A Questionnaire Survey (Updated) for Comparative Studies On

A questionnaire survey (updated) for ‘Comparative Studies on the New Migrants from BRIC Countries in the UK, USA, Australia and Japan’

Dear all,

Thank you very much for your interest in our questionnaire survey on migrants from the BRIC countries to the UK, USA, Australia and Japan, and for your valuable feedback.

BRIC refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China which together account for more than 1/4 of the world's land area and more than 2/5 of the world's population. As a group, they are considered to be at a similar stage of rapidly advancing economic development, and predicted to become the major economic force in the world within a few decades.

As you probably know, migration from the BRIC countries has been on the increase in many developed countries, such as the UK, USA, Australia and Japan. Both the BRIC countries themselves and the migrants they send out are of great importance in shaping the future of global society.

CCPN is engaged in an international collaborative research project known as 'Comparative Studies on the New Migrants from BRIC counties in America, Australia, Japan and the UK' (2009-2013). The project is funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and involves researchers originated from Australia, Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Russia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, UK, and USA. Our research focuses on 'new migrants' who migrated from the BRIC countries to the UK, the USA, Australia and Japan since 1989, including those who have been living in the receiving countries for more than 5 years but excluding those Chinese migrants who came from Hong Kong ad Macao.

Our research will be used to identify ways of fostering the economic and social well-being of BRIC migrants in the four countries under study, and enhance their economic and social contribution to their host countries. We are also interested in ways in which migrants residing abroad can assist the development of their home countries.

Whether you are yourself a new migrant, or are simply living in a society subject to migration, you may find the questions in our survey interesting and thought-provoking. We would be grateful if you could give your valuable time to complete the enclosed questionnaire, or if you are not yourself a member of one of our target groups, but know people who are, could direct them to this webpage.

Please be assured that: • the questionnaire will only take 30 minutes to complete (total 35 questions in 8 sessions) • all the data will be used for statistical analysis only and will be treated with strict confidentiality • your name and any other identifying details will not be included in the published results • at your request we will send you a summary of the survey results when they have been collated

If you prefer to answer the questions offline, please download it in both English and Japanese versions from China in Comparative Perspective (CCPN) website: http://www2.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/Research/CCPN/ICRB/BRIC_project/QuestionnaireSurvey/Questi onnaireSurvey.aspx. When completed, please email it as an attachment to: [email protected].

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Dr Xiangqun Chang: [email protected] for further clarification.

Once again thank you very much for your kind cooperation in this questionnaire survey!

The BRIC migrants project team

1 I. Respondents profile 1. Age: 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-60 Over 60 2. Gender: Male Female

3. Nationality: Brazilian Russian Indian Chinese British American Australian Japanese Other (please specify) E 4. Which BRIC country have you migrated from? Brazil Russia India China 5. Which country have you migrated to? UK USA Australia Japan

6. Religion: No religion Christian Buddhist Hindu Jewish Muslim Sikh Other (please specify) 7. Level of English (or Japanese if migrated to Japan): a) On arrival: Poor Basic Intermediate Fluent b) Current: Poor Basic Intermediate Fluent 8. Highest educational qualification: A’ Level or equivalent Bachelor’s degree Master’s degree PhD degree Other Please specify the subject of highest educational qualification: 9. Where did you obtain your highest qualification? in your home country in current country of residence 10. Marriage status: Single Married or cohabit Divorced Other (please specify): E a) if married to or cohabit with someone, please specify who it is: someone from your own ethnicity/country who is not a UK/USA/Australian/Japanese national someone from your own ethnicity/country who is currently a UK/USA/Australian/Japanese Permanent Residence holder or citizen a native UK/USA/Australian/Japanese citizen who is not from your own ethnicity/country b) Do you have children? No children One child Two children Three children Four children & more c) Your wife/husband/partner’ employment status: Unemployed Self-employed Full-time employed Part-time employed Temporarily employed Other

