1St Semester Exam Study Guide

1st Semester Exam Study Guide GOAL 1 1. The division of power in the Constitution between the states and the central government:______(1.1) 2. Two leaders who caused the formation of the first two political parties: ______(1.1) 3. When President George Washington used the army to show that the new national government intended to enforce federal laws: ______(1.1) 4. George Washington warned future presidents against foreign alliances, engaging in European matters, and the formation of political parties ______(1.1) 5. Used by Hamilton to justify the creation of Bank of US and loose interpretation of Constitution ______(1.1) 6. Established the Supreme Court’s right to exercise judicial review: ______(1.1) 7. States claimed the right to determine the constitutionality of Congressional acts: ______(1.1) 8. Controversial action by President Jefferson because the Constitution did not authorize the president to do such an act: ______(1.1) 9. Group favored by Alexander Hamilton’s financial program which included the Bank of the U.S.: ______(1.1) 10. Document intended to protect individual rights from government abuse: ______(1.2) 11. The group of Americans who had the least political power from 1789 to 1920 was ______(1.2) 12. The invention of the ______near the end of the 1700s resulted in the increase of slavery in America. (1.2) 13. Group most negatively affected by the invention of the cotton gin: ______(1.2) 14. Southerners defend slavery as a ______because the southern economy was based on slave labor. (1.2) 15. The only group with the right to vote in the new republic ______(1.2) 16. “The U.S. should have as little political connection with foreign countries as possible”: ______(1.3) 17. Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 was significant to the U.S. because it opened the: ______(1.3) 18. Problems with Native Americans in the west, impressments of American sailors in the Atlantic, and the War Hawks and in Congress were main reasons for: ______1.3) 19. The United States became less dependent on Europe as a result of: ______(1.3)

Cotton gin Elastic Clause Federalism Northern businessmen African-American slaves Marbury v. Madison Louisiana Purchase Land-owning, white males Hamilton and Jefferson Virginia and Kentucky Isolationism Women Mississippi River Resolutions Whiskey Rebellion “necessary evil” The War of 1812 (2) Bill of Rights Farewell Address GOAL 2 20. U.S. Supreme Court case that declared the Cherokee tribe as a “domestic dependent nation”______(2.1) 21. The issue of slavery in the Louisiana Purchase was settled by the ______which established that Maine would enter as a free state and Missouri as a slave state; the rest of the territory would be divided between slave and free by the 36*30’ line. (2.1) 22. The Adam-Onis Treaty acquired Florida from which country: ______(2.1) 23. Most of the conflicts between the U.S. govt. and Native Americans in the early 1800s involved: ______(2.1) 24. From 1840 to 1850 the United States expanded because most Americans believed that it was their ______to expand to the Pacific Ocean. (2.1) 25. The ______was the land acquired that completed the U.S. ownership of all lands from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. (2.1) 26. James K. Polk’s slogan “Fifty-four forty or Fight” was associated with which territory: ______(2.1) 27. Famous writer and philosopher who advocated importance of nature, individualism, and abolition of slavery: ______(2.2) 28. Henry David Thoreau, Mohandes Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. advocated the use of ______to influence social and political changes. (2.2) 29. The Hudson River School of painters best known for what type of paintings: ______(2.2) 30. Plan to unite the three different economic regions that included protective tariffs, transportation improvements, and a National Bank: ______(2.3) 31. James Monroe presided over a period in which Republican Party and nationalism dominated American politics ______(2.3) 32. English immigrant who opened the first textile mill in the US ______(2.3) 33. Man who successfully sailed the first steamboat ______(2.3) 34. Warned Europeans not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere: ______(2.4) 35. Decisions of the John Marshall’s Supreme Court strengthened the ______(2.4) 36. Ordinance of Nullification passed by South Carolina in reaction to: ______(2.4) 37. Elected president because of the “corrupt bargain” of 1824: ______(2.4) 38. As a result of the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828, a core belief that government should be in the hands of the ______ushered in a “new democracy”. (2.4) 39. During the 1800s feelings of nationalism were disrupted by debates over the issue of ______(2.4) 40. In the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson got the most popular and electoral votes, but still did not become president because he did not have a majority in the ______. (2.4) 41. Andrew Jackson opposed the ______because he believed it had too much economic and political influence. (2.4) 42. Strongly defended by many Southerners as the basis of the Southern economy: ______(2.5) 43. Important book that increased hostilities between the North and South: ______(2.5, 3.1) 44. Worked to establish humane treatment of the mentally ill: ______(2.5) 45. Group who sought equal rights in Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions: ______(2.5) 46. The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions stated the position of ______who were seeking equal rights? (2.5) 47. The American Temperance Movement called for an end to the use of ______(2.5) 48. Reform movement associated with Horace Mann: ______(2.5) 49. Religious movement that swept across America in early 1800s: ______(2.6) 50. Religious revivalists of the early 1800’s inspired a reform spirit by teaching that the power to change society belonged to the ______(2.6) 51. The Second Great Awakening was a religious reaction against the economic changes in society brought about by growing industrialization and ______(2.6) Women Alcoholic beverages Dorothia Dix Public education Civil disobedience Gadsden Purchase Natural landscapes Oregon Era of Good Feelings Robert Fulton Protective tariffs Second Great Awakening Missouri Compromise Tariff of Abominations Monroe Doctrine Land slavery Manifest Destiny individual Samuel Slater State governments Common people materialism Federal government Bank of the US (BUS) John Quincy Adams The American System Worcester v. Georgia Electoral College Ralph Waldo Emerson Uncle Tom’s Cabin Spain GOAL 3 52. The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act all addressed what issue: ______(3.1) 53. Aspect of the Compromise of 1850 that most angered Northerners: ______(3.1) 54. In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates, Stephen Douglas favored the idea of: ______(3.1) 55. The Dred Scott Supreme Court decision effectively declared this unconstitutional: ______(3.1) 56. In the years before the Civil War the ______platform aimed at preventing the expansion of slavery into the western territories. (3.1) 57. The most important result of Harriett Beecher Stowe’s novel, ______was that it increased hostilities between the North and South. (3.1) 58. When Abraham Lincoln said, “A house divided against itself cannot stand…”, he meant that ______might soon destroy the Union. (3.2) 59. The event that caused South Carolina to be the first state to secede from the Union:______(3.2) 60. Lincoln’s main goal at the outbreak of the Civil War: ______(3.2) 61. ______was chosen by seceding states to be president of the Confederacy (3.2) 62. The most significant advantage of the ______at the beginning of the Civil War was that it had more experienced generals. (3.3) 63. Lincoln did this due to pressure from abolitionist groups who wanted to make the Civil War into a moral cause: ______(3.3) 64. The ______included blockading Confederate ports, dividing the Confederacy into three theaters of war, and gaining control of the Mississippi River. (3.3) 65. The battle that was the turning point of the Civil War: ______(3.3) 66. The ______for Reconstruction expressed a hope for peace without bitterness and a restoration of southern economic and political rights. (3.4) 67. The ______gave food and clothing to former slaves and slave owners, provided medical help for the poor, and established schools for children and adults. (3.4) 68. After the Civil War the ______hoped to punish the southern states as much as possible for the Civil War. (3 69. Literacy tests, “Grandfather Clauses”, and poll taxes were all used in southern states to prevent African Americans from ______. (3.4) 70. Brought an official end to Reconstruction: ______(3.5) 71. Leader of the congressional Radical Republicans during Reconstruction: ______(3.5) 72. Ratified in the period following the Civil War to show that federal powers could be expanded to protect the rights of minorities: ______(3.5) 73. Reconstruction ended when ______agreed to remove troops from the South and allow “Home-rule” to continue in the South. (3.5) 74. After Reconstruction Southern states used ______, ______, and ______to continue violating the new Constitutional rights of African Americans. (3.5) 75. The primary purpose of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments was to provide ______for former slaves. (3.5) 76. ______were developed by Southern states to keep former slaves subordinate to whites.(3.5)

