The Formal Amendment Process Has Allowed Changes to Be Made in the Constitution

US History Fort Burrows 8.3 -- Changing the Constitution READ pgs 258 - 261 Main Idea: The formal amendment process has allowed changes to be made in the Constitution. Vocabulary:

First Amendment – amendment that safeguards basic individual liberties including freedom of religion, speech, and the press Second Amendment – amendment that relates to the right to bear arms incriminate – to give evidence against civil – lawsuit involving the private rights of individuals, as opposed to criminal Civil War Amendments – 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments abolishing slavery, guaranteed citizenship to former slaves, and gave African American men the right to vote Nineteenth Amendment – guarantee to US women, in 1920, the right to vote Twenty-sixth Amendment – amendment that lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18 Setting the Scene: “My faith in the Constitution is whole, it is complete, it is total.” The speaker was Barbara Jordan, the 1st African American elected to Congress from Texas. In her rich voice, Jordan reminded her listeners of the words of the Constitution:

“When that document was completed, on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that We, the people… But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision I have finally been included in We, the people…” Barbara Jordan

Jordan lived in a different world from that of the framers of the Constitution. They did not know how the nation would change. But they knew it would change and that the Constitution would have to change with it. They created a formal amendment process to allow the nation to deal with issues they could not have foreseen.

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesall.html

1 of 8.3 Printer Copy US History Fort Burrows The Amendment Process  framers did NOT want to make it easy to change the Constitution  complex amendment process which may take months/years to complete  Article V outlines two ways to propose an amendment: 1. By 2/3 of both House and Senate 2. By a national convention called by Congress at the request of 2/3 of state legislatures (never been used)  amendment may be ratified in one of two ways: 1. approved by legislatures in 3/4 of states (every Amendment except 21st) 2. approved by special conventions in 3/4 of states ¿¿ Explain the process for changing the Constitution… ______. The Bill of Rights  Congress drafted a series of amendments in 1789 and sent to states for approval  The first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights in 1791:

Protecting First Amendment – Individual Protects individual liberties - religion, speech, press, assemble Liberties peacefully, petition gov’t to change policies

Protecting Second Amendment – Against Keep and bear arms; maintain a militia Abuse of Third Amendment – Power Citizens do not have to house troops Fourth Amendment – No unlawful searches of home or property

Protecting Fifth Amendment – Rights of the Cannot force people to incriminate themselves Accused Sixth Amendment – Right to speedy and public trial Seventh Amendment – Provides for juries for civil trials

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General Ninth Amendment – Rights Citizens rights are not limited to those in Constitution Tenth Amendment – All powers not given to the national gov’t or denied to states are reserved for the states or the people ¿¿ What rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights ? 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______7. ______8. ______9. ______10.

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Later Amendments  Constitution has only been amended 17 times since the Bill of Rights (1791)  Civil War Amendments - 13th abolished slavery - 14th guaranteed citizenship to former slaves - 15th cannot deny vote to any citizen based on race, color or previous servitude condition – guaranteed African Americans the right to vote  Nineteenth Amendment – gave women the right to vote in 1920  Twenty-sixth Amendment – lowered voting age from 21 to 18 in 1971

"Old enough to fight, old enough to vote" was the rallying cry for lowering the voting age to eighteen. First proposed in 1942, the change took effect during the Vietnam War era, with the Voting Rights Act of 1970 and the Twenty-sixth Amendment

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1. How can the Constitution be amended ? ______

2. How did later amendments expand democratic rights ? ______

3. Which of the grievances against England listed in the Declaration of Independence was later addressed in the Bill of Rights ?

A. “… depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of trial by jury” B. “… imposing taxes on us without our consent” C. “… cutting off our trade with all parts of the world” D. “… suspending our own legislature”

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