Honors Biology Chapter 4 Study Guide

Name______Period______

Read p. 51 1. Who used the term “cells” to view cork?______2. Who made a more refined microscope to view pond water?______

Read pp. 52-53 Fill in the following chart: Type of Microscope How it works Maximum magnification LM

Define: magnification

Define: micrograph

Define: resolution

What are two parts of the Cell Theory? 1.

Read p. 54 1. Circle: Large cells have (more or less) surface area than small cells, but they have much (more or less) surface area relative to their volume than small cells.

2. Describe a plasma membrane: Honors Biology Study Guide 4 p. 2 3. Draw a sketch of a phospholipid membrane, labeling the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic regions.

4. What are some molecules that can freely move through a phospholipid membrane?

What are some molecules that cannot freely move through a phospholipid membrane?

Read p. 55 1. Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

2. Draw a sketch of a bacteria cell (label ribosomes, nucleoid, capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, flagella and fimbriae.

Read p. 56-57 Fill in the chart : Organelle Structure (can sketch) Function nucleus

Very small found on ER or in cytoplasm

Energy processing

Long whip-like

Plasmodesmata

Green, contains chlorophyll

Protein fibers that extend throughout the cell Cell Wall

Honors Biology Study Guide p. 3

Read p. 58 1. What is the difference among DNA, chromatin, and chromosomes?

2. What is the job of the nucleolus?

3. Where is mRNA made and what is its job?

Read p. 59 1. What is the job of ribosomes?

2. Ribosomes can be found in what two areas of the cell?

3. What structures are included in the endomembrane system?

4. What does ER stand for?______

Read pp. 60-61 Fill in the chart: Smooth ER Synthesizes: Organ with lots of Functions to store What it looks like: Smooth ER: ______ions

Rough ER Makes more: Tiny sacs of the Proteins in the What it looks like: membrane are rough ER make: called:

Honors Biology Chapter 4 Study Guide p. 4 Read p. 61 Draw what the Golgi apparatus looks like:

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Read p. 62 Draw what the lysosome looks like:

Describe at least three functions of the lysosome:

Read p. 63

Read pp. 63-4 Fill in the chart: ORGANELLE Function Special structures Sketch

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis what are chloroplasts and mitochondrion once thought to be?

Honors Biology Chapter 4 Study Guide p. 5

Read p. 65 Fill in the chart: Cytoskeleton Type Structure Description Function Description Examples Microfilament

Intermediate filament

Microtubule

Read p. 66-68 What is the difference between the structure of cilia and of flagella?

What is meant by 9+2?

What does ECM stand for? What is it mostly made of? What are integrins? What is pectin?

Describe the three types of cell junctions found in animal tissues? Tight Junctions Anchoring Junctions Gap Junctions Describe each of these parts of plant cell enclosures: Cell wall Primary layer Secondary Wall Plasma membrane

Read p. 69 List organelles that are found in each category: Genetic control Manufacturing, Energy Processing Structural support, distribution, breakdown movement, communication