NC Final 7Th Grade Social Studies Review Sheet

NC Final 7th grade Social Studies Review Sheet

7.H.2.1 Analyze the effects of social, economic, military, and political conflict among nations, regions, and groups.

1. How did the European domination and colonization of America change the continent?(Include at least 5 changes) 1. European government and law system brought to America

2. European languages dominate (Spanish, Portuguese (in Brazil), English)

3. Immigrants from Europe and Africa dominate the population.

4. Livestock, disease, and plants change the land of America

5. European brought religions dominate America (Christianity)

2. Why did the ideas of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment lead to political and social conflict? What institution did these ideas challenge? The ideas challenged how many people thought and challenged their religious beliefs. The Catholic Church was challenged by these new ideas the most.

3. How did Imperial ism lead to economic and political conflict between Imperial powers? Imperial powers wanted the same land because of the resources they contained (economic conflict), and It caused governments to ally with different nations to gain and protect power (political conflict).

4. What were the major effects of WWI? (at least 5)

1. USA isolates itself fearing more conflict.

2. League of Nations was made to stop new conflict (it failed miserably)

3. Germany was punished which lead to hyperinflation, the Great Depression, and Hitler taking power.

4. New countries were made in Europe based on Ethnic groups (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Estonia etc.) due in part to nationalism.

5. Russia was destroyed and reborn as the communist Soviet Union

6. Japan decided the way to power was to take things like parts of China.

7. War technology like tanks, airplanes, and bombs was increased.

5. Why was the Treaty of Versailles a disaster? It punished Germany and made them an enemy of France and Britain. Did not solve the harsh feelings that led to conflict, and allowed Hitler to campaign against the treaty. The League of Nations could not stop conflict, and America never joined it. 6. What were the major effects of WWII? (at least 5)

1. Nuclear weapons were developed changing war forever.

2. US and Soviet Union became world superpowers and launched the Cold War.

3. Japan, Germany, and Italy became allies of the US not enemies after the war.

4. US, France, Soviet Union (Russia today), China, and Great Britain gained veto power in the UN.

5. International Organizations attempt to stop new world wars, and worldwide depressions.

6. Much of Europe makes the European Union for cooperation and ending war.

7. Empires begin to decolonize.

7. Why was their conflict during the Cold War and what made it different?

A conflict of two systems worldwide (Communist v capitalist or democracy v communist dictatorship). Also MAD mutually assured destruction

8. How did decolonization lead to conflict? Civil wars broke out because enemies were put together, and new nations had weak governments plagued by corruption.

9. How did triangle trade and the middle passage (slavery) cause social conflict? For hundreds of years people of African descent had no rights and were abused. Today they have rights but face discrimination and hold different views than the majority that may cause conflict.

10. How did Apartheid lead to social conflict in South Africa?

Whites had all the rights, and used blacks for labor and gave them few rights.

11. Terms: Conquistadors Spanish explorer conquers of the New World

12. , Global Conflict World wars, global economic problems, etc.

13. , Power, ability to do what you or your country wants to.

14. Appeasement, giving into the demands of a dictator in exchange for peace.

15. Nationalism, feeling or pride for your country, or ethnic groups if it does not have a country.

16. Militarism, military gaining influence and power in governmental decisions.

17. Genocide attempt to destroy completely an ethnic group. 7.H.2.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of cooperative efforts and consensus building among nations, regions, and groups.

1. What role do NGOs play in cooperation in the world? Many have members from different countries that work together to help in various activities around the world.

2. How has the UN increased the cooperation between countries? It has gotten agreement between many countries on issues such as stopping the spread of nuclear weapons, getting food to those in need, and placing peacekeeper s to monitor conflict areas.

3. Why has the UN not been effective in increasing international cooperation? When powerful countries with veto powers disagree, or protect their allies during conflict.

4. How effective have the WHO, OAS, EU, and NGOs been in consensus building? WHO has gotten world wide defensive organization against the common threat of disease. OAS has been less effective recently, but has improved human rights in America (North and South), EU has greatly increased Europe’s nations by having common courts, government, and currency, NGO’s see above.

7.E.1.2 Explain the implications of economic decisions in national and international affairs.

1. What role do NGOs play in economic decisions in the world? Many have tried to encourage business in poor nations, some have loaned money to poor nations or poor individuals.

