1) Economic and Political Differences Led to ____ in the United States

2012 Final Exam 1) Economic and Political differences led to ____ in the United States. a. Imperialism b. Popular sovereignty c. Sectionalism d. Expansionism

2) Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Grimke sisters were all 19th- century leaders in the movement to: ____ a. reform prisons b. establish woman’s suffrage c. protect Native American Indians d. abolish slavery

3) Which literary work exposed the evils of slavery? ______(a) Common Sense (b) The Jungle (c) The Grapes of Wrath (d) Uncle Tom’s Cabin

4) Which Civil War event occurred first? ____ a. battle of Gettysburg b. firing on Fort Sumter c. assassination of President Lincoln d. Emancipation Proclamation

5) Which statement is best supported by the information in the chart above? a. The South had a greater percentage of workers in industry than did the North in 1861. b. The South had more farms than did the North in 1861. c. The North had many advantages over the South at the beginning of the Civil War. d. The North and South produced equal amounts of manufactured goods prior to the Civil War. 6) An issue that divided the North and South and led to the Civil War was the:____ a. length of the term of the president b. use of judicial review by the Supreme Court c. balance of power between the states and the federal government d. application of the impeachment process

7) One immediate result of The Emancipation Proclamation: _____ a. was that it ended slavery in the U.S. b. that Lincoln added the idea of ending slavery to the goal of preserving the Union c. was that Confederate president Jefferson Davis proclaimed the end of Slavery d. None of the above

8) Poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause were all created during the late 1800s to restrict the voting rights of: a. Native American Indians b. women c. immigrants d. African Americans

9) The constitutional amendments adopted during the Reconstruction period dealt primarily with the: a. method of choosing United States senators b. expansion of the rights of African Americans c. prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages d. extension of voting rights to women

10) What was the most significant economic impact of the transcontinental railroads during the late 1800s? a. eliminating overseas trade with Europe b. expanding interstate commerce nationwide c. decreasing the influence of big business d. rapid rebuilding of the South after the Civil War

11) The name of 1862 act which encouraged settlement on the frontier by granting 160 acres of land in return for working that land for a period of 5 years: a. Dawes Act b. Indian Reservation Act c. Homestead Act d. Oklahoma Land Grants 12) Mass production is a term that can best be defined as the: a. number of hours employees are required to work b. manufacture of large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply c. profit made by a large business or corporation d. formation of a business monopoly

13) Antitrust laws such as the Sherman Antitrust Act were passed by Congress in an effort to: a. regulate the power of big business b. limit low-priced imported goods c. encourage more immigration d. provide safer consumer products

14) Which event led to the passage of laws that created safer working conditions? a. Haymarket riot b. Pullman strike c. Triangle Shirtwaist fire d. breakup of the Standard Oil Company

15) A feature that is unique to a free-enterprise economic system is: a. government ownership of most companies b. strict government regulation of business c. private ownership of the means of production d. wages and prices set by the government

16) Increased prices, lack of competition, and lack of incentives to make good products are all the result of: a. the free enterprise system b. the use of child labor c. the Sherman-Anti Trust Act d. formation of monopolies

17) Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

a. Government Ends Regulation of Business b. Progressive Movement Changes American Lives c. American Citizens Get New Responsibilities d. United States Becomes an Industrial Nation 18) Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are considered muckrakers because they a. established a new political party b. exposed corruption and abuses in society c. organized labor unions d. drew cartoons to criticize politician

19) During the late 1800s and early 1900s, one way in which the temperance movement and the woman’s suffrage movement were similar is that both tried to a. protect the rights of factory workers b. reduce the power of big business c. end protective tariffs to aid consumers d. achieve reform by supporting a constitutional amendment

20) In the late 1800s, the United States became an imperialist nation when it a. acquired overseas territories b. declared its neutrality c. formed military alliances d. reduced trade with other nations

21) The Monroe Doctrine, the Roosevelt Corollary, and Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy all shaped United States relations with a. Latin America b. Asia c. the Middle East d. Africa

