Parish of Bombay-Pokeno

PARISH OF BOMBAY-POKENO DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

The following information is extracted from census material and from other material held in my office.

The first issue to determine is the location of the parish. The boundaries, as I have them, are as follows:

From the point on the shore of the Firth of Thames where the eastern boundary of the Waikato county joins the coast line, by the eastern boundary of the Waikato County to its intersection with the southern boundary of Block VII, Piako Survey District; thence westerly by the south boundary of Blocks VII and VI, Piako Survey District; thence southerly by the western boundary of Block X, Piako Survey District, to intersection with the Pokaewhenua Stream; thence westerly along the Pokaewhenua Stream to and by the Whangamarino River to its junction with the Waikato River, to the centre line of the Waikato River, and by the Waikato River to the western boundary of the Maungatawhiri Parish; thence by the western boundaries of the Maungatawhiri and Opaheke Parishes to the point where the western boundary of the Opaheke Parish crosses the Runciman - Pukekohe Road.

I have had some difficulty tracing these boundaries (many of the references have been superseded) but have been helped a little by identifying the boundaries of neighbouring parishes. The parishes in question are Clevedon, Papakura, Pukekohe, Tuakau and the Auckland-Waikato diocesan boundary. The boundaries for two of these parishes were recently revised:

Clevedon Commencing at the mouth of the Waihopuhopu Stream on the Firth of Thames, by a direct line to One Tree Hill(trig station 619); thence by a direct line to the intersection of Hunua Road and Jones Road (west of Hunua township) thence in a straight line to the point where Porchester Road crosses the Papakura Stream; thence by Porchester Road to the point where it joins Alfriston Road; thence by a direct line to trig station 28; thence in a straight line in a north- easterly direction to trig station 4292; thence in a straight line in a northerly direction to Kellys Beach; and thence following the coastline to the point of commencement.

Papakura Commencing at the mouth of the Papakura Stream on the Manukau Harbour, thence by the Papakura Stream to the point where it is crossed by Porchester Road, thence by a straight line in a south-easterly direction to the intersection of Hunua Road and Jones Road (west of Hunua township), thence by a straight line in a south-westerly direction to trig station 4731 on Ponga Road, thence in a straight line to trig station 7A near Burtt Road, thence in a straight line to the intersection of Glenbrook Road and Charles Road, thence along the centre of Glenbrook Road in a westerly direction to the head tidal water of the Taihiki River, thence by the Taihiki River and the shore of the Manukau Harbour to the point of commencement.

I believe the map on the following pages gives a reasonable interpretation of the boundaries: Approximate boundaries of the Parish of Bombay-Pokeno The purpose of this exercise is to determine which Census area units are included in the parish. I conclude that the following should be included:

Map reference Census Area Unit Notes Map A 36 Bombay Map A 37 Hunua Although geographically most of it falls within the Clevedon boundaries, the bulk of the population would live within the Bombay-Pokeno boundaries. Map B 3 Pokeno Map B 4 Mangatawhiri Map B 25 Maramarua Map B 26 Meremere I do not have demographic data for this unit, but it is probably quite insignificant.

Map B The following data is based on the above assumptions:

TOTAL POPULATION Area Unit 1991 1996 2001 91-96 96-01 91-96 96-01 Popn Popn Popn +/- +/- % % Bombay 840 828 693 - 12 - 137 - 1.4 - 16.3 Hunua 2544 3591 3963 1047 372 41.1 10.3 Pokeno 1152 1320 1482 168 162 14.6 12.0 Mangatawhiri 1833 1890 1911 57 21 3.1 1.3 Maramarua 834 828 873 - 6 45 - 0.7 5.4 TOTAL 7203 8457 8922 1254 465 17.4 5.5

There has been a very high rate of growth over the last ten years (24% over ten years), especially between 1991 and 1996 but this has been confined to Pokeno and the Hunua area unit in the Ararimu area. Bombay township and the Mangatawhiri-Maramarua districts have not experienced population growth. It is presumed that the increase in the other areas is the result of lifestyle block development.