2. How have the WTO, G20, OPEC, NAFTA, and the EU changed the world economy? WTO: encourages free trade, has a place to settle trade disagreements, and makes rules for world trade.

G20: twenty wealthiest nations on earth who work together to create wealth, and stop financial crisis.

OPEC: control world oil supply and influence price.

NAFTA: Free trade between Mexico, Canada, and the US.

EU: Free trade in Europe common currency for many members.

3. What impact have these organizations had on worldwide disease in regards to economics, politics, and society? WHO tracks disease, and many organizations use money to fight its worldwide spread.

4. Terms: Globalization: How the world is more connected with worldwide trade, and culture. Interdependence, Nations relying on each other

International Organization, Multiple countries working together on one or multiple issues.

Cooperation Working together for a goal. 7.H.2.3 Explain how increased global interaction accelerates the pace of innovation in modern societies?

1. How did the inventions of the railroad, car, telephone, radio, and internet create more discoveries? Better transportation and communication have allowed people from all over the world to collaborate and create more devices, and services.

2. What effects has the Industrial Revolution had on our modern world? (at least 5)

1. Increased urbanization.

2. Increase power of the middle class )especially bourgeoisie)

3. Increased pollution.

4. Many more items made with less labor.

5. Increased transportation and communication.

6. Light in darkness on a mass scale.

7. Packaged processed food, and chain store clothing

3. What effects has the Scientific Revolution had on our modern world? (at least 5)

1. Demanding proof for the way things operate.

2. Scientific Method.

3. Earth not the center of the universe.

4. Gravity and Evolution.

5. Medicine from microscope use.

6. Space Exploration.

4. What effects has the Agricultural Revolution had on our modern world? (at least 3)

1. Crop Rotation

2. More food with less workers.

3. Urbanization

4. Larger population. 5. What are some specific inventions made during this Revolution? What impact did they have on the quality and quantity of production? All increased quality and quantity. Examples include, sewing machine, spinning jenny, train, car, tractor, seed drill, telescope, microscope, etc.

6. How does society change, and what class rises greatly in power during this time? Bourgeoisie (upper middle class) and middle class gain more power. Society shifts away from 3 estates of Nobles, Priests, and others to wealthy, middle class, and poor.

7. Why does the pace of invention increase during war? (Use examples from WW1 and WW2 in your answer). Countries will pay more money to win the war. EX. Nuclear weapons, tanks, air planes, jets, machine guns, flame throwers, p[poison gas, etc.

8. Terms: Industrialization Use of machines instead of people and animals for labor.

Urbanization: growth of cities, or people moving to cities.

Renaissance rebirth. Refers to Europe after the Middle Ages where learning became more focused, thought became a little more secular (nonreligious) and art had one of its golden eras.

7.H.2.4 Analyze the economic political and social impacts of disease in modern societies.

1. What was the Great Dying (think of smallpox), and why did it happen in the Americas? How did affect economics, politics, and society? Native Americans had no resistance to European disease some most of them died. Econ: Europeans needed workers because the Indians were dying so they imported slaves from Africa. Politics: Europe came to dominate and control America. Society: Led to a caste system based on race in South America, mixed European, American, and African cultures, and led to discrimination in America.

2. Why are disease researchers frightened about the possibilities of Flu, and what steps are taken to stop its spread? Flue killed 20 million people in 1918. Today we track flu careful and have a vaccine for it.

3. How has AIDS affected economics, government and society? Econ: $ to pay for care of sick and orphans, and workers dying in their prime. Govt: Needs to pay for clinics to treat the disease, is an issue for many voters. Society: infected face discrimination, and orphan headed household lack parental support and nurturing.

4. How did the Black Death affect economic, government and society? Econ: So many people died the economy broke down. After peasants were able to demand more money because of a lack of labor. Govt: Ceased to function In many places. Society: Skeletons were pictured in many forms of art as death was everywhere.

5. How does malaria affect economics, government, and society? Econ: $ from missed days at work and for medication. Govt: $ spent to destroy mosquito habitat, and provide medical centers. Society: NGOs trying to get rich nations to see this as a major problem. 6. Terms: Epidemic: Disease quickly spreading from one area to another with a large infection (pandemic means worldwide)

Vaccine: A medicine that builds up an immunity in a person (or animal) to a disease.