22) The goal of the Open Door policy of the United States was to: _____ a. establish military control of Latin America b. protect United States trading rights in China c. encourage Japanese immigration to the United States d. allow for free trade with the Philippines

23) Which document contains President Woodrow Wilson’s call to create the League of Nations? a. Zimmerman telegram b. Atlantic Charter c. Fourteen Points d. Kellogg-Briand Pact 24) Which title best completes this graphic organizer? a. Gilded Age b. Roaring Twenties c. Reconstruction Era d. Progressive Era

25) The desire to stay out of European conflicts, to “Return to Normalcy”, and isolationist feelings led the United States to: a. American involvement in the Russian Civil War b. The American failure to join the League of Nations c. American expansion into the Middle East d. None of the above

26) What was one effect of the Harlem Renaissance? ______a. Prohibition ended for African Americans. b. The formation of multiracial corporations was encouraged. c. African-American cultural pride flourished in the cities. d. Many African-American veterans of World War I were unemployed

27) The Great Depression was caused in part by: ______a. increasing government support of big business b. the overuse of credit and installment buying c. high wages and low unemployment d. the scarcity of farm products

28) Which conditions are characteristic of a depression: ____ (1) high production and high employment (2) supply meeting demand (3) large amounts of money in circulation and high stock prices (4) high unemployment and little consumer demand 29) The major difference between the New Deal and other government programs before it was: ____ a. the government did less to help the economy b. the government did the same as it had done in the past c. the government became more involved in solving the economic crisis d. the government followed more of a lassiz faire policy

30) Some people opposed the New Deal because they thought that: ______a. it was a danger to the free-enterprise system b. Congress had too much power over the president c. women should not be granted voting rights d. the Supreme Court should develop governmental policies

31) Which New Deal legislation continues to play a significant role in American life? __ a. Agricultural Adjustment Act b. Federal Emergency Relief Act c. National Industrial Recovery Act d. Social Security Act

“Nuremberg Laws Take Away Jewish Citizenship in Germany” “Synagogues and Jewish-Owned Businesses Destroyed Across Germany” “Mass Extermination of Jewish People, Other Victims at Auschwitz”

32) The headlines above are most directly associated with the: a. German blitzkrieg b. Holocaust c. Manhattan Project d. building of the Berlin Wall

33) Victory gardens, rationing, scrap drives, and bond drives are most closely associated with; a. home front efforts during World War II b. McCarthyism during the Cold War c. the antiwar movement in the 1960s d. environmental conservation in the 1970s

34) During both World War I and World War II, women supported the war effort by: a. joining the infantry b. going to work in factories c. gaining the right to vote d. returning to college 35) The Marshall Plan provided economic aid after World War II in order to: a. strengthen Western European nations against communism b. assist soldiers returning to civilian life c. help Japan rebuild damage caused by the atomic bombs d. raise the standard of living in Asia and Africa

36) One long-term result of the creation of an interstate highway system was that it: a. led to the passage of the GI Bill b. caused a decline in the automobile industry c. improved relations with Canada and Mexico d. supported the growth of American industry

37) The Marshall Plan, the Berlin airlift, and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were all steps taken by the United States during the: a. Cold War b. Vietnam War c. Korean War d. Persian Gulf War

“African Americans Boycott Buses in Montgomery” “Levittown Suburban Development Continues to Grow” “Baby Boom Is Now in Its Tenth Year” 38) In which decade would these three headlines above have been published? a. 1920s b. 1940s c. 1930s d. 1950s

39) The main reason for United States military involvement in Vietnam in the early 1960s was to: a. stop the expansion of communism b. support French colonialism c. acquire more natural resources d. prevent Japan from controlling Southeast Asia

40) Most historians agree that the world came closest to nuclear war during which event? a. Berlin blockade b. Communist takeover of China c. Cuban missile crisis d. Vietnam War 41) Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs: ______a. limited the size of government b. expanded and modernized the size of the military c. were government programs to fight poverty d. programs intended to improve the quality of television programs

42) One of the direct results of Nixon’s visit to China: _____ a. was the establishment of trade agreements with China b. setup a chain of Chinese restaurants c. led to a joint Chinese American war effort d. increased tension with Britain

