Scherman-Hoffman Wildlife Sanctuary

2017 PLANT LIST FOR HABITAT PLANT SALE

SATURDAY, JUNE 3 9 AM – 4 PM

Scherman-Hoffman Wildlife Sanctuary NJ Audubon 11 Hardscrabble Road Bernardsville, NJ 07924 (908) 396-6386, Fax (908) 766-7775 www.njaudubon.org 2

LISTS OF THE PLANTS WE EXPECT TO HAVE FOR THIS YEAR’S SALE BEGIN ON PAGE 4 BELOW.

This year there will be more plants and more types of plants but be sure to arrive early for the best selection.

NEW: * following the common name indicates members of top habitat plant families recommended by Douglas Tallamy, author of Bringing Nature Home.

If you’re new to habitat gardening, see NJ Audubon’s Backyard Habitat webpage for information to help you get started and to learn what plants attract butterflies and hummingbirds to your garden.

Remember that some of the non-native plants included on many habitat plant lists may be invasive. That’s one of the reasons why Scherman-Hoffman Sanctuary sells only three non-native plants at its sale. We recommend that you check the current status of non- native plants before you add them to your landscape.

KEY: S: full sun PS: part sun Sh: shade, NJ: NJ native, B: Attracts butterflies, BF: Bird food, C: Caterpillar host plant, H: Attracts hummingbirds 3

THINGS TO CONSIDER AS YOU CHOOSE YOUR PLANTS

As much as possible, we encourage you avoid the use of invasive plants and favor native plants.

NATIVE PLANTS:  Evolved along with native insects, birds, and other wildlife.  Live together in a natural community.  May have been native to some parts of New Jersey and not to others, for example some plants were originally found only in the Pine Barrens.  Most complete database: USDA (http://plants.usda.gov/). . Includes range maps for the US; in many cases by county in NJ. . Maps show where the plant is native or “naturalized” (i.e. growing outside of cultivation); it does not distinguish between the two.  May be very difficult or impossible to identify actual native range.  An excellent book that deals with this subject in detail: Bringing Nature Home—How Native Plants Sustain Wildlife in Our Gardens, by Douglas W. Tallamy (available at SHWS).

CULTIVARS (a cultivated variety; indicated by including a name in single quotes (e.g. Panicum virginianum ‘Heavy Metal’).  Selected by a human, not by wildlife, for a specific trait that people like (flower color, bloom time, abundance of petals, presence/absence of fruit).  Cultivars are usually grown as clones (cuttings), not from seeds.  Some cultivars lack the wildlife benefit of the native (e.g. flowers with abundant petals may lack nectar; some shrub cultivars lack fruit).  Widespread use of cultivars diminishes species diversity.  We are selling cultivars only where we could not identify a source for the “native” plant AND we believe the cultivar selected is wildlife friendly.

WEEDS  As many definitions as there are people! Our favorite: . “A weed is a plant that is growing where it wasn’t planted, that is not wanted, and that ‘intends to stay there.” (paraphrased from Sara Stein).  Many common garden weeds favor disturbed soil. . Cultivation (even weeding) disturbs soil, encourages growth and exposes buried seeds. . Plant densely and minimize soil disturbance. If you are patient you will discover that many of your weeds will eventually disappear!  Let some “weeds” grow; many have abundant seeds for birds in the fall!

INVASIVE PLANTS; A small, but frightening, subset of weeds  Most were imported from other parts of the world, often as garden/landscape plants!  Grow out of balance with the environment, often to the exclusion of natives.  They generally have few “pests” away from their original home and as a result: . Gardeners/landscapers choose them because they are described as “deer resistant” or “insect free”.

. No natural controls slow their spread.  Will grow anywhere, not just in disturbed soil, and end up colonizing our natural woods, meadows and wetlands.  May hybridize with native species! The hybrid may have traits that best assure survival (i.e. It resists control both by natural pests and humans).

DEER AND PLANTS

We do not use a designation for deer resistant plants on the plant list. From our experience and reports of purchasers, it is VERY difficult to identify what plants will survive high concentrations of deer. As a general observation, ferns and native grasses are moderately safe; a few others like goldenrod, milkweed, and Penstamon digitalis also do well at SHWS.

REMEMBER …

RULE: If the only plants you have in your yard are those you will be upset if the deer eat, the deer will eat them.

GUIDELINE: Include native grasses, some “weeds,” and an abundance of inexpensive, less “human-desirable” plants that the deer will eat, along with some local protection for those that are important to you.

NEVER PLANT ONE OF ANYTHING without protecting it. Deer will not know that they don’t like it until they taste it. Planting multiples of the same plant will help some survive.

PROTECT plants with temporary fencing until shrubs and trees become well-established and taller than deer can reach (about 5’ to 5 1/2’ above the ground.)

CREATING HABITAT

HABITAT GARDENS NEED THE SAME THREE THINGS THAT WE NEED …

 FOOD – fruit and seed for birds; host plants for caterpillars; nectar and food plants for insects.

 WATER – clean water for drinking and bathing; moving water to attract migrating birds.

 SHELTER – for nesting and raising young and for protection from predators and winter cold.

PLANT in multiples of a variety of plants - think “all you can eat buffet” not “nouvelle cuisine” (one lone nectar plant on a large, bare plate of mowed lawn).

MASS plants together to provide cover and create edges, the most active habitat area.