7.G.1.1 Explain how environmental conditions and human response to those conditions influence modern society.

1. In the age of Exploration why did the Europeans begin to explore and try to reach Asia? Economics, they wanted to reach the markets of China and India for spices, silk, china, and other objects. (scarcity of resources)

2. Why were European settlements in America, Africa, and Asia first on the coast? To make it easier to trade, supply the colonies, and use the navy to defend them.

3. How did the Columbian Exchange change the modern world (5 ways)

1. Brought diseases to North America that destroyed the natives.

2. Brought grain and livestock to the Americas

3. Brought corn and potatoes to the Old World

4. Exchanged technology between Old and New Worlds.

5. Exchanged culture between Old and New Worlds.

6. Created modern American culture with the mixing Native American, African, and European cultures.

7. Made Christianity the major religion in the New World

4. How did scarcity of resources lead to Imperialism? Powerful industrialized countries wanted the resources that were or grew in weak areas. They took them over.

5. What are natural barriers? Mountains, deserts, tundra, etc. They make it difficult to pass through, and influence human settlement.

6. What impact have the Panama and Suez canals had on bypassing barriers and trade? They have cut through natural barriers, and instead created a corridor that encourages trade throughout the globe.

7. What environmental factors helped start the Industrial Revolution? Rivers were used to power the first machines. Then coal was dug out to fuel the next machines.

8. When making a new settlement what geographic factors would you consider? Fresh water, food sources, transportation corridors (rivers or oceans) for trade, climate for warmth (less snow [which I hate]), and lack of natural disasters. 9. Terms: Push/Pull factors: Push factors are bad things that make you want to leave (no job, lack of resources, no freedom, corruption, war, etc) while Pull factors make you want to move somewhere else (job opportunity, nice climate, better taxes, someone you love, better resources.)

Scarcity: How much of a resource people have access to (usually meant to mean there is not enough of the item)

population distribution: How crowded a place is with people. Cities have a high population density. Land that can grow food easily also has high population density. Deserts and Mountain have low population density.

7.G.1.2 Explain how demographic trends lead to conflict, negotiation, and compromise in modern societies.

1. What affects has the one child policy had on China? Less people, no more starvation, an aging population, higher divorce rate.

2. How has the aging of industrialized nations caused economic compromise? There are more retired people who are demanding benefits from the government compared to the number of workers who are paying taxes for those benefits.

3. How did demographics lead to the French British alliance against Germany before World War I? Germany had more population, a larger industrial base, and had a larger military. This threatened both the UK and France so they allied against Germany.

4. How has the shift of human population from farms to cities (urbanization) lead to conflict and compromise? People are crowed more together (it lead to the development of police), and Farmers and city dwellers what to use resources differently.

5. What are the main reasons for immigration? Escaping poverty, persecution, or conflict.

6. Term: Standard of Living How well someone lives.

7.G.1.3 Explain how natural disasters, preservation efforts, and human modification of the environment affect modern society.

1. How do 1. recycling, 2. planting trees, 3. deforestation, 4. pollution, 5. irrigation systems, and 6. climate change affect modern societies? (make sure to have an answer for each one). 1. Turns waste into useable products. 2. Trees filter out pollution, and stop erosion. 3. Less trees causes erosion, and more pollution. 4. Causes smog, asthma, toxic places etc. 5. Allows crop to be grown in dry areas. 6. Increasing temperature due to human action is raising global temperature, changing weather patterns, and causing sea level rise. 2. How do flooding, earthquakes, and tsunamis affect modern regions? All cause massive property damage, injury and loss of life. Governments must prepare for them and provide for people who have lost everything. International Organizations help out as well.

3. What effect have irrigation, scientifically enhanced seeds, and recycling had on humanity? Irrigation allows more food to be grown, better seeds = more food (but less variety), and recycling = less waste.

7.E.1.1 Explain how competition for resources affects the economic relationship among nations.

1. What is the economic justification for Imperialism and colonies? They have resources we want take them over.

2. How has globalization lead to interdependence in the modern world? Many products are only made in countries with low labor costs, some high tech items are only made in a few countries, some medicines are only made in one factory in the entire world, and all of these items are traded between countries so they rely on each other.