11. When did you leave your home country? between 1980-1989 between 1990-1999 after 2000 II. Prior to immigration 12. Employment prior to coming to the UK/USA/Australia/Japan: a) Employment status: Unemployed Self-employed Full-time employed Part-time employed Temporarily employed Other b) Occupation (if not sure please check International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO 08) Managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Clerical support workers Service and sales workers Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers Craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators, and assemblers Elementary occupations Armed forces occupations Other c) Length of employment: under 5 years 5-10 years 11-20 years over 20 years 13. To what extent did the following issues affect your decision to migrate to the UK/USA/Australia/Japan? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very little Influence ~ 5=very high influence) a) Influence from family members 1 2 3 4 5 b) Insufficient income in home country 1 2 3 4 5 c) Lack of employment opportunities in home country 1 2 3 4 5 d) Obtaining higher educational qualifications to improve employability 1 2 3 4 5 e) Political situation of home country 1 2 3 4 5 f) Religious situation of home country 1 2 3 4 5 g) My luck/fate 1 2 3 4 5 14. To what extent did the following factors attract you to migrate to the UK/USA/Australia/Japan? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very little influence ~ 5=very high influence) a) Higher income 1 2 3 4 5 b) Better work environment 1 2 3 4 5 c) Better chance to receive higher education 1 2 3 4 5 d) Better chance for children’s education 1 2 3 4 5 e) To join my spouse and/or family 1 2 3 4 5 2 f) Clear and fair system of law and order 1 2 3 4 5 g) Religious freedom 1 2 3 4 5 h) My luck/fate 1 2 3 4 5 III. On arrival 15. Legal status in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan: a) On arrival: Visitor Student Spouse/partner Work permit holder Permanent resident Citizen Other (please specify): E b) Current: Visitor Student Spouse/partner Work permit holder Permanent resident Citizen Other (please specify): E 16. Housing tenure: a) On arrival: Share with relative Share with friend Employer provided Rented Owned house/flat b) Current: Share with relative Share with friend Employer provided Rented Owned house/flat IV. Employment 17. First employment in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan (Please tick as applicable): a) Employment status: Unemployed Self-employed Full-time employed Part-time employed Temporarily employed Other b) Occupation (if not sure please check International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO 08) Managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Clerical support workers Service and sales workers Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers Craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators, and assemblers Elementary occupations Armed forces occupations Other c) Length of employment: under 5 years 5-10 years 11-20 years over 20 years d) Annual income (before tax) – please choose the relevant country: UK: None less than GBP£10,000 between GBP£10,000-20,000 between GBP£20,000-50,000 between GBP£50,000-75,000 above GBP£75,000 USA: None less than USD$20,000 between USD$20,000-40,000 between USD$40,000-70,000 between USD$70,000-90,000 above USD$90,000 Australia: None less than AUD$20,000 between AUD$20,000-40,000 between AUD$40,000-70,000 between AUD$70,000-90,000 above AUD$90,000 Japan: None less than JPY¥1,200,000 between JPY¥1,200,000-3,000,000 between JPY¥3,000,000- 5,000,000 between JPY¥5,000,000-9,000,000 above JPY¥9,000,000 18. Current employment: a) Employment status: still in first employment (if you ticked this please ignore the rest choices in this question) Unemployed Self-employed Full-time employed Part-time employed Temporarily employed Other b) Occupation (if not sure please check International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO 08) Managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Clerical support workers Service and sales workers Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers Craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators, and assemblers Elementary occupations Armed forces occupations Other c) Length of employment: under 5 years 5-10 years 11-20 years over 20 years d) Annual income (before tax) – please choose the relevant country: UK: None less than GBP£10,000 between GBP£10,000-20,000 between GBP£20,000-50,000 between GBP£50,000-75,000 above GBP£75,000 USA: None less than USD$20,000 between USD$20,000-40,000 between USD$40,000-70,000 between USD$70,000-90,000 above USD$90,000 Australia: None less than AUD$20,000 between AUD$20,000-40,000 between AUD$40,000-70,000 between AUD$70,000-90,000 above AUD$90,000 Japan: None less than JPY¥1,200,000 between JPY¥1,200,000-3,000,000 between JPY¥3,000,000- 5,000,000 between JPY¥5,000,000-9,000,000 above JPY¥9,000,000 19. How many times have you changed a job since you arrived in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan? 20. How important are the reasons below that caused you to change a job? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=no or very little importance ~ 5=very high importance) a) I found a better job (including the start of one’s own business) 1 2 3 4 5 b) I left my job to gain higher qualifications 1 2 3 4 5 c) My company went bankrupt 1 2 3 4 5 d) My English (or Japanese if in Japan) was not good enough 1 2 3 4 5