MINIMIZE fall and early spring cleanup to preserve and increase insect and habitat diversity.

HEIGHT of mature plants should vary to attract a wide range of wildlife.

PLANT LIST PERENNIALS

*= Plant from one of Douglas Tallamy’s best bets top 20 herbaceous plant families for wildlife (http://bringingnaturehome.net/native-gardening/herbaceous-plants) PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM DESCRIPTION KEY TIME ASTER, BLUE WOOD * The aster for the shade garden; masses of tiny flowers on arching stems; lights up S/PS/Sh, NJ, (Symphyotrichum cordifolium, formerly shadows; excellent companion for shade-loving goldenrods; reseeds in the B Aster cordifolius) garden. ASTER, NEW ENGLAND * Deep violet Late blooming NJ native; butterfly favorite; large, bright violet flowers; excellent S/PS, NJ, B (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, 2’ - 6’h x 2’ - 3’w tall companion plant for sun-loving goldenrods; thrives in moist soil but tolerates formerly Aster novae-angliae) Late August - October drier conditions. Light purple Lovely bushy, slow spreading NJ native; favorite of butterflies; companion plant (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii, formerly 3’h x 2’w for goldenrods; parent of many garden cultivars. Aster novi-belgii) Late August - September ASTER, SMOOTH Violet Tough, adaptable species with lovely blue-gray leaves; one of the best asters for S/ PS, NJ, B (Aster laevis) 1’- 3’h x 12”- 16”w gardens; rarely needs staking; drought tolerant. Fall ASTER, BIG-LEAVED Light violet Large, heart-shaped fuzzy foliage; forms dense, spreading ground cover; also PS/S, NJ, B (Aster macrophyllus) 6”- 30”h x 16”- 24”w Called Lumberjack Toilet Paper. Fall

ASTER, WHITE WOOD * White with rose center Asters are a top nectar plant for fall pollinators; adaptable plant that tolerates dry S/PS/S, NJ, (Eurybia divaricata, formerly Aster 1’- 2’h x 12” - 18”w shade; reseeds freely; best in the wild garden. B divaricatus) August - October BEARD TONGUE * White/pink • 2’- 4’h x 14” - Early summer hummingbird favorite with masses of tubular flowers; early S/PS, NJ, B, (Penstemon digitalis) 18”w flowers for pollinators in the meadow garden. H June-July BERGAMONT, WILD * Pale violet flowers • 36"h x Spreading favorite nectar plant for many butterflies; excellent in both traditional S/PS, NJ, B, (Monarda fistulosa) 18“w gardens and meadow plantings; tolerates poor, dry soil. H July BLAZING STAR Rosy lavender • 24”- 48”h x Spikes of bright lavender flowers; dense, narrow leaves; clump forming, prefers S, NJ, BF, H (Liatris spicata) 12” - 18”w moist, well-drained soil; attracts butterflies and hummingbirds. August - October BLUE FALSE INDIGO Violet blue Showy indigo-blue flowers on tapering spikes; vigorous, adaptable; fast to S/PS, NJ (Baptisia australis) 3’- 4’h x 3’w mature from seed; moist to dry conditions.. Spring CARDINAL FLOWER * Scarlet red • 32"h x 12“w Tall spikes of deep red; hummingbird favorite; prefers moist soil but tolerates S/PS, NJ, B, (Lobelia cardinalis) July-September drier garden condition; scatter its seeds to encourage new plants. H

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM DESCRIPTION KEY TIME COLUMBINE Red spurs, yellow sepals Early season nectar for hummingbirds; charming woodland plant that gently PS/S, NJ, C, (Aquilegia canadensis) 10”- 24"h x 8” - 12”w reseeds H April-June CONEFLOWER, PURPLE Rose with orange/brown center Flowers attract a variety of butterflies and insect pollinators; seeds a favorite of S/PS, B, BF (Echinacea purpurea) 26” - 40"h x 18” - 24”w goldfinches. July - August CONEFLOWER, YELLOW Yellow • 2’- 3’h x 1’ - 1.5’w Grows easily in full sun in average soil; after blooming, seeds provide food for S, B, BF (Echinacea paradoxa) June – August gold-finches CONEFLOWER, PALE PURPLE Pale purple Narrow dark green leaves and large daisy-like flowers; adaptable, drought S/PS, B (Echinacea pallida) 2’- 3’h x 1’ - 1.5’w tolerant; dry to medium well-drained soil; best in full sun. June - July

CULVER'S ROOT White • 48"h x 24”w Substitute for invasive Butterfly Bush; curved spikes of flowers for butterflies; S/PS, NJ, B (Veronicastrum virginicum) August - September charming but under-used garden plant. CUP PLANT Yellow Large flowers at top of plant; cups formed by leaves hold water that birds drink S/PS, NJ, (Silphium perfoliatum) 3’ – 8’ h x 4’ – 5’ w after eating the seeds; good for moist spot in large garden. BF Summer DOWNY WOOD MINT Blue, purple Also called Ohio horsemint; showy flower; dry to medium well-drained soil; S/PS, NJ (Blephilia ciliata) 1’ – 2.5’ h x .75’ – 1.5’ w forms clumps; similar in appearance to monarda; leaves are mildly fragrant when May - August crushed. FALSE ASTER White; occasionally pink Showy flower good for cutting; easily grown in average, well-drained soil; best SW/PS, NJ, (Boltonia asteroides) 3’ – 4’ h x 3’ w in full sun; tiny, daisy-like flowers B August - September FIRE PINK Red • 8” - 14"h x 12“w Brilliant red tubular flowers favored by hummingbirds; prefers moist, well- S/PS, NJ, H (Silene virginica) July - August drained soil. FRINGE-LEAF WILD PETUNIA Lavender, lilac-blue Showy, tubular, bell-shaped flowers up to 3” long appearing singly or in clusters; S/PSh, NJ, (Ruellia humilis) 1.5’ – 2’ h x 1.5’ – 2’ w leaves and stems are hairy; good plant for a rain garden. B May - October

