Formatting the Works Cited Page

 The title Works Cited should be centered at the top of the page.

 Full citation listings should be included for every source you cite in your paper.

 Sources should be listed alphabetically.

 Do not number the sources.

 Use Times New Roman, 12 point font, double spaced just like your paper.

 Format each citation to have a hanging indent. Highlight the citation, go to the Paragraph menu, and then change the indentation to hanging.

MLA Citation Guide

The following chart provides you with examples of the MLA citation types you will use to create your Works Cited page. The bolded citations are the ones you ae most likely to use.

Citing Books Book citations in MLA generally require the author name, work title, publication city, publisher, year published, and an indication of the publication medium, such as print.

General Format:

Author Last Name, Author First Name. Work Title. Publication City: Publisher, Year Published. Publication Medium. General book format Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma. New York: Penguin Group, 2006. Print. Single Author Pollan, Michael. Two or three authors Bell, James K., and Adrian A. Cohn. More than three authors Kernis, Michael. et al. More than seven authors Kernis, Michael. et al. Corporate/Organization American Psychiatric Association. author Unknown author Oxford Essential World Atlas. Two or more works by the No change to name format; change is noted by title. same author Two or more works by the No change to name format; change is noted by title. same author in the same year Author with an editor Poston, Ted. A Draft of History. Ed. Kathleen A. Hauke. Author with a translator Laplace, P.S. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Trans. F. W. Truscott and F. L. Emory. Editor with no author

Consequences of Growing Up Poor. Eds. G.J. Duncan and J. Brooks‐

Gunn. Work in an anthology Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben

Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24‐34. Print.

Edition other than first Helfer, M.S., R.S. Keme, and R.D. Drugman. The Battered Child. 5th ed. Multivolume work Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. P. Wiener. 4 Vols. Encyclopedia/Dictionary Posner, Rebecca. “Romance Languages.” The Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia. 15th ed. 1987. Print. Foreword, introduction, Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Introduction. Permanence and Change: An preface, or afterword Anatomy of Purpose. Articles in Periodicals Although periodicals are cited similarly to most book sources, MLA’s seventh edition makes some distinctions specific to periodicals.

General Format: Author Last Name, Author First Name. “Article Title.” Periodical Title Publication Date or Edition/Issue Number: Page numbers. Publication medium. Magazine

Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too‐Close Call." Time 20 Nov.

2000: 70‐71. Print.

Journal paginated by issue Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15.1 (1996): 41‐50. Print.

Daily newspaper Krugman, Andrew. "Fear of Eating." New York Times 21 May 2007. A1. Print. Editorial in newspaper “Of Mines and Men." Editorial. Wall Street Journal east. ed. 24 Oct. 2003: A14. Print. Letter to the editor Hamer, John. Letter. American Journalism Review Dec. 2006/Jan. 2007: 7. Print. Book or film review Seitz, Matt Zoller. "Life in the Sprawling Suburbs, If You Can Really Call ItLiving." Rev. of Radiant City, dir. Gary Burns and Jim Brown. New York Times 30 May 2007 late ed.: E1. Print. Online Sources MLA guidelines for most online sources were developed under the assumption that content can be found online as long as information, such as author and title, were included. Therefore, MLA does not require a URL listing. MLA citation of online sources does, however, ask for a publisher or sponsor of the webpage. Authors for websites are often corporations, or governments (Hacker).

General Format:

Author. Title of Site. Sponsor, Date created (use n.d. if not given). Medium. Date accessed. Entire Website United States Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Standards. EPA, 8 July 2004. Web. 24 Jan. 2006. Page from Website Shiva, Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third World Issue.” Nativeweb. Nativeweb, n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2006. Page from Website with “Media Giants.” Frontline: The Merchants of Cool. PBS Online, unknown author 2001. Web. 7 Feb. 2006. Image from a Website Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid. Museo National del Prado. Web. 22 May 2006. Online book Milton, John. Paradise Lost: Book I. Poetryfoundation.org. Poetry Foundation, 2008. Web. 14 Dec. 2008. Portion of an online book Adams, Henry. “Diplomacy.” The Education of Henry Adams. By Adams. Boston: Houghton, 1918. N. pag. Bartleby.com: Great Books Online. Web. 8 Jan 2007. Article in an online journal Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree.” The

Journal of Higher Education 30.3 (1959): 140‐ 145. Web. 5 Dec. 2008. Article in an online Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: magazine/newspaper For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. Entire blog Mayer, Caroline. The Checkout. Washington Post, 10 Jan. 2007. Web. 19 Jan. 2007. Article from an Online Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth- Database Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173- 96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009. Response in a blog Editor, screen name, author, or compiler name (if available). “Posting Title.” Name of Site. Version number (if available). Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Medium of publication. Date of access. CD-ROM “Pimpernel.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. Boston; Houghton, 2000. CDROM. E-mail Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." Message to the author.

15 Nov. 2000. E‐mail.

Multimedia Sources MLA format for multimedia sources requires a medium description at the end of the citation. Film, DVD, radio, Web, a performance, and other descriptions should be used to indicate the type of multimedia that is being referenced. Video or film An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. David Guggenheim. Narr. Al Gore.Paramount, 2006. DVD. Podcast/YouTube Murphy, Beth. “Tips for a Good Profile Piece.” Project: Report. YouTube, 7 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Sept. 2008. Lecture/Public address Teplin, Linda A. et. al. “Early Violent Death in Delinquent Youth: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.” Annual Meeting of the

American Psychology‐Law‐Society. La Jolla, California.

March, 2005. Presentation.

Other Sources

The Purdue OWL Brizee, Allen, and Elyssa Tardiff. “Four Main Components for Effective Outlines”. Purdue Online Writing Lab. Purdue University, 7 April 2010. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. Government publication

Continental Congress. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774‐

1789. Washington DC. 1904‐1937.

Dissertation Choi, Mihwa. “Contesting Imaginaries in Death Rituals during the Northern Song Dynasty.” Diss. University of Chicago, 2008. Web. “Contesting Imaginaries in Death Rituals during the Northern Song Dynasty.”

“The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart.” Purdue Online Writing Lab. Purdue University, 21 Oct.

2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012.

In-text Citations

In-text citations are also known as parenthetical citations. They are the citations that you include in your paper that refer to your Works Cited page. Use the following guidelines to know how to complete an in-text citation for virtually any type of source.

In-text citations for print sources with known author For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide the author’s last name and the page number the quote comes from. If you provide the author’s last name in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3).

Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).

In-text citations for print sources with no known author When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number.

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change” ("Impact of Global Warming" 6). Citing a work by multiple authors For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:

Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76).

The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).

For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names.

Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).

Legal experts counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4).

Jones, Driscoll, Ackerson, and Bell counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).

Citing multiple works by the same author If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.

Murray states that writing is "a process" that "varies with our thinking style" (Write to Learn 6).

Additionally, Murray argues that the purpose of writing is to "carry ideas and information from the mind of one person into the mind of another" (A Writer Teaches Writing 3).

Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, you would format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, followed, when appropriate, by page numbers: Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be "too easy" (Elkins, "Visual Studies" 63).

Citing non-print or sources from the Internet Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers, but often, these sorts of entries do not require any sort of parenthetical citation at all. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:

 Include the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name).  You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function. Only provide page numbers if the pages are numbered.  Do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, likeCNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.

Russell, Tony. et al. “MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics.” Purdue Online Writing Lab. Purdue

University, 13 Feb. 2013. Web. 10 March 2013.