2 1Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 2African Diving Ltd, P. O. Box 7095, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Lepidiolamprologus kamambae is described from the Kamamba Island off the southeastern coast of Lake Tanganyika. It is similar to L. elongatus, L. kendalli, and L. mimicus in the presence of three horizontal rows of dark blotches along the sides. It differs from those species in the presence of a distinct suborbital stripe across the cheek. It is further distinguished from L. elongatus and L. mimicus by the presence of a marbled pattern on the top of the head, and narrower interorbital width (4.9–5.9% of SL vs. 6.0–7.0%). It is distinguished from L. kendalli by a shorter last dorsal-fin spine (11.2–13.3% of SL vs. 13.3–15.1 %) and presence of distinct dark blotches on the side instead of contiguous blotches forming stripes separated by light interspaces. Lepidiolamprologus profundicola is unique in the genus having the cheeks covered with small scales. Scales are absent from the cheek in L. kamambae, and in the other species scales are either absent or very few and deeply embedded. Lepidiolamprologus nkambae was diagnosed from L. kendalli by the absence of scales on the cheek. The presence of scales in L. kendalli is variable, however, and L. nkambae is tentatively synonymized with L. kendalli for want of other diagnostic characters. Key words: color pattern, endemism, meristics, morphometry, taxonomy Introduction The endemic Lake Tanganyika cichlid genus Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin (1904) presently includes eleven species characterized by the presence of a sesamoid ossification in the labial ligament of the lower jaw, and paired coronalis foramina (Stiassny 1997; Schelly 2007). Species of the genus present considerable diversity in color pattern and body shape, and the composition of the genus has been challenged in several studies (Schelly 2007; Schelly et al. 2006; Sturmbauer et al. 2010; Day et al. 2007). Schelly (2007) proposed a more restricted Lepidiolamprologus characterized by a gracile anterior portion of the hyoid, a strongly emarginate caudal fin, scales reduced in size and presence of a dermosphenotic, in addition to the labial ossification and paired coronalis foramina. Five species conforming to Lepidiolamprologus sensu Schelly share a distinctive color pattern characterized by horizontal rows of contiguous or discrete dark blotches, viz., L. elongatus (Boulenger, 1898), L. kendalli (Poll & Stewart, 1977), L. nkambae (Staeck, 1978), and the most recently described species L. mimicus (Schelly, Takahashi, Bills & Hori, 2007). Lepidiolamprologus profundicola (Poll, 1949), placed in the restricted Lepidiolamprologus by Schelly (2007) is overall dark in color and the dark blotches on the side are much less conspicuous than in the other species of Lepidiolamprologus. The remaining species in Lepidiolamprologus as restricted by Schelly (2007) is L. attenuatus (Steindachner, 1909). It differs from the others in having only two rows of dark blotches along the side, one along the dorsal-fin base, and the other along the middle of the side. The median blotch in the lower row is elongate and much more prominent than the remaining blotches which may fade away completely. Surveys by the two junior authors along the Tanzanian coast provided material identified as L. elongatus, L. kendalli, and L. mimicus, establishing considerably extended vouchered geographical distributions for the latter two species, but also a sample very similar to those species, differing from known species in details of the color pattern and a combination of other character states. The objective of this paper is to provide a formal description of the new species. 30 Accepted by J. Friel: 22 Aug. 2012; published: 20 Sept. 2012 Material and Methods Measurements and counts were recorded as described by Roberts & Kullander (1986). The length of the caudal peduncle is measured from the base of the last ray of the anal fin to the middle of the base of the caudal fin. Scales in a longitudinal row are counted as described by Trewavas (1946) and include the scales of the upper lateral line followed by those of the horizontal row containing the lower lateral line, starting with the first scale in the oblique row (sloping rostrad and ventrad) next behind that containing the last scale of the upper lateral line. Lateral line scales on the caudal fin are not counted. Counts of lateral line scales include all scales up to the posteriormost canal-bearing scales in the upper lateral line, and to the anteriormost canal-bearing scale in the lower lateral line. That means that, especially in the lower lateral line, the count may include several scales from which neuromasts or bone canals are absent. Vertebral counts and counts of fin rays in unpaired fins were taken from X-radiographs. Vertebral counts include the last half-centrum. Teeth