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION Area Unit 1996 2001 1996 2001 1996 2001 Total Total Anglican Anglican Christian Christian Bombay 840 828 198 129 462 363 Hunua 2544 3591 687 702 2013 2067 Pokeno 1152 1320 246 243 789 768 Mangatawhiri 1833 1890 360 312 1074 951 Maramarua 834 828 189 180 498 460 TOTAL 7203 8457 1680 1566 4836 4609

Area Unit 1996 2001 1996 2001 1996 2001 % A/T % A/T %X/T %X/T %A/X %A/X Bombay 23.9 18.6 55.8 52.4 42.9 35.5 Hunua 19.1 17.7 56.1 52.2 34.1 34.0 Pokeno 18.6 16.4 59.8 51.8 31.2 31.6 Mangatawhiri 19.0 16.3 56.8 49.8 33.5 32.8 Maramarua 22.8 20.6 60.1 52.7 38.0 39.1 TOTAL 19.9 17.6 57.2 51.7 34.7 34.0 Note: %A/T % of Anglicans to total population %X/T % of Christian population to the total %A/X % of Anglican population to the total Christian population

DENOMINATIONAL COMPOSITION 2001 Area Unit Ang RC Pres Meth Others Total Christian Bombay 129 84 90 21 57 363 Hunua 702 375 477 123 435 702 Pokeno 243 177 186 33 141 768 Mangatawhiri 312 231 237 51 138 951 Maramarua 180 106 110 26 38 460 TOTAL 1566 973 1100 254 809 4609 34.0 21.1 23.9 5.5 17.6 100.0

OTHER RELIGIONS There are very few people of other faiths. At 2001, they totalled 144, representing 1.6% of the total. This is much lower than in Auckland and indeed for the Diocese. NO RELIGION A total of 48.0% declared no religious affiliation at the Census. Within the parish, this ranged from 50.5% (Mangatawhiri) to 43.7% (Bombay and Maramarua). This is a relatively high percentage but is similar to other parishes in the Franklin District, except Pukekohe (42.9%). SOCIO-ECONOMIC The NZDep96 index (measuring deprivation) which is used in a wide variety of contexts, measures communities on a 1 to 10 scale (where 1 represents the least deprived 10% and 10 the most deprived 10%). For purposes of comparison, this table shows the profile for each area in this area.

Hingaia, Bremner 1 Hunua, Patumahoe, Clevedon, Ardmore, Runciman, Drury, Pahurehure 2 Bombay, Beachlands-Maraetai 3 Pokeno, Awhitu 4 Pukekohe West, Bledisloe Park 5 Mangatawhiri, Maramarua 6 Onewhero, Waiuku, Massey Park, NE Papakura 7 Red Hill 8 Pukekohe North, Tuakau, Takanini, Papakura Central, Rosehill 9 Papakura East, Papakura South 10

The index describes the deprivation experienced by groups of people living in private accommodation. It represents a departure from measures of poverty based on absolute or relative lack of income, and from measures of socio-economic status based on hierarchies of occupation. It takes the view that people have material, social, cultural and spiritual needs that are linked to the norms of their society and culture. The nine variables, reflecting eight types of deprivation, are (in decreasing importance to the index):

Deprivation type Description

Communication With no access to a telephone

Income Aged 18-59 receiving a means-tested benefit

Employment Aged 18-59, unemployed

Income Living in households with equivalised income below an income threshold

Transport With no access to a car

Support Aged less than 60, living in single-parent family

Qualifications Aged 8-59, without any qualifications

Owned home Not living in own home

Living space Living in households above equivalised bedroom occupancy threshold INCOME DISTRIBUTION Using the cut-off level of $30,000, the percentage of those receiving incomes above that level are:

Area Unit % $30K+ Bombay 43.7 Hunua 45.4 Pokeno 37.8 Mangatawhiri 37.4 Maramarua 28.1

TOTAL 40.6

This compares with percentages of 31.0 for Pukekohe, 28.5 for Tuakau, 36.5 for Waiuku, 41.1 for Clevedon, 44.5 for Whitford-Beachlands, and 34.7 for Papakura.

AGE DISTRIBUTION Area Unit % % % Under 65 plus 15-64 15 Bombay 21.2 8.7 70.1 Hunua 24.6 6.8 68.6 Pokeno 24.0 8.7 67.3 Mangatawhiri 25.5 9.1 65.4 Maramarua 28.2 7.9 63.9

TOTAL 24.8 7.9 67.4

Comparisons: % % % Under 65 plus 15-64 15 Pukekohe 25.5 12.2 62.3 Papakura 25.4 9.5 65.1 Tuakau 27.7 8.0 64.3 Waiuku 25.5 9.9 64.6 Clevedon 23.7 10.5 65.8

ETHNIC COMPOSITION There are few people of Asian and Pacific Islands descent. The Maori population is comparatively small: Area Unit % Maori Bombay 9.3 Hunua 7.3 Pokeno 10.7 Mangatawhiri 15.5 Maramarua 17.6

TOTAL 10.8

Comparisons: % Maori Pukekohe 20.1 Papakura 22.7 Tuakau 28.8 Waiuku 12.3 Clevedon 13.1