3. What role did resources play in beginning World War II in Asia, and in Europe? In Asia Japan took over parts of China to gain resources to fuel their economy. In Europe Germany desired the resource of land and Hitler demanded too much so war began after he invaded Poland.

4. What resources are shared today and which are fought over? Most are bought, but air and water are shared between many countries. Some are fought over in certain countries where ethnic groups or regional groups want money to fund their wars.

5. Terms: Supply and Demand: How much of an item there is, and how much people want to buy it. (too much supply = lower price too little = higher price)

Developed: Nations that have industrialized, and constructed roads and other infrastructure. Many people live in cities and provide services for their jobs. US, France Japan, South Korea

Emerging: Countries that have some industrialization, and some infrastructure but are not as wealthy as developed nations. (they cannot provide as many services for their people as well). China, India

Developing: Poorest nations that have little industrialization or services for their people. Many live in slums. Zimbabwe, Haiti, Afghanistan.

7.E.1.3 Summarize the main characteristics of various economic systems. (making charts is a great way to answer many of the following questions) 1. What are the basic principles of Market, Command, Mixed and Traditional Economies? Market people control the economy deciding what to make and how expensive to make products. Command the government decides what to make and how expensive to charge things. Mixed people make some economic decisions and the government make some. Traditional do what your parents did (farming, fishing, herding, or hunter-gathering) usually used barter.

2. What are the strong and weak points of Capitalism, Communism, and Socialism? Capitalism the people make business decisions and is rewarded with money for a successful business. Money serves to increase innovation. There is little regulation which leads to a lot of money for business and abuse of workers. The gap between the rich and poor is large with a small group of the wealthy owning much of a nations wealth. Only those who can pay get basic items and services like water, food etc.

Communism: There is no rich or poor everyone is equal. Everyone gets basic items and services. Since everyone is provided for there is no incentive for innovation or working hard. Communist nations make less money than other systems and lack many things other economies have. Government owns all business.

Socialism is a mixed economy where services are provided for everyone in the nation. Taxes are higher than in capitalism especially for the rich who will pay a higher rate. Government owns some business. Not as much incentive to innovate because much of the money made will be lost to taxes. Less of a gap between rich and poor.

3. The United States is considered a Capitalist nation, but it is not a Laissez-Faire Capitalist nation. What is the difference? Laissez-faire is government hands off. This means there are no government regulations and business pretty much does what it wants. In the US there are laws that regulate what business can do for worker and consumer safety.

4. Which economic systems grew out of the abuses created by the Industrial Revolution? Communism and Socialism grew out a desire to protect the workers, and capitalism was the system that launched the Industrial Revolution.

5. Why have most nations abandoned Communism? It did not make as much money as the other economic systems.

6. Why do most nations use some sort of a mixed economy? Some jobs are best handled by the government (education, police, fire etc.), but others tend to make more money if they are in peoples hands and not the government.

7. Terms: Currency: The type of money a nation uses.

Regulation Laws used to provide safety for workers or consumers.

7.E.1.4 Explain how personal financial decision-making impacts quality of life. 1. How does credit, savings, investing, and giving impact the quality of life of people? Credit allows people to buy things without money and pay it back later. This allows people to buy what they need if they do not abuse it. Savings allows people to survive emergencies, and buys big ticket items without the finance charges of credit. Investing allows for a nice retirement or college education. Giving allows those who are unfortunate to have a chance to improve their lives.

2. What are some of the different types of saving and investing? Savings Account, Certificate of deposit, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and buying a house.

3. What is the impact of a high or low credit score? High credit score = low interest rates on loans. Low credit score = high interest rates if you can even get a loan.

4. How does buying a house generate wealth? Houses usually go up in value over time. People get a tax break from the government, and generate equity as they pay off the loan.

5. Why must you be careful with credit cards? If you do not pay off the entire balance then a finance charge will be given on the outstanding balance. The debt can be difficult to pay off if you buy too much.

7.C&G.1.1 Summarize the ideas that have shaped political thought in various societies and regions.

1. How did the Renaissance begin a revolution in thought? People began to question old ideas which lead to both the Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment.

2. Why did socialism and communism develop out of the Industrial Revolution? Both were responses to workers struggles. Socialism to provided needed regulation and services, and Communism to kill the rich and take over.