GOATSBEARD Creamy white • 3’ - 6’h x 3’w Favorite nectar plant for small insects; airy flower spikes and frond-like leaves; PS/Sh, NJ (Aruncus dioicus) May - June male and female flowers on separate plants.

GOLDENROD, LANCELEAFED (Solidago Graminifolia) INDIGO, WILD (YELLOW) Yellow Grows well in average soil in full sun to part shade; tolerates drought and poor S/PS, B (Baptisia tinctoria) 2’ - 3’ h x 2’ - 3’ w soil; flowers attract butterflies and give way to small inflated seed pods that turn May - June black when ripe in the fall

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM DESCRIPTION KEY TIME INDIAN PINK (SPIGELIA) Bright red, yellow interior SE native; hummingbird favorite; great, well behaved garden plant rare in the PS/Sh, H (Spigelia marilandica) 12” - 18”h x 12” - 16”w trade; prefers fertile, moist soil; slow to establish; dead-head for more blooms. July - August IRIS, CRESTED Pale blue to lavender; Attractive, pale blue to lavender flowers with gold crests on short stems; low PS, NJ (Iris cristata) 6” - 8”h x 6” - 12”w growing, rapidly spreading in rich, moist, well-drained soil; creeping rhizomes April need to remain free of soil or mulch IRIS, NORTHERN BLUE FLAG * Blue-violet Our native blue flag iris; thrives best in shallows at the edge of a stream or pond; S/PS, NJ, H (Iris versicolor) 3’ - 4’h x 2’w being replaced in the wild by the vigorous, alien, invasive Yellow Iris. June IRONWEED, NEW YORK Purple • 5' - 8'h x 3’ - 4’w Tall, dramatic nectar plant for many butterflies and insects; thrives in both damp S/PS, NJ, B (Vernonia noveboracensis) August - October and dry soils. IRONWOOD, UPLAND (Veronia glauca) JACOBS LADDER Blue • 10” - 16”h x 12” – 14”w Woodland plant that naturalizes easily; fern-like foliage topped by bell-shaped PS, NJ (Polemonium reptans) May clear blue spring flowers. JOE PYE WEED, Big, beautiful butterfly favorite; fibrous root system that occasionally throws out PS, NJ, B, C HOLLOWSTEMMED * rhizomes; native to rich, neutral to slightly acidic wet to moist soil; adapts easily (Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus, formerly to drier garden conditions with even moisture; not drought tolerant. Eupatorium fistulosum) JOE PYE WEED, Big, beautiful butterfly plant; refers rich, moist, neutral to slightly acidic soils but S/PS, NJ, B, SPOTTED * tolerates drier conditions and poor soil with continuous moisture; forms colonies; C (Eupatoriadelphus maculatus, formerly can be used for seasonal privacy screening; spotted stems. Eupatorium maculatum) JOE PYE WEED, SWEET- White changing to purple/pink Imposing nectar plant for moist to average garden soil; large flower heads on tall, S/PS, NJ, B SCENTED * 48"h x 24“w sturdy stems; butterfly and pollinator favorite; tall plant suitable for summer (Eupatorium purpureum) July - September privacy screening in the summer garden; solid pith in stems. Blue • 30"h x 12” - 16 “w Spikes of blue flowers attract hummingbirds and large butterflies; prefers moist S/PS, NJ, B, (Lobelia siphilitica) July-September soil but happy in regular garden conditions once established. H MALLOW, ROSE Creamy white with deep red Shrubby wetland perennial with sturdy stems growing from the center; numerous S, B, C (Hibiscus moscheutos) base showy, white flowers can measure 6” across; leaves are broad and heart shaped; 3’ - 8’h butterfly caterpillar host. July - September MEEHAN’S MINT Violet to white Also called Creeping Mint; a low, creeping mint; prefers damp, shaded spots; PS/Sh, NJ (Meehania cordata) 3” – 6” h x 16” w flowers are 1” tubes flaring to a 2-lobed white lip with purple spots; prefers May - June moist, humus rich soil with filtered or morning sun; good ground cover.

MILKWEED, BUTTERFLY WEED * Bright orange A top butterfly plant for drier soil; host for Monarch caterpillars; brilliant orange S,/PS, NJ, B, (Asclepias tuberosa) 1’ - 3’h x 2’w flowers; ideal for the meadow garden with other sun-loving flowers and grasses. C July - August

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM DESCRIPTION KEY TIME MILKWEED, PURPLE* Rose-pink to purple; 2’ - 3’h x Easily grown, adaptable milkweed; drought tolerant; leaves are food source for S, NJ, B, C (Asclepias purpurescens) 1’ - 3’w monarch butterfly larvae May - July MILKWEED, SWAMP * Pink • 2’ - 4’h x 2’w A top nectar plant for butterflies; host for Monarch caterpillars; lovely flowers; S/PS, NJ, C, (Asclepias incarnata) July - August prefers moist soil in the wild but easily established in average garden conditions. B MILKWEED, GREEN Green with purple hood; Showy flower consists of tiny green flowers with purple hoods growing in S, B (Asclepias viridiflora) 1’– 2.5’h x 1’ – 2’w umbels on tall upright stems; dry to medium moisture; will self-seed and spreads May - July by rhizomes.

