Electronic Supplementary Material s39

1Electronic Supplementary Material Legends

3S1 A comparison of daily averages of mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures (±1SE) in

4air (+1 m, Tair) and soil (-5 cm, Tsoil) at 2,450 and 3,000 m during the 2006 growing season

5(temperature was logged every 30 minutes from 29 June – 15 Sept 15 2006)

7S2. Mean (±1SE) gas exchange, growth, and nonstructural carbohydrate values for P.menziesii

8and A.lasiocarpa seedlings grown at 2,450 m and 3,000 m throughout the 2006 growing season.

10S3. Root respiration calculation: As a crude assessment of the reliability of our whole-plant gas

11exchange and growth measurements, we estimated a complete carbon balance for subject

12seedlings over the entire 2006 growing season. Anet of whole crowns integrated over the entire

- 132006 growing season, when averaged over all species and elevations, was 1.92 mmol CO2 crown

141 season-1 (23.01 mg C season-1), and mean dry mass gain of seedlings was 34.6 mg. Assuming

1542 to 51% of this dry mass is carbon (from Units and Conversions table in Larcher 2004), then

16mass gain of carbon per seedling would have been 14.6 to 17.7 mg C. Assuming carbon gain of

17the whole plant equals net carbon uptake of the crown plus carbon loss from roots, then 5.3 to

188.5 mg C could be attributable to root efflux. Thus, approximately 20% of the gross carbon

19uptake could be attributable to respiration or other carbon loss from roots. Although this

20estimate seems plausible, empirical data on respiration at the root or whole-plant level are scarce

21in the literature (see Atkin et al. 2005 for references), and we do not have reliable root respiration

22to verify this value.

1 1 24S4. Mid-season and end-season mean (±1 SE) Fv/Fm values for Pseudotsuga menziesii (square

25symbols) and Abies lasiocarpa seedlings (round symbols) grown at 2,450 m (solid) and 3,000 m

26(open).

2 2 37

39 Elevation 2,450 m 3,000 m 40 Tsoil 41 mean 13.5 ±0.7 11.6 ±0.7 max 20.6 ±0.9 22.9 ±1.3 42 min 8.3 ±0.5 5.3 ±0.4 Tair 43 mean 12.7 ±0.6 10.0 ±0.6 44 max 19.7 ±0.7 17.3 ±0.8 min 7.04 ±0.5 5.2 ±0.6 45