3 e) My knowledge or skills were insufficient 1 2 3 4 5 f) I didn’t get on with my boss or colleagues 1 2 3 4 5 g) I felt I was treated unfairly (e.g. was discriminated against) by native people 1 2 3 4 5 21. To what extent do you use the following means to find work in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very rarely ~ 5=very often) a) Internet 1 2 3 4 5 b) TV 1 2 3 4 5 c) Newspapers 1 2 3 4 5 d) Friends or relatives 1 2 3 4 5 e) Religious or ethnic networks 1 2 3 4 5 V. Interactions with home and receiving countries 22. How important to you are the following factors? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=no or very little importance ~ 5=very high importance) a) Interaction with friends in home country 1 2 3 4 5 b) Interaction with family members in home country 1 2 3 4 5 c) Interaction with government in home country 1 2 3 4 5 d) Interaction with ethnic or religious activities in home country 1 2 3 4 5 e) Interaction with friends in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 f) Interaction with your country’s embassy in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 g) Interaction with ethnic or religious activities in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 23. To what extent do you use the following means to collect information relating to your home country? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very rarely ~ 5=very often) a) Internet 1 2 3 4 5 b) TV 1 2 3 4 5 c) Newspapers 1 2 3 4 5 d) Friends or relatives 1 2 3 4 5 e) Religious or ethnic networks 1 2 3 4 5 24. How many times did you go back to your home country in the past 5 years? a) Purely holiday visit: None 1-2 3-5 6-10 more than 10 b) Work-combined visit: None 1-2 3-5 6-10 more than 10 VI. Life 25. To what extent does your social life in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan involve the following? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very rarely ~ 5=very often) a) Neighbours 1 2 3 4 5 b) Relatives 1 2 3 4 5 c) Friends 1 2 3 4 5 d) Classmates/teachers 1 2 3 4 5 e) Colleagues 1 2 3 4 5 f) Parent-teacher association of children 1 2 3 4 5 g) Leisure activities 1 2 3 4 5 h) Religious/ethnic activities 1 2 3 4 5 26. To what extent did you find the following factors difficult in your adaptation to UK/USA/Australia/Japan life? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=no at all or very little difficulty ~ 5=very much difficulty) a) Language 1 2 3 4 5 b) Finding a house 1 2 3 4 5 c) Finding a job 1 2 3 4 5 d) Relationships with people at work 1 2 3 4 5 e) Relationships with people in your neighbourhood 1 2 3 4 5 f) Cultural acceptance 1 2 3 4 5 VII. Attitudes 27. What are your plans for the next 5 to 10 years? Move to another country Continue to live in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan Go back to your home country Other (please specify) 28. To what extent are you satisfied with the following aspects of your stay in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=no at all or very little satisfaction ~ 5=very high satisfaction) 4 a) Your decision to come to the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 b) Public services 1 2 3 4 5 c) Children's education 1 2 3 4 5 d) Income in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 e) Equality of work-related opportunities 1 2 3 4 5 f) Equality in the society/community 1 2 3 4 5 g) Housing availability in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 h) Immigration laws in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 i) Opportunities for integration into UK/USA/Australia/Japan society 1 2 3 4 5 j) Sense of belonging in the UK/USA/Australian/Japanese society 1 2 3 4 5 29. To what extent do you feel affection to the UK/USA/Australia/Japan and your home country? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very little ~ 5 very much) a) to the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 b) to your home country 1 2 3 4 5 30. How do you rate your identity/identities in your EVERYDAY life to the country where you came from and the country you are living in? (e.g. if you migrated from one of the BRIC countries and are currently living in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan, to what extent do you feel Brazilian/Russian/Indian/Chinese, and to what extent do you feel British/American/Australian/Japanese?). Please choose the relevant country and rate from 1 to 10: 1=10% ~ 10= 100%. a) Brazilian / Russian / Indian / Chinese: b) British / American / Australian / Japanese: c) Global citizen: d) Other (please specify): 31. How do you rate your identity/identities in your PROFESSIONAL life to the country where you came from and the country you are living in? Please choose the relevant country and rate from 1 to 10: 1=10% ~ 10= 100%. a) Brazilian / Russian / Indian / Chinese: b) British / American / Australian / Japanese: c) Global citizen: d) Other (please specify): 32. Can you tell us your views of aspirations and expectations of your migration, mainstream society where you live, and how migrants affect the global society in general?

VIII. Future plan 33. To what extent would the following reasons affect your decision to return to your home country in the future? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very little ~ 5= very much) a) Availability of similar working conditions 1 2 3 4 5 b) Availability of better freedom than before 1 2 3 4 5 c) Possibility of starting own business 1 2 3 4 5 d) Possibility of assisting home country’s development 1 2 3 4 5 e) Possibility of higher earnings than now 1 2 3 4 5 f) Improvement of social stability 1 2 3 4 5 g) Joining spouse and/or family 1 2 3 4 5 h) Availability of social networks 1 2 3 4 5 i) Problems over residence permit in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 j) Retirement from a job in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 k) Losing a job in the UK/USA/Australia/Japan 1 2 3 4 5 l) Religious reasons 1 2 3 4 5 m) My luck/fate 1 2 3 4 5 34. Supposing that you want to return to your home country, to what extent would the following factors prevent it? (Rate from 1 to 5: 1=not at all or very little ~ 5= very much) a) Children’s education 1 2 3 4 5 b) Insufficient savings 1 2 3 4 5 c) Remaining housing loan 1 2 3 4 5 5 d) Feeling of embarrassment 1 2 3 4 5 e) Unavailability of a stable job 1 2 3 4 5 f) Instability/Vagueness of the law and justice 1 2 3 4 5 g) Lack of social networks 1 2 3 4 5 35. If you wish to know the results of the survey, please leave your email address here, or put ‘no’: E Once again, please be assured that: • all the data will be used for statistical analysis only and will be treated with strict confidentiality • your name and any other identifying details will not be included in the published results • at your request we will send you a summary of the survey results when they have been collated Please email your completed questionnaire as an attachment to: [email protected] or complete the questionnaire directly online: https://www.survey.bris.ac.uk/lsewebsite/migrants_bric . Your kind cooperation is highly appreciated!