The Present Participle and the Past Participle Are Always Used with an Auxiliary Verb

Principal Parts of Verbs

You have already learned about the present tense (ask), the past tense (asked), and the future tense (will ask). Verbs have other tenses too. All the tenses of a verb come from four basic forms. These basic forms are the principal parts of the verb.

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS Verb Present Participle Past Past Participle work (is) working worked (has) worked share (is) sharing shared (has) shared ride (is) riding rode (has) ridden know (is) knowing knew (has) known

The present participle and the past participle are always used with an auxiliary verb.

Most verbs have past and past participle forms that are formed by adding – d or –ed. These verbs are called regular verbs because they follow this pattern. Notice in the chart that work and share are regular verbs.

The past and the past participle of some verbs are not formed by adding –d or –ed. These verbs are irregular verbs. In the chart, the verbs ride and know are irregular verbs.

Remember!

When a regular verb ends with a consonant and y, change the y to i before adding –ed. When a regular one-syllable verb ends with a vowel and a consonant, double the consonant before adding –ed.

cry = cried hurry = hurried hop = hopped fan = fanned Guided Practice Directions: What are the present participle, the past, and the past participle of the following verbs?

Example: walk Present Participle Past Past Participle

(is) walking walked (has) walked

Verb Present Participle Past Past Participle hike wait drop ride know jump hop fan cry Summing Up:  The principal parts, or basic forms, of a verb include the verb, the present participle, the past, and the past participle.  When the past and the past participle of a verb are formed by adding –d or –ed, the verb is regular. When the past and the past participle are formed in some other way, the verb is irregular.

Independent Practice

Directions: Underline the main verb in each sentence. Label it regular or irregular.

Example: People have watched birds for thousands of years.

People have watched birds for thousands of years. regular

1. Many scientists studied the secret of flight.

2. No one had found the answer until 1903.

3. Orville and Wilbur Wright changed the world.

4. They built a flying machine.

5. In 1905 Wilbur kept his plane in the air for thirty- three minutes.

6. Five days later Wilbur flew in a complete circle.

7. In 1927 one man surprised the entire world. 8. He did something entirely new.

9. Charles A. Lindbergh completed the first solo airplane fight across the Atlantic Ocean.

10. He flew nonstop from New York City to Paris, France.

11. During the flight, Lindbergh met many challenges.

12. Severe storms lashed his small plane.

13. Again and again, he fought drowsiness.

14. Finally, after thirty-three hours and thirty minutes in the air, Lindbergh saw the Paris airfield.

15. He told his story in the book The Spirit of St. Louis.