Chapter 1 Practice Test

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below. a. organic chemistry d. analytical chemistry b. inorganic chemistry e. physical chemistry c. biochemistry ____ 1. the study of the processes that take place in organisms ____ 2. concerned with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change ____ 3. the study of all chemicals containing carbon ____ 4. the study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon ____ 5. the study of the composition of matter

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 6. Which field of science studies the composition and structure of matter? a. physics c. chemistry b. biology d. geology ____ 7. The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon is traditionally called what type of chemistry? a. bio c. physical b. inorganic d. analytical ____ 8. Which of the following would a chemist be most likely to study? a. a leaf floating on water c. a leaf being blown by the wind b. a leaf changing color in autumn d. a leaf being eaten by insects ____ 9. Which of the following best describes an example of pure chemistry? a. testing the effects of lower concentrations of a drug on humans b. studying chemicals containing carbon c. developing a cure for osteoporosis d. finding an antidote for a new strain of virus ____ 10. Which of the following statements is false? a. Knowledge of chemistry allows the public to make informed decisions. b. Studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology. c. Knowledge of chemistry helps prepare people for careers in soil science. d. Chemistry explains many aspects of nature. ____ 11. Which of the following is NOT an example of chemistry research in the main area of energy? a. producing hook-and-loop tape b. determining the usefulness of oil from soybean plants c. developing rechargeable batteries d. studying the effects of insulation ____ 12. Which of the following is an example of a current research focus in chemistry? a. development of smoke detectors for common use b. using hook-and-loop tape in the clothing industry c. applying gene therapy to treat certain diseases d. studying coal combustion as an energy source ____ 13. Which of the following can be observed only in a microscopic view? a. foam insulation c. shape of a soybean plant b. X-ray of a knee joint d. structure of a muscle cell ____ 14. Which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier? a. He showed that oxygen is required for material to burn. b. He demonstrated the presence of phlogiston in air. c. He encouraged scientists to form explanations based on philosophical arguments. d. He developed the science of alchemy. ____ 15. One characteristic of a scientific theory is that ____. a. it can never be proved c. it cannot be modified b. it can be proved d. it summarizes a set of observations ____ 16. A theory is a ____. a. proposed explanation for an observation b. well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations c. summary of the results of many observations d. procedure used to test a proposed explanation ____ 17. Which step in the scientific method requires you to use your senses to obtain information? a. revising a hypothesis c. making an observation b. designing an experiment d. stating a theory ____ 18. The variable that is observed during an experiment is called what type of variable? a. independent c. controlling b. manipulated d. responding ____ 19. Collaboration and communication are important in science because ____. a. most research problems are not very complex b. most scientists have the knowledge to solve any scientific problem c. they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome d. they keep scientists from having to repeat experiments ____ 20. Which of these steps should always be followed for effective problem solving? a. buying a larger quantity of material than estimated b. performing metric conversions c. developing a plan and then implementing the plan d. using a trial-and-error approach and then evaluating ____ 21. The step that usually comes last in solving numeric problems is ____. a. calculate c. evaluate b. measure d. analyze ____ 22. How do conceptual problems differ from numeric problems? a. Solutions to conceptual problems involve analysis, while numeric solutions do not. b. Logic is not usually involved in solving numeric problems. c. A plan is necessary to solve numeric problems, but is not necessary for conceptual problems. d. Solutions to conceptual problems normally do not involve calculations.

23. Name five areas of chemistry research and give examples of the types of problems chemists are trying to address within each area. 24. Explain how a hypothesis, a theory, and a scientific law are related to observations. 25. Use an example from your own experience to explain how collaboration can be valuable to the successful outcome of a project.