MILKWEED, WHORLED White or pale green Very narrow, linear leaves in whorls of 3 – 6; showy flowers; will self-seed and S/PS, NJ, C, (Asclepias verticillata) 1’ – 2’ h x 16” w spreads by rhizomes. B, H June - September MISTFLOWER * Blue-violet Spreading (but easy to control); favorite nectar plant with intense, clear blue S/PS, NJ, B (Conoclinium coelestinum, 2’ - 3’h x 3’w flowers similar to those of annual ageratum; long bloom period; dead-head as formerly Eupatorium coelestinum) August - September bloom ends to prevent reseeding. MOUNTAIN MINT, NARROWLEAF White One of the leading nectar plants for all sorts of pollinators; spreads by rhizomes; S/PS, NJ, B (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium) 12” - 18"h x 2’ - 3’w flowers best in full sun; tolerates dry soil. July - September MOUNTAIN MINT, VIRGINIA White Spreading favorite nectar plant for pollinators; best flowering in full sun. S/PS, B (Pycnanthemum virginianum) 1’ - 3’h x 1’ - 3’w July - September MOUNTAIN MINT, WHORLED White Spreading favorite nectar plant for pollinators; best flowering in full sun. S/PS, B (Pycnanthemum pilosum) 1’ - 3’h x 1’ - 3’w July - September NODDING ONION Pink • 1’-1.5’h x 3”-6”w Tiny bell-shaped, pink to lilac pink (occasionally white) flowers which appear in S, PS, B (Allium cernum) June - August loose, nodding clusters; self-seeds and bulb offsets. OHIO SPIDERWORT Deep blue to rose blue Forms clumps that should be divided when they become overcrowded; easily S/PS, NJ (Tradescantia ohiensis) 2’ – 3’h x 1.5’ – 2.5’ w grown; drought tolerant; cut back to 6” – 12” mid-summer to encourage new May- July growth. PHLOX, SUMMER* Magenta to pink or white Largest and latest blooming phlox; fragrant flowers attract butterflies and S/PS, B, H (Phlox paniculta) 2’ - 4’ h x hummingbirds; prefers full sun to light shade in medium moist soil; July - September PHLOX, MEADOW* Pinkish purple Sweetly aromatic flowers attract butterflies and hummingbirds; erect plants grow S/PS, NJ, B, (Phlox maculata) 2’ - 3’h x 1’ - 2’w easily in medium moist soil, no staking needed; need watering during extended H June - August drought period but avoid overhead watering PHLOX, MOSS* Red-purple to violet-purple Slowly spreading ground cover grows best in medium moisture; very tolerant of S/PS, NJ, B (Phlox subulata) 3” – 6” h heat and drought but appreciates some dappled sun in height of summer; tolerates March to May deer PURPLE POPPY MALLOW Magenta Forms low foliage mounds that spread along the ground; solitary, upward-facing S, (Callirhoe involuctrata) .5’ – 1’h x .5’ – 3’w flowers appear from mid-spring to fall; a low maintenance plant that tolerates May - June drought or dry soil.