3. What form of government is the Enlightenment against? Why? Divine Right Monarchy, because they believe everyone is equal, and the king should not become ruler just because of his birth.

4. What form of government did the Enlightenment favor? Why? Democracy. All people are created equal.

5. What rights come out of the Enlightenment? Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, equal rights for women (realized after WWI), right to life liberty and property, separation of power, right to be educated, etc.

6. How are the French, American, and Latin American Revolutions related to the Enlightenment? All of the revolutions were about gaining these rights.

7. Terms: Human (or Natural or Inalienable) rights: Rights that every person has that cannot be denied.

Philosophy: Way of thinking about knowledge, truth and way of life. Rule of law: All people are subject to the same laws, and the laws cannot be changed except by a normal procedure.

Citizenship: Being a member of a country. In many responsible citizens vote.

Sovereignty: The power to rule in a country.

Freedom: The ability to act in a way you want to.

7.C&G.1.2 Evaluate how the Western concept of democracy has influenced the political ideas of modern societies.

1. Why were most of the nations of Africa, and Asia democratic when they received independence? Most of the nations who controlled them were democracies so that is the government they gave when they left.

2. Many nations that were once democracies have moved towards dictatorships. Why? Lack of skilled government workers, rival ethnic groups did not trust each other, corruption, people did not have a history of democracy and they were weak so dictators took them over

3. What nations tend to support democracies around the world? Why has this lead to more democracies? The US, EU nations, Japan, Canada. They are rich and powerful nations that give help, money and other support to other democracies. Plus if it worked for them it may work for other countries

4. Why would citizens prefer democracies? They have more freedom, and choose their own leaders.

7.C&G.1.3 Compare the requirements for and responsibilities of citizenship under various governments in modern societies.

1. Which governments require voting, taxes, and military service? All require taxes, most democracies expect citizens to vote (and some require it), most countries require military service in times of war and some also do in time of peace.

2. Why does democracy require education for its citizens? They are expected to vote and choose the government.

3. What requirements are there in different governments (age, gender, legal and economic status)? Some only let men vote. In our past race was a limitation in being able to vote. Most have an age limit to vote in the late teens. Some require people to own land. Most if not all require citizenship for voting.

7.C&G.1.4 Compare the sources of power and governmental authority in various societies. 1. Where do democracies, monarchies, dictatorships, and theocracies claim their power comes from? Democracies from the people. Monarchies from God, Dictatorships from the army (force), and theocracies from God.

2. How did both the fascism of Hitler and the communism of Stalin lead to totalitarian government? Hitler used the mask of nationalism to demand obedience from Germans. Stalin used the excuse of communism to say his enemies were against the people. Both had control of the army, secret police, and spy agencies to control the population.

7.C.1.1 Explain how culture unites and divides modern societies and regions

1. How does nationalism unite (United States) and divide (Ukraine) nations? Americans feel untied as a people so nationalism provides a common culture we rally to. In Ukraine some people feel loyalty to Ukraine, and some feel loyalty to Russia. These competing nationalisms divide the nation.

2. How does tribalism (loyalty to an ethnic group before a country) affect the nations of Africa? People have loyalty to their ethnic group before their nation which has led to conflict in the past.

3. What role does religion play in uniting and dividing people? People with the same religion have a common culture they can unite behind. People with different religions may believe different things or have a history of violence between them. In the US religion is not as divisive as in other nations especially among younger generations.

4. How does the internet and television help to create common culture around the world? Both of these devices spread common shows or videos around the world so everyone can share in the culture.

5. Terms: Cultural identity: Sharing a background with many other people, a common heritage. Cultural Diffusion: Culture spreading from one place to another.

Primary Source: A source from someone who witnessed the event.

7.C.1.2 Explain how cultural expressions influence modern society

1. How have writings such as the Jungle (by Upton Sinclair), news papers, and internet stories influenced the modern world? By exposing corruption, dangerous conditions, or unfair practices writers have gained popular support and changed laws. They also show other cultures from around the world and help with cultural diffusion.

2. How does music, art, and architecture influence modern society? Music and art can be protests, or highlight what life is like around the world to show it to other people. Architecture is the design of hoe people relate to the space around them and it highlights their culture in the modern world.