Psychology Is Defined As The Science Of:
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Name:______Use the answer sheet for all of the questions on this test.
Psychology 10 Test - Intro/Research/Nature vs. Nurture
1. Psychology is defined as the science of:
a. sensation and perception.
b. experience and mental illness.
c. culture and group dynamics.
d. behavior and mental processes.
2. Who is considered the "father of psychology" by his establishment of the first psychology lab?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. William James
c. Sigmund Freud
d. E. B. Tichener
3. William James:
a. was the first American psychologist.
b. wrote the first psychology textbook.
c. believed psychology should study the functions of consciousness.
d. all of the above.
4. Which of the following is considered the founder of the psychodynamic perspective in psychology?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. William James
c. Sigmund Freud
d. E. B. Tichener
5. The behaviorists believed:
a. psychology should emphasize the study of healthy people.
b. psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts.
c. psychology should study the self examination of inner ideas and experiences.
d. all of the above. 6. Who established the first psychology lab in the United States?
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. William James
c. Francis Cecil Sumner
d. Mary Whiton Calkins
7. Sue believes the field of psychology should study various methods of problem solving, how people memorize facts, and what changes our thinking structure. Sue would be described as coming from which perspective of psychology?
a. social-cultural
b. behavioral
c. humanistic
d. cognitive
8. Jim, in his approach to psychology, stresses that individuals continually strive to reach their full potential. Jim would be described as coming from which perspective of psychology?
a. social-cultural
b. behavioral
c. humanistic
d. cognitive
9. Martin E.P. Seligman felt the field of psychology should emphasize:
a. the curing of mental illness.
b. making life more productive and fulfilling.
c. self-report reflections over the scientific method.
d. how evolution has changed human behavior.
10. Jim is a researcher for a local business. He believes that research should be "problem centered" in that it tries to solve specific problems in the world. Jim is an advocate of:
a. applied research.
b. self-report research.
c. behavioral research.
d. basic research. 11. Amber is researching possible causes of suicide. For each committed suicide in the county, Amber does an in-depth study of the person's life and behaviors prior to their suicide. Amber is conducting what type of study?
a. naturalistic observation
b. correlational study
c. cross sectional study
d. case study
12. A correlation indicates:
a. the degree to which one variable is influenced or caused by another.
b. how random a sample is of the population.
c. whether the experiment can be replicated or not.
d. the degree of relationship between two variables.
13. Throughout childhood people's height increases as their age increases. This relationship between age and height would be called a(n):
a. correlation.
b. causation.
c. false correlation.
d. cause effect relationship.
14. Which of the following might create a biased survey?
a. taking a random sample of the population
b. taking too large of a sample
c. social desirability
d. designing the survey's questions carefully to avoid any bias
15. A developmental psychologist wants to study the effects of poverty on one's self concept. To do this, a group of subjects from the central city are interviewed once every five years over the period of 30 years. The same subjects are interviewed throughout the 30 years. This study is an example of what type of research?
a. cross sectional study
b. longitudinal study
c. correlational study
d. naturalistic observation 16. Which of the following research methods can a researcher draw a cause and effect conclusion?
a. experiment
b. naturalistic observation
c. survey
d. correlational study
17. Consider the following experiment: Children are divided into two groups. One group watches episodes of "Sesame Street." The other group watches cartoon episodes. Both are then given a test that measures activity in children. In this study, the independent variable is:
a. what the child watches on TV.
b. how the child scores on the activity test.
c. what type of family the child comes from.
d. the child's economic class.
18. In an experiment which receives the independent variable?
a. the confounding variable
b. the population
c. the control group
d. the experimental group
19. In an experiment which group would be given a placebo?
a. the population
b. the random sample
c. the control group
d. the experimental group
20. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four basic principles for human participation in an experiment?
a. informed consent
b. confidentiality
c. debriefing
d. replication 21. Any non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us, is the definition of:
a. a mutation.
b. natural selection.
c. the environment.
d. heritability.
22. One's chromosomes are made up of:
a. nucleotides.
b. genomes.
c. nurtures.
d. DNA.
23. Having a predisposition to a given genetic disease implies that:
a. the person will definitely develop that disease.
b. the person has the possibility of developing the disease.
c. the person will always pass the gene on to offspring.
d. the gene will be mutated when passed on to any offspring.
24. Darwin's principle of "survival of the fittest" suggests that those members of a species with trait variations that contribute to their survival will live longer and thereby are more likely to pass those traits on to succeeding generations. This follows the concept of:
a. nucleotides.
b. behavior genetics.
c. heritability.
d. natural selection.
25. Jessie and Kristin are twins that developed from a single fertilized egg. Jessie and Kristin are called:
a. identical twins.
b. fraternal twins.
c. fraternal identical twins. d. identical fraternal twins.
26. A study comparing the divorce rates of twins found that if one twin was divorced, the odds were 5.5 times higher the other twin would get divorced. In analyzing these results it is important to:
a. compare the effects of natural selection on divorce.
b. conclude the results are due to cultural influences.
c. not conclude that divorce is heritable.
d. note any genetic differences in the identical twins studied.
27. The shared attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of a group is the definition of:
a. culture.
b. individualism.
c. collectivism.
d. norms.
28. Sabrina, from Isamanig, Germany, is visiting Germantown High School in Wisconsin with a student exchange program between Germany and the United States. During her visit, Sabrina is having trouble understanding what some of the "proper" behaviors are in the United States versus the "proper" behaviors in Germany. Sabrina is having problems understanding American cultural:
a. nurtures.
b. collectivism.
c. individualism.
d. norms.
29. A society in which the needs of the group have priority over the needs of the individual is referred to as:
a. norms.
b. individualist.
c. culture.
d. collectivist.
30. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in these research designs. IV DV a b c d e a. An experiment to find out if wearing headphones in study hall will help improve grades. b. An experiment to find out if playing music to your baby will increase their intelligence. c. An experiment to find out if people’s moods are affected by the clothes they wear. d. An experiment to find out if your memory improves as you get older. e. An experiment to find out if cramming for a test works better than studying a little bit each day to improve grades.
Short Answer – Answer in complete sentences. Write enough for each point.
1. If you were to work in one of the fields of psychology which would it be and why? Include some of the things you might be doing as this type of psychologist. (4pts) 2. Give an example of a confounding variable that might interfere with the results of an experiment. (2pts) 3. What is the difference between nature and nurture and explain how the two work together. (3pts) 4. What are the four ethical principles that need to be considered when doing any type of research? Do these also apply to animals? Do you think they should? Explain. (7pts)