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM DESCRIPTION KEY TIME RAGWORT, GOLDEN Bright yellow Great plant for early spring color in a moist spot; Stems and flower buds are S/Sh, NJ, (Senecio aureus) 1’ - 3’ h x 0.5 - 1.5’ w purple, then turn into bright yellow daisies; shade to sun in consistently moist soil B April - May ROSE MALLOW Mixed colors (red, white or Native hibiscus; butterfly favorite; dramatic flowers; prefers rich, evenly moist S, NJ, B, H (Hibiscus moscheutos) pink) soil. 3'h x 3’w • July SNEEZEWEED Imposing plant with masses of yellow daisy-like flowers; prefers rich soils; does S, NJ, B (Helenium autumnale) August - October well in gardens with reliable moisture; ideal for pond edge or damp meadow. SOLOMON’S PLUME Creamy white Clump forming woodland perennial featuring gracefully arched stems of alternate PS, NJ, BF (Maianthemum racemosum) 2’ - 3’ h x 1.5’ -2’ w leaves; plume like creamy white flower spikes appear at the tip of stems in early April - May spring followed by berries that turn red in summer; easily grown in average, well- drained soil in part shade SOLOMON'S SEAL, GIANT White Tall version of gently spreading plant of moist woodlands; white bell-like flowers S, NJ (Polygonatum commutatum / P. 1’ - 3’h x 16” - 2’w suspended from graceful arched stems. biflorum)) May - June STONECROP White Adaptable evergreen groundcover with small, succulent leaves; great for rock PS/Sh, C (Sedum ternatum) 4” - 8”h gardens; sprays of tiny, starry, white flowers; food plant for butterfly caterpillars April - June (Variegated Fritillary) SUNFLOWER, FALSE Yellow • 3’ - 5’h x 3’w Eastern native with profuse, daisy-like yellow flowers; excellent, adaptable in the S/PS, NJ, B, (Heliopsis helianthoides) July - August garden where it forms a non-spreading clump. BF SUNFLOWER, PALELEAF* Yellow Woodland sunflower that adds late summer color to partly shaded areas; PS, B, BF (Helianthus strumosus) 3’ - 5’ h brightens up woodland edges, forest openings, and spots with dappled shade; August - October attracts birds, butterflies and bees SUNFLOWER, SWAMP Purple disc with yellow rays Prefers moist conditions; found in swamps and wet meadows; great numbers of S/PS, NJ, (Helianthus Augustifolius) 5’ – 9’h x 3’ – 4’w flowers grow in clusters on upper quarter of stems; forms clumps that gradually BF October increase in size by rhizomes. TICKSEED Yellow • 3’ - 8’ h x 2’ - 8’ w Tall plant with daisy like flowers atop slender, erect stems; tolerates poor soil and S, B, BF (Coreopsis tripteris) July - October drought; attracts butterflies; Goldfinches love the seeds TRILLIUM, PAINTED White with red-purple center Prefers cool, moist, acidic soil; native to dap woods and bog margins. Sh Trillium undulatum 8” – 20”h x 12”w Late spring TRILLIUM, RED Maroon Likes moist, acidic soil; has a vigorous clumping habit. Sh Trillium erectum “6 –20”h x 12” – 18”w Spring TRILLIUM, YELLOW Yellow Showy, fragrant yellow flower and colorful leaf; it needs regular watering; Sh Trillium luteum 1’ – 1.5’h x 1’ – 1.5’w flowers may have faint lemony scent; forms clumps and spreads slowly by April – May rhizomes if undisturbed. VERVAIN * Blue • 2’ - 4’h x 12” - 16”w Candelabra-like flowers open slowly for bloom period; substitute for the invasive S/PS, NJ, (Verbena hastata) July - September Purple Loosestrife; thrives in moist to damp meadow soils. B VIOLET, LABRADOR * Lavender • 3" - 6"h x 8” - 12”w Early blooming violet with burgundy to purple/green leaves; excellent ground S/PS/Sh, NJ, (Viola labradorica) cover mixed with other small wandering woodland plants; ants spread its seeds. B

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM DESCRIPTION KEY TIME VIRGINIA BLUEBELLS Blue Flower buds are pink and flowers turn blue; foliage dies to the ground mid- Sh, NJ (Mertensia virginica) 1– 2’h x 1’ – 1.5’ w summer. Best massed in moist, shady woodland. March – April-- VIRGINIA SPIDERWORT Violet blue Three bright violet-blue flower petals surround showy yellow stamens; each PS, Sh (Tradescantia virginica) 1.5’ - 3’ h x 1’ – 1.5’ w flower lasts one day, but new flowers appear daily; arching, lily-like, dark green leaves; clump forming in moist, well-drained soil. WHITE TURTLEHEAD White • 3’h x 2’w Spreading favorite of butterflies and other insects; excellent companion plant for PS, NJ, C, (Chelone glabra) August - September Cardinal Flower; prefers moist soil but adaptable to drier garden conditions. B, H WILD LEEK Creamy white Spring woodland groundcover and wild onion; prefers moist shade; lush leaves, Sh, NJ (Allium tricoccum) 8”h reddish stalks, and pungent bulbs are edible and used in traditional Appalachian June - July cooking; foliage goes dormant in June and is followed by creamy white flowers and then seeds; deer tolerant WINTERGREEN white • 3” - 6"h x 12“w Easiest Gaultheria to grow; prefers dry shade with rich, acidic soil; colorful red S/PS/Sh, NJ (Gaultheria procumbens) June - July fruit lingers in winter; fruit production best with spring sun; groundcover.

NATIVE SHRUBS AND TREES

Some of the following plants are dioecious (with male and female flowers appearing on separate plants). For these plants, only plants with female flowers will bear fruit and an appropriate male plant must be close enough for pollinators to bring pollen to the female plant’s flowers to ensure fruit set. Depending on the size and location of your property, you may not need to have the appropriate male plant in your garden for a female plant to set fruit. Our suppliers grow their plants from seed and do not know the sex of the plants they give to us. Therefore, to increase the likelihood of acquiring both female and male plants, we suggest that you buy multiples of dioecious plants like Winterberry Holly and Spice Bush.

