What Effect Did the Civil War and Reconstruction Have on Indians?

Name ______Class ______Date ______

Chapter 6 WHAT EFFECT DID THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION HAVE ON INDIANS?

I. DEFINE VOCABULARY. Write a short definition of each word below.

1. supplement ______6. defected ______

2. plantation ______7. reconstruction ______

3. dragoon ______8. subsidize ______

4. blockade ______9. freedmen ______

5. abolition ______10. overseer______

11. alignment ______

12. “Golden Years” ______

II. COMPLETE. Fill in the blanks below with the correct word or words.

1. By 1860, Indian schools were paid for by ______and ______.

2. In farming, by 1860, four of the five nations developed ______.

3. Some Indians owned slaves, but most were farmers who lived in ______.

4. The only Union state bordering Oklahoma was ______.

5. Most tribal agents favored the side of the ______.

6. The first battle of the Civil War in Indian Territory was the Battle of ______.

7. A turning point for the war in Indian Territory was the Battle of ______.

8. The Confederacy looked at Indian Territory as a supply source for grain, meat, and ______

9. Plains tribes who refused to sign alliance agreements with the South were the ______,

______, and ______.

10. Some tribes tried to stay neutral, but all Five Civilized Tribes signed treaties with ______.

11. Still, four of the Five Civilized Tribes supplied warriors to the ______during the war.

____ 1. The Battle of Cabin Creek A. April, 1861

_____ 2. Last Confederate general surrendered B. November 19, 1861

____ 3. Civil War began C. July 17, 1863

____ 4. General Robert E. Lee surrendered D. April, 1865

____ 5. The Battle of Honey Springs E. June 23, 1865

_____6. The Battle of Round Mountain F. January, 1866

_____7. The Federal Government and the Five Civilized Tribes G. September, 1864 signed Reconstruction treaties in Washington

IV. MATCH NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS. One letter will be left over.

_____ 1. Last chief of the Five Civilized Tribes to sign a treaty with A. Seminoles the South B. Creeks _____2. The last Confederate general to surrender C. Choctaws _____3. A Creek leader who led tribal neutrals and Union sympathizers D. Cherokees

_____4. The only tribe to treat slaves as freedmen E. Chickasaws

_____5. The only tribe that didn’t adopt slaves into the tribe after the war F. John Ross of Cherokees

_____6. The only tribe to remain completely loyal to the South G. Five Civilized Tribes

____ 7. Leaders of this tribe who were the first to make official contact H. Opothleyahola with the Union I. Stand Watie ____8. After the war, they ceded half of Indian Territory to the U.S.

V. WRITING ASSIGNMENT. Suppose the class is making a documentary about the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on native people. Put together teams to report on different topics. Include treaties, tribal sovereignty, and the enrollment of freedmen. Other topics might be Buffalo Soldiers (see The Spotlight section after Ch. 6) and the Battle of Washita (see Ch. 7, approx. page 142). Find other sources to report on Fort Sill, Fort Supply, and Fort Reno, for instance, when they were built and their impact. Work with your team to draft three to five paragraphs about the effects of the War and Reconstruction on the tribes. Allow time to critique each other’s drafts and polish the writing. Submit the team’s report as one page with names of all the members.