Black codes Radical Jim Crow Laws Uncle Tom’s Cabin Freedman’s Bureau Republicans Voting Hayes-Tilden Compromise Anaconda Plan Rutherford B. Confederacy Fugitive Slave Law Equal rights Hayes Republican Party popular sovereignty Lincoln Plan Grandfather Thaddeus Stevens Gettysburg Sectionalism Clauses 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments Missouri Compromise Election of Abraham Lincoln Preserve the Union Slavery in the western Jefferson Davis Emancipation Proclamation territories

77. Stimulated agricultural growth, helped settle western lands, lowered cost of transportation: ______(4.1) 78. The major problem facing early ______was getting their livestock to market. (4.1) 79. According to Frederick Jackson Turner the characteristic most accentuated by frontier life was ______. (4.1) 80. The purpose of the ______was to populate the Great Plains by offering free land to those willing to establish farms. (4.1) 81. About one-fifth of cowboys on the open range were ______and ______. (4.1) 82. The Homestead Act, completion of the transcontinental railroad, ranching, and dry farming all helped shift the U.S. population to the ______. (4.1) 83. The main cause of the ______that occurred between 1860 and 1890 was the movement of settlers onto the Great Plains. (4.2) 84. The official policy of the federal government toward Native Americans in the late 1800s was to demand ______of Indians into mainstream American culture. (4.2) 85. The federal policy that attempted to change the American Indian concept of shared land to support for private property for farming was the ______(4.2) 86. The most devastating thing to the Indians of the Great Plains was the ______(4.2) 87. The significance of the Native American victory at ______was that it simply delayed the inevitable defeat of all Native Americans. (4.2) 88. The major goal of the ______was to help western farmers to fight unjust economic practices. (4.3) 89. Government ownership of the railroads, income tax, and easy credit were all political demands made by the ______. (4.3) 90. Farmers in the late 1800s objected to ______because they showed favoritism when charging freight prices. (4.3) 91. Farmers supported the free and unlimited coinage of silver because it would lead to ______in farm products. (4.3) 92. The Populist Party could be considered successful because the ______movement later adapted several of their key reform proposals. (4.3) 93. In response to the problems between farmers and the railroads, the federal government passed the ______. (4.3, 5.4) 94. The increase in specialization throughout the American economy in the late 1800s was one of the primary reasons for the decline of the ______in the U.S. (4.3) 95. The significant impact of ______was that it ended the open range for cattle ranchers. (4.4) 96. Crop harvesting was greatly improved by the invention of the ______. (4.4) 97. The dry climate of the Great Plains forced farmers to make many adaptations to their farming methods including, ______,______, and ______. (4.4)

Cattle ranchers Increased prices Grangers Indian Wars Homestead Act of 1862 Progressive Self-sufficient farmers Use of windmills Mexican Barbed wire Interstate Commerce Act Great Plains Assimilation Dry farming Dawes Act Railroads Individualism Railroad companies Destruction of the buffalo Reaper Populists African-American Little Bighorn Steel plow