*= Plant from one of Douglas Tallamy’s best bets top 20 woody plant families for wildlife habitat (http://bringingnaturehome.net/native-gardening/woody-plants) PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM TIME DESCRIPTION KEY AZALEA, PINXTERBLOOM White to pink Deciduous; flowers have strong fragrance reminiscent of honeysuckle; provide S/PS, NJ, H, (Azalea periclymenoides) 6’ - 8’ h nectar for butterflies and other pollinators and great cover for birds; prefers full B April into May sun and moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter; shade tolerant AZALEA, SWAMP White and lavender Deciduous; blooms abundantly in summer; white flowers have spicy, clove-like S/PS, NJ, H, (Azalea viscosum) 8’ - 10’ h fragrance; attract hummingbirds and butterflies; foliage turns flame red in fall; B grows in full sun to part shade in moist, acidic soil; somewhat drought tolerant AZALEA, SWEET White to blush pink Deciduous, fast growing; prefers slightly acidic, moist yet well-drained soil rich in PS, NJ, B (Azalea arborescens) 4’ to 12’ h organic matter; great for woodland slopes; does best in morning sun and dappled May - June shade mid-day; fragrant flowers attract butterflies, bees and other beneficial insects; shiny green foliage turns orange to crimson in fall BLACK GUM (TUPELO) Greenish white flowers/dark blue fruit Prefers moist, acidic soil in full sun to part shade and does also well in woodland S/PS, NJ, (Nyssa sylvatica) 30’ - 50’ h x 20’ - 30’ w gardens; flowers are inconspicuous, but excellent nectar source for bees; fruit BF May - June matures to dark blue and attracts birds and other wildlife; female trees need male pollinators to set fruit; spectacular scarlet fall color BLUEBERRY, LOWBUSH * White flowers; blue fruit • 18" - 24" Something for everyone: nectar for early spring butterflies and hummingbirds, S/PS, NJ, B, (Vaccinium angustifolium) May - June habitat for caterpillars, fruit for birds, and wonderful fall color; prefers dry soil. C, BF, H BUTTONBUSH Creamy white • 3’ - 8’h x 3’ - 6’w Butterfly favorite; alternative for invasive Butterfly Bush; lovely round "button" S/PS/S, NJ, (Cephalanthus occidentalis) July - August flowers glow against glossy leaves; does well in standard garden conditions once B established; thrives in wet soil and standing water; appealing nectar plant CAROLINA ROSE Pink; 3’ - 6’h x 5’ - 10’ w Beautiful native rose with showy, fragrant flowers; deciduous shrub, prefers well- S/PS, B. BF (Rosa carolina) May drained, moist soils in sun, but tolerates some shade; red rose hips in late summer CHOKEBERRY, BLACK White flowers/purple-black fruit Small shrub that tolerates dry to wet soils in full sun to part shade; white, flat- S/PS, NJ (Photinia Melanocarpa) 6’ - 10’ h topped flower clusters are followed by purple-black fruit; attractive to birds; BF May glossy dark green foliage turns crimson red in the fall DOGWOOD, FLOWERING White (bracts) Prefers moist, organically rich, acidic soils in part shade; does best when roots are PS, NJ, B, (Cornus florida) 15’ – 30’ h x 15’ – 30’ w kept cool and moist during hot summer months; showy white petals around flower BF April - May clusters help attract butterflies and bright red berries in the fall are loved by birds ELDERBERRY Creamy white flowers, deep purple fruit Adaptable plant if soil does not get too dry; nectar for pollinators; favorite fruit for S/PS, NJ, B, (Sambucus canadensis) 5' - 10'h x 3’ - 8’w • May birds. BF HOLLY, INKBERRY Bronze-green, black fruit Evergreen, adaptable plant; small size and neat, slow growth habit; male and S/PS, NJ, (Ilex glabra) 3' - 6'h x 3’ - 6’w female flowers on separate plants; excellent native for foundation plantings. BF May

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM TIME DESCRIPTION KEY HOLLY, WINTERBERRY Greenish flowers, red berries Fruit for winter birds on female plants (dioecious with separate male & female S/PS, NJ, (Ilex verticillata) 6' - 10'h x 6’ - 10’w plants); non-cultivar rarely found in the trade; prefers moist to damp soil. BF May - June HONEYSUCKLE, CORAL* Bright red exterior/orange interior Native alternative! to invasive Japanese honeysuckle; easily distinguished by S/PS, NJ, H, (Lonicera sempervirens) Twining woody vine to 20’ combination of climbing habit, glaucous leaves, and red terminal flower clusters; B, BF, C April to May flowers profusely from early to mid-spring; red tubular flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies; red berries attract birds in the fall; prefers full sun and does best trailing on trellis or along fence MAGNOLIA, SWEETBAY White Attractive small tree with sweetly fragrant, white flowers in late spring and bright S/PS, NJ (Magnolia virginiana) 15’ - 20’ h x 10’- 15’ w red berries in the fall; prefers moist, rich, acidic soils in full sun to part shade; BF May – June tolerates wet soils MAPLE, SUGAR Greenish Spectacular fall color; prefers medium-moist, well-drained soil in full sun to part S/PS, NJ (Acer saccharum) 40’ - 80’ h x 30’ - 60’ w • April shade; intolerant of compacted soil and road salt; MEADOWSWEET White to pale pink • 2' - 5'h x 2’ - 5’w Substitute for invasive Butterfly Bush; pollinator favorite with arching stems; long S/PS, NJ, B (Spiraea latifolia) July - August bloom period; cut back hard in early spring to encourage bloom. NEW JERSEY TEA White Compact, dense, rounded shrub with showy, fragrant flowers; attracts humming- S/PS, NJ, H, (Ceanothus Americanus) 3’ - 4’ h x 3’ - 5’ w birds and butterflies; grows well in average, well-drained soil in full sun to part B May - July shade; drought tolerant; dried leaves can be used for tea PAW PAW Purple to maroon Large, edible fruit favored by small mammals; fruit best in full sun; need even S/PS, NJ, C (Asimina triloba) 8’ - 25’h x 6’ - 10’w moisture; tropical looking foliage; pollinated by beetles and flies. April - May PERSIMMON, AMERICAN Inconspicuous, white flowers in May; Two plants minimum for female trees need male pollinator in order to set fruit; S/PS, NJ (Diospyros virginiana) Showy, orange fruit in the fall (2” dia) Edible fruit mature in fall to orange to reddish-purple color and can persist on tree 35’ - 60’ h into winter; grows easily in average soil conditions in sun to part shade; PUSSY WILLOW Yellow/green Prefers full sun and thrives in moist, well-drained soils, but tolerates somewhat S/PS (AMERICAN) 6’ - 15’ h x 4’ - 12’w drier conditions better than other pussy willows; male plants produce the showy (Salix discolor) March - April late winter catkins RASPBERRY, PURPLE- Reddish purple; 3’ - 4’ h Thornless raspberry species with showy rose-like flowers and sweet, flavorful PS, BF FLOWERING June - August (blooms) edible fruit; part sun to part shade in moist well-drained soil; good for slopes (Rubus odoratus) July - August (fruit) REDBUD* Deep pink • 12’ - 25’h x 10’ - 20’w Small specimen or understory tree for the edge of the woodland garden; S/PS, NJ (Cercis canadensis) April spectacular spring bloomer; showy purplish-pink flowers open along bare branches before leaves emerge; heart shaped leaves and attractive fall color ROSE, VIRGINIA * Pink • 4' - 6'h x 3’ - 6’w Single, scented pink flowers often in clusters; fruit for winter birds; red fall S/PS, NJ, (Rosa virginiana) June - July foliage; adaptable; spreads slowly to form a mounded thicket. BF SASSAFRAS Yellow-green • 30' - 60'h x 12’ - 35’w Fruit for fall birds on female trees; usually dioecious (male and female flowers on S/PS, NJ, C, (Sassafras albidum) April - May separate plants); orange to red foliage in fall; mitten-shaped leaves; adaptable. BF SHADBUSH White flowers; blue fruit Early spring flowers for insects followed by edible fruit for us if the birds don't get S/PS, NJ, (Amelanchier canadensis) 10' - 20’ x 5’ - 10’ it first; adaptable plant that tolerates dry garden soil once established. BF April SWEET PEPPERBUSH Ivory • 4' - 9'h x 4’ x12’w Butterfly favorite; a native alternative to invasive Butterfly Bush; blooms in S/PS, NJ, B (SUMMERSWEET) July - August midsummer; sweet scent in the garden; non-cultivar unusual in the trade. (Clethra alnifolia)