were counted in the outer row on one side (predominantly the left side) of the upper and lower jaw. Counts of caudal-fin rays include unsegmented procurrent rays, the marginal unbranched segmented ray, and the branched rays separated by periods, counts of upper and lower lobe separated by a plus sign. X-radiographs were made on Kodak X-omat V film using a Philips MG-105 low voltage X-ray unit. Abbreviations: NLF0 = neurocranial lateral line foramen 0; SL = Standard length. Morphometric data were managed and analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS, 2009), except that the principal component analysis (PCA) of measurements was made using a separate procedure for component shearing, partialling out multivariate size residues from the second and further components as described by Humphries et al. (1981). The PCA analysis was made with log-transformed measurement data to tenth of a millimetre in a covariance matrix, and without rotation. Specimens studied are deposited in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (NRM). Comparative material. Lepidiolamprologus attenuatus: NRM 24148. 10, 70.7–118.1 mm SL. Zambia, Northern Province: Lake Tanganyika, ca 1 km E of Lufubu River mouth, Mwense Fishing Camp. 8 33' 0'' S, 30 44' 0'' E. 1 Mar. 1993. E. Schwanck & D. Kawage. Lepidiolamprologus elongatus: NRM 12887. 2, 115.7–150.4 mm SL. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sud- Kivu Province: Lake Tanganyika, Luhanga. 3 31' 0'' S, 29 9' 0'' E. 30 Nov. 1957. G. Marlier.—NRM 24147. 2, 108.3–115.8 mm SL. Zambia, Northern Province: Lake Tanganyika, ca 1 km E of Lufubu River mouth, Mwense Fishing Camp. 8 33' 0'' S, 30 44' 0'' E. 1 Mar. 1993. E. Schwanck & D. Kawage.—NRM 17449. 1, 111.3 mm SL. Tanzania, Kigoma Province: Lake Tanganyika, Kigoma Bay, tip of Nondwa Point. 4 51' 51'' S, 29 35' 39'' E. 5 Jul. 1976. G. Berglund.—NRM 59555. 9, 91.5–154.9 mm SL. Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Lake Tanganyika, Udachi. 7 3' 30'' S, 30 33' 10'' E. 2 Jun. 2008. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson.—NRM 59600. 1, 136.6 mm SL. Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Lake Tanganyika, Udachi. 7 3' 30'' S, 30 33' 10'' E. 2 Jun. 2008. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson.—NRM 60241. 1, 150.5 mm SL. Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Lake Tanganyika, Kansombo. 6 56' 42'' S, 30 32' 26'' E. 1 Dec. 2008. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson. Lepidiolamprologus kendalli: NRM 51544. 1, 124.0 mm SL; NRM 51590. 10, 74.3–124.9 mm SL.Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Lake Tanganyika, Muzi. 8 25' 59'' S, 31 8' 44'' E. 13 Oct. 2008. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson. Lepidiolamprologus mimicus: NRM 51595. 8, 103.8–141.8 mm SL; NRM 16249. 1, 133.9 mm SL. Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Lake Tanganyika, Frontosa Reef. 7 6' 38'' S, 30 27' 44'' E. 29 Nov. 2008. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson. Lepidiolamprologus profundicola: NRM 61570. 1, 260.9 mm SL. Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Lake Tanganyika, Kansombo. 6 56' 42'' S, 30 32' 26'' E. 30 Nov. 2010. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson. Lepidiolamprologus kamambae, new species (Figs. 1–5; Table 1) Holotype. NRM 61943. 1, 137.2 mm SL. Tanzania, Rukwa Province: Nkansi: Lake Tanganyika, Kamamba Island. 7 23' 51'' S, 30 33' 16'' E. 27 Oct. 2008. M. Karlsson & M. Karlsson. Paratypes. All with same data as holotype. NRM 51514. 1, 119.2 mm SL.—NRM 51558. 9, 118.9–135.2 mm SL. A NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDIOLAMPROLOGUS Zootaxa 3492 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 31 TABLE 1. Standard length (in millimeters) and proportional measurements in percents of standard length of L. kamambae. SD= standard deviation. Regression line parameters, a (intercept), b (slope), and r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) are calculated from measurements expressed in millimeters and shown for p < 0.05. N Holotype Min Max Mean SD a b r SL mm 11 137.2 118.9 137.2 127.3 6.34 Head Length 11 33.2 31.1 34.2 32.8 0.78 -4251 0.361 0.914 Snout length 11 12.8 11.8 13.0 12.4 0.37 -0.903 0.721 0.917 Body depth 11 20.9 20.8 22.7 21.8 0.63 7.782 0.157 0.815 Orbital diameter 11 7.9 7.5 8.6 8.0 0.30 -0.617 0.085 0.831 Interorbital width 11 4.9 4.9 5.9 5.4 0.28 Preorbital depth 11 6.1 5.9 6.5 6.2 0.20 1.848 0.047 0.785 Caudal peduncle depth 11 9.9 9.8 10.6 10.1 0.25 2.727 0.080 0.869 Caudal peduncle length 11 15.4 15.4 17.6 16.5 0.75 2.622 0.144 0.691 Pectoral-fin length 11 20.3 19.3 20.9 20.1 0.47 6.075 0.153 0.878 Upper jaw length 11 12.5 12.5 13.5 13.1 0.28 0.621 0.126 0.904 Lower jaw length 11 15.9 15.9 17.4 16.5 0.48 -0.903 0.172 0.868 Last dorsal-fin spine length 11 13.1 11.2 13.3 12.5 0.69 Diagnosis.
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