3 3 46S2

Date-of- Tissue type measurement Pseudotsuga menziesii Abies lasiocarpa 2,450 (m) 3,000 (m) 2,450 (m) 3,000 (m) Gross photosynthesis -2 -1 (μmol CO2 m d ) 7/11/2006 365.67±57.7 269.58±97.3 121.12±23.1 98.37±22.5 8/03/2006 128.42±19.7 216.7±46.9 141.07±29.4 157.02±34.3 8/19/2006 187.25±26.6 206.4±23.4 246.31±30.4 251.4152.6 9/10/2006 174.21±39.27 164.63±48.2 114.17±36.7 139.59±26.7 Respiration -2 -1 (μmol CO2 m d ) 7/11/2006 122.60±24.6 60.65±14.1 38.84±8.9 33.36±4.5 8/03/2006 41.84±5.1 48.14±6.5 55.41±9.4 37.60±6.2 8/19/2006 76.90±21.9 84.61±9.2 129.55±11.2 104.15±21.6 9/10/2006 85.08±34.4 44.92±10.8 62.25±23.5 33.84±4.6 Whole-plant mass (mg) 7/11/2006 20.1±4.0 15.0±1.6 17.0±0.7 13.6±0.6 8/03/2006 33.4±2.2 28.8±1.1 38.7±2.4 34.9±2.3 8/19/2006 36.4±1.6 30.8±4.4 55.2±4.5 39.4±4.2 9/10/2006 47.1±6.8 45.9±3.6 48.4±5.7 56.9±7.5 Needle mass (mg) 7/11/2006 10.4±2.5 7.5±0.9 9.2±0.6 6.9±0.2 8/03/2006 16.4±0.8 13.3±0.5 22.9±1.9 20.1±1.6 8/19/2006 16.8±1.4 16.5±2.7 34.7±3.1 23.5±2.8 9/10/2006 17.6±2.9 17.8±1.0 24.9±3.6 30.2±4.4 Root area (cm2) 7/11/2006 1.46±0.19 1.15±0.04 1.13±0.05 0.86±0.08 8/03/2006 2.17±0.21 2.20±0.22 2.09±0.23 1.79±0.14 8/19/2006 1.40±0.05 0.86±0.08 1.75±0.40 1.18 9/10/2006 2.79±0.51 2.69±0.47 2.77±0.87 2.14±0.24 Root mass (mg) 7/11/2006 9.7±1.6 7.6±0.7 7.8±0.3 6.6±0.4 8/03/2006 17.0±1.7 15.6±0.9 15.8±1.3 14.8±1.1 8/19/2006 19.6±1.0 14.3±2.1 20.5±2.2 16.9±1.4 9/10/2006 29.5±4.1 28.1±3.2 23.5±3.7 26.6±3.1 Specific leaf area (cm2/mg) 7/11/2006 0.15±0.01 0.15±0.006 0.14±0.009 0.14±0.01 8/03/2006 0.11±0.004 0.11±0.005 0.10±0.003 0.10±0.004 8/19/2006 0.10±0.008 0.08±0.001 0.09±0.009 0.08±0.004 9/10/2006 0.09±0.004 0.08±0.004 0.08±0.002 0.07±0.003 NSC (% dry mass) Whole-plant 7/11/2006 6.6±1.1 10.6±0.8 2.4±0.1 2.2±0.1 8/03/2006 11.2±1.0 12.0±0.4 9.8±1.0 9.5±0.8 8/19/2006 6.0±0.6 7.0±0.5 7.7±0.9 6.6±0.3 9/10/2006 9.1±0.6 9.3±0.9 7.8±0.6 10.1±0.6 Needle 7/11/2006 8.5±1.5 15.6±1.3 2.7±0.2 2.6±0.3 8/03/2006 16.1±1.4 18.5±0.6 13.3±1.4 13.2±1.1 8/19/2006 8.8±1.7 9.5±0.5 11.2±0.9 10.6±0.8 9/10/2006 10.8±0.5 11.8±1.2 9.6±0.7 12.5±0.6 Non-needle 7/11/2006 4.5±0.9 5.6±0.6 2.2±0.2 1.8±0.1 8/03/2006 6.3±0.9 6.4±0.5 4.3±0.3 4.3±0.3 8/19/2006 3.9±1.6 3.7±0.9 1.5±0.6 1.9±1.0 9/10/2006 8.1±0.7 7.4±1.2 5.8±0.5 7.4±0.9

4 4 Starch (% dry mass) Whole-plant 7/11/2006 3.4±0.7 6.4±0.7 1.6±0.1 1.3±0.1 8/03/2006 5.9±0.7 7.5±0.4 4.9±0.7 4.3±0.7 8/19/2006 1.2±0.4 1.7±0.5 1.8±0.6 1.9±0.3 9/10/2006 3.4±0.3 4.1±0.4 2.4±0.2 4.0±0.6 Non-needle 7/11/2006 1.8±0.2 2.2±0.4 1.1±0.1 0.9±0.2 8/03/2006 2.2±0.5 2.8±0.2 1.4±0.2 1.5±0.1 8/19/2006 0.7±0.3 1.4±0.2 0.3±0.2 1.0±0.3 9/10/2006 3.9±0.4 3.9±0.7 2.2±0.1 4.0±0.9 Simple sugars (% dry mass) Whole-plant 7/11/2006 3.2±0.7 4.2±0.2 0.8±0.1 0.9±0.1 8/03/2006 5.3±0.3 4.5±0.2 4.9±0.4 5.2±0.2 8/19/2006 4.8±0.3 5.2±0.5 5.9±0.4 4.7±0.4 9/10/2006 5.7±0.3 5.1±0.5 5.4±0.4 6.1±0.3 Needle 7/11/2006 3.5±0.6 5.0±0.4 0.7±0.2 0.8±0.2 8/03/2006 6.5±0.4 5.4±0.3 6.2±0.6 6.9±0.2 8/19/2006 7.0±1.3 7.7±0.8 8.7±0.5 7.7±0.8 9/10/2006 8.1±0.5 7.6±0.8 7.2±0.3 8.6±0.7 Non-needle 7/11/2006 2.8±0.7 3.4±0.4 1.1±0.2 0.9±0.1 8/03/2006 4.2±0.4 3.7±0.3 2.8±0.1 2.9±0.3 8/19/2006 3.3±1.3 2.3±0.7 1.2±0.4 1.0±0.7 9/10/2006 4.2±0.3 3.5±0.5 3.6±0.6 3.4±0.2 48

5 5 50S4

0.70 m F / v

F 0.65

51 18 Aug 2006 10 Sept 2006 14 Sept 2005