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM TIME DESCRIPTION KEY VIBURNUM, White flowers/bluish-black fruit Creamy white, flat-topped flower clusters are followed by attractive bluish-black S/PS, NJ, ARROWWOOD 6’ - 10’ h x 6’ - 10’ w fruit in the fall; easily grown in average, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade; B, BF (Viburnum dentatum) May - June excellent reddish fall color VIBURNUM, CRANBERRY White flowers/red fruit Clusters of white lacecap flowers in spring are followed by edible, red fruit in the S/PS, NJ, (Viburnum trilobum) 8’ - 12’ h x 8’ - 12’ w fall; prefers evenly moist, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade; B, BF April - May VIBURNUM, POSSUMHAW White flowers/purple fruit Easily grown in medium to wet, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade; Fall S/PS, NJ, (Viburnum nudum) 5’ - 12’ h x 5’ - 12’ w fruit turns from pink to purplish black; foliage turns dark reddish purple in the fall B, BF WITCH-HAZEL Yellow • 8' - 20' h x 8’ - 20’w The NJ Witch-Hazel; rare in the trade; blooms open in fall as leaves drop; prefers S/PS/Sh, NJ, (Hamamelis virginiana) November - December moist to moderately dry soils; extends bloom season in the garden. BF

NATVE GRASSES AND SEDGES

Use these grass and sedge plants as replacements for non-native accent plants and a way to include native grasses in the smaller garden. For habitat restoration or plantings for larger spaces, use smaller, less expensive grass plugs.

*= Plant from one of Douglas Tallamy’s best bets top 20 herbaceous plant families for wildlife (http://bringingnaturehome.net/native-gardening/herbaceous-plants) PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM TIME DESCRIPTION KEY BOTTLEBRUSH GRASS Green to brown Attractive bristly flower heads rise well above foliage in summer, mature to S/PS, BF, (Elymus hystrix) 2.5’ - 3’ h x 1’ - 1.5’ w brown in late summer and persist into winter; tolerates a wide range of soil NJ June - October conditions in sun to part shade; deer tolerant

PURPLE LOVE GRASS Soft reddish-purple In late summer fine-textured, stiff flower heads appear like reddish-purple clouds S (Eragrostis spectabilis) 1’ -2’ h x 1’ - 2’ w hovering above the ground; prefers sandy or gravelly loam in full sun; good as cut July - August and dried flowers TUFTED HAIR GRASS, Tones of gold, silver, purple and green. Clump-forming cool season grass; grows well in moderate shade but will not PS, NJ, BF (Deschampsia cespitosa) 2’ – 3’h x 1’ – 2’w flower as well; cut old foliage to the ground in late winter; remove flowering July – September stems in fall or leave for winter interest.