43) The most direct result of the Watergate scandal was the a. assassination of President John F. Kennedy b. decision of President Lyndon Johnson not to seek reelection c. resignation of President Richard Nixon d. election of President Ronald Reagan

44) One problem that President Carter had to deal with was: _____ a. the shooting down of a U2 spy plane over the Soviet Union b. the invasion of South Korea by North Korea c. the assassination of South Vietnamese President Diem d. the Iranian Hostage Crisis

45) Ronald Reagan cut taxes and reduced the size of government to: _____ a. end the recession b. fight the Soviets c. push for greater equality d. improve the living conditions in the White House

46) One major way the United States economy has changed since the 1960s is that a. jobs have shifted from manufacturing to service industries b. the number of small farms has increased while manufacturing has declined c. trade with foreign nations has decreased d. technology has lost its importance

47) Which economic concept is best described as a rise in prices with a decrease in the value of money? a. inflation b. depression c. recession d. deflation 48) What is the main economic system of the United States? a. mercantilism b. socialism c. communism d. capitalism

49) Appeasement is the concept of giving in to an aggressor in order to avoid a larger conflict. Which war was appeasement most closely associated with: a. The Cold War b. The Civil War c. World War II d. The Spanish-American War

50) Which statement is an opinion about the Cold War? a. The Space Race was a result of the Cold War. b. During the Cold War people feared the outbreak of Nuclear War. c. The United States supported nations opposed to the spread of communism. d. Communist leaders were not very good at running their nation’s economies. Constructed Response

51) What issue does the term “Free Territory” refer to in this 1860 presidential campaign poster: ______

52) What was the immediate impact of Lincoln’s victory in the Election of 1860 on the eventual outbreak of the Civil War? ______Complete the chart below by identifying the turning point battle associated with the conflict or the conflict associated with the turning point battle.

Military Conflicts Conflict/War Turning Point Battle 53) Civil War

54) Battle of Stalingrad

55) Vietnam

Important Supreme Court Cases Case Ruling 56) *Court rules that “separate but equal” faculties are legal

*segregation is legal

57) * Court rules that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”

* segregation is a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment Railroad Construction

58) What did the United States Government give to the railroad companies to encourage them to build the rail lines? ______

59) Identify two ways that railroad companies made large amounts of money off of the construction of the railroad lines. a. ______b. ______

60)What were two effects that the construction of the transcontinental rail road had on the United States a. ______b. ______This newspaper advertisement, paid for by the steel trust, appeared in the Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph during the steel strike in Pittsburgh in 1919.

61) Why is this message stated in several different languages? ______

62) State two reasons workers in the late 1800s and early 1900s went on strike. a. ______b. ______Social Movements have brought about important changes in American History. Complete the chart below by identifying the missing information in the chart. You must identify the social movement, goal of the movement, or at least one important figure associated with that movement.

Social Movements Movement Goal Important Figures Abolitionism 63) Frederick Douglas,

Fight Corruption in 64) Progressive Government and Business Movement

65) Improve conditions for Sam Gompers workers

66) Civil Rights Martin Luther King Movement

Woman’s Suffrage 67) Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Temperance 68) Women’s Christian Movement Temperance League 69)Identify one reason that United States would have wanted to acquire islands in the Pacific: ______70) Identify the nation the United States fought a war with to acquire Guam and the Philippines? ______71) Describe one reason that some Americans were opposed to the United States becoming an imperialist nation. ______72) What term best describes U.S. foreign policy before 1898: ______73) Identify two methods, other than marches, that were used by Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights movement to fight segregation and injustice: a. ______b. ______

Taliban Find Sanctuaries in Lawless Pakistani Provinces President Obama Increases Drone Strikes on Taliban Leadership in Pakistan Americans Begin to Question Support of Corrupt Karzi Government President Obama to Increase Troop Levels 74) Which current American conflict would the headlines above be most closely associated with? ______75) Identify how much would one share of Apple stock cost if you were to purchase it at 10:38 a.m. on 6/15/2011? ______

Describe one way that an investor can make a profit through this type of investment: ______