NATIVE FERNS

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM TIME DESCRIPTION KEY CHRISTMAS FERN 24 - 26"h x 14” - 24”w Evergreen, once-divided, leathery deep-green fronds; easy to grow, adaptable, Sh, NJ (Polystichum acrostichoides) typical fern of the NJ woodlands. CINNAMON FERN 30"h x 2’ - 4’w Cinnamon-colored fertile fronds emerge before green sterile fronds; stately, PS/Sh, NJ, (Osmunda cinnamomea) handsome plant provides vertical accent and nesting material for hummingbirds. H HAYSCENTED FERN 16” - 24"h x 3’ - 4’w Aggressive, fast spreading fern; quickly covers large areas; ideal in poor, acid soils PS/Sh, NJ (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) ranging from dry to moist; best as groundcover away from more delicate plants. LADY FERN 20” - 30”h x 2’w Easy to grow in moist shade; feathery fronds; the “typical” fern. PS/Sh, NJ

PLANT COLOR/SIZE/BLOOM TIME DESCRIPTION KEY (Athyrium filix-femina) LEATHERWOOD FERN 24 - 30"h x 18“ - 24”w Evergreen, shiny fronds; strong, upright, and vigorous; makes a pool of green in the PS/Sh, NJ (MARGINAL WOOD FERN) shade; endures considerable dry spells. (Dryopteris marginalis) MAIDENHAIR FERN 18" - 24"h x 2’w Delicate rounded fronds that spread slowly through the shade garden. Sh, NJ (Adiantum pedatum) OSTRICH FERN 2’ - 4’h x 3’ - 6’w Imposing plume-like fronds create either a handsome focal point or stunning PS/Sh, NJ (Matteuccia struthiopteris) backdrop for other shade lovers; waits 2-3 years and then spreads. ROYAL FERN 2’ - 4’h x 2’ - 4’w Dramatic in moist, sunny locations but almost as happy in damp woodland S/PS, NJ (Osmunda regalis) conditions. SENSITIVE FERN 10” - 24’h x 2’ - 4’w Easy to grow in spite of its sensitivity to light frost; adaptable to all light levels; S/PS/Sh, NJ (Onoclea sensibilis) prefers moist to wet soil but does well in drier conditions.

RESOURCES

NEW ENGLAND WILDFLOWER SOCIETY GUIDES TO USING, GROWING, & PROPAGATING NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE PLANTS by William Cullina In 3 separate books … WILDFLOWERS TREES, SHRUBS, & VINES NATIVE FERNS, MOSS, & GRASSES Three big, beautiful, award-winning books that include information on definitions of native plants, plant hardiness, cultivation tips, plant descriptions including wildlife and garden value, detailed propagation information, lists of plants for various uses and growing conditions, native plant societies, and selected gardens, arboreta, and display collections specializing in native plants.

BRINGING NATURE HOME: HOW NATIVE PLANTS SUSTAIN WILDLIFE IN OUR GARDENS by Douglas W. Tallamy

Passionate book focusing on the importance and impact of native plants on wildlife. Chapters include the impact of suburbanization on wildlife, biodiversity, maintenance of balanced plant and animal communities, use of native plants in the suburban gardens, and an overview of the insect families that are the main food source for most of our birds and other critters. The author is an entomologist by training. His knowledge of the basic role of all insects in our ecosystem runs through every page of this volume. See Tallamy’s website for lists of the most wildlife friendly plants for habitat creation (http://bringingnaturehome.net/) .

ATTRACTING NATIVE POLLINATORS: PROTECTING NORTH AMERICA’S BEES AND BUTTERFLIES by The Xerces Society.

All things pollinator: importance, biology, identification, threats, habitat creation (everything from a small backyard to a large, corporate campus), overwintering, basic host plants, and so much more from the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation.

NATIVE PLANTS OF THE NORTHEAST: A GUIDE FOR GARDENING & CONSERVATION by Donald J. Leopold

Comprehensive one volume guide to growing almost 700 ferns, grasses, flowers, vines shrubs and trees native to the northeastern quarter of North America. Includes lists of plants that tolerate wet soil, dry soil, and shade and similar lists of plants that attract butterflies, hummingbirds, birds and mammals.

WEBSITES

Backyard Habitat section, New Jersey Audubon Society, http://www.njaudubon.org/SectionBackyardHabitat/Welcome.aspx How-to, habitat plant selection, plant lists, plant sale information and lots more, all tailored to New Jersey’s diverse environment.

Bringing Nature Home website, Douglas Tallamy http://bringingnaturehome.net/ Includes lists of leading plant families for wildlife habitat plus the complete lists from the main study under the heading “What should I plant?”

The Plants National Database. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://plants.usda.gov Includes interactive maps for individual plant distributions down to the county level for each U.S. state, pictures of plants, and, for many plants, links to fact sheets with detailed descriptions of growth patterns and wildlife appeal. Searchable by scientific name, common name, and state.

Plantfinder from the Missouri Botanical Garden’s William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening. http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantinfo.shtml Plant profiles including habitat and garden uses for native and introduced plants including cultivars.

Central Jersey Invasive Plants Strike Team, http://www.cjisst.org/ Includes profiles of both newly identified invasive plants and wide-spread invasives in our part of NJ. Useful fact sheets with good information for plant identification including how to tell the aggressive plants from similar natives.

Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, http://www.invasive.org/ Clearinghouse for information about all types of invasive plants and animals, often with national distribution maps.

KEY: S: full sun PS: part sun Sh: shade, NJ: NJ native, B: Attracts butterflies, BF: Bird food, C: Caterpillar host plant, H: Attracts hummingbirds