Dissertation Synopsis

DISSERTATION –SYNOPSIS

DR.LAKSHMI RAMESH POSTGRADUATE STUDENT

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS BATCH 2011-2012

A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, KUNTIKANA MANGALORE 2

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore Karnataka ANNEXURE II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR MDS DISSERTATION

1. Name of the candidate DR. LAKSHMI RAMESH

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS

A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

KUNTIKANA

MANGALORE-575 004

2. Name of the Institution A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

KUNTIKANA

MANGALORE -575 004

3. Course of the study and subject MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY

PROSTHODONTICS

4. Date of admission to course 21 APRIL 2011

5. Title of the topic COMPARISON OF BOND STRENGTH OF COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM AND NICKEL CHROMIUM ALLOY WITH THREE DIFFERENT LUTING CEMENTS - AN IN-VITRO STUDY. 3

6. Brief resum e of the intended w ork

6.1 Need for the study

1. Titanium has in the recent years become a material of great opportunities in dentistry. 2. The most common failure in a FPD occurs between the crown and cement. Adequate bonding of titanium and NiCr is crucial. 3. To improve the bond strength between the metal and luting cement, the surface of metals are exposed to various chemical and mechanical modifications 4. Studies have shown improved bond strength with surface treatment and use of metal primers. However there are fewer studies on the comparison of bond strength of titanium and nickel chromium with different luting cements. 5. The purpose of this in-vitro study is to compare various cement bonds with titanium and nickel chromium with sandblasting as surface treatments.

6.2 Review of literature

1. FONSECA et al (2009): evaluated the effect of metal primers on the shear bond strength of resin cements to base metals. They found that metal primers did not promote an increase in adhesive bonding of resin cements to NiCr alloy and CPTi. The shear bond strengths to titanium were significantly higher than those to NiCr alloy. 2. T. YOSHIDA et al (2005): investigated the effect of H2O2 treatment of Ti surface on cement bond strength and characterized H2O2 treated surfaces. Results showed that combined with application of oxide film thickness to enhance the cement bond strength. 3. ABREU et al (2009): examined the effect of surface pre-treatment on the tensile strength of base and noble metals bonded using a conventional resin cement. Results showed that metal primers significantly enhanced tensile bond strength to base and noble metal. No significant tensile strength was found between alloys. Differences in failure site incidence were found to be related to metal type and surface pre treatment. 4. MENANI et al (2008): compared the tensile strength of CPTi and type III cast gold alloy post and cores cemented with zinc phosphate or resin cements. Results showed that CPTi cores cemented with zinc phosphate and resin cements demonstrated similar mean tensile retentive values. Retentive values were also similar to mean values recorded for cast gold-alloy posts and cores cemented with zinc phosphate and resin cements. 4

5. Y. TSUCHIMOTO et al (2006): researched on a method to effectively pre- treat titanium as part of an adhesive luting and /or resin- veneering procedure. Titanium plates were treated with two different solutions of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. It was concluded that 1 N HCl effectively pre-treats Ti in order to make it more receptive to resin, while H3PO4was not preferred.

6.3 Objectives of the study

The purpose of the study is to compare the tensile bond strength of commercially pure titanium and nickel chromium plates cemented with Resin cement(Panavia F), Glass Ionomer Cement(GC Gold Lable) and Zinc Phosphate cement(Harvard cement).

Materials and m ethods 7. 7.1 Source of data

 Wax Separator (Han Dae Chemical Co., Ltd)  Pattern resin (GC Corp)  Commercially Pure Titanium (Grade II)  Nickel chromium metal (Wiron99, Bego, Germany)  Acrylic resin (DPI, India)  Sand blasting unit(BEGO Duostar)  Resin cement (Panavia F)  Glass ionomer cement Type II(GC Gold Lable)  Zinc phosphate cement (Harvard cement)  Thermocycling unit  Universal Testing Machine  Scanning electron microscope  Statistical analysis will be done using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and Students unpaired ‘t’ test.

7.2 Method of collection of data

Test specim en preparation :

A custom made rectangular, stainless steel die has to be fabricated. It will be 10 cms in length, 3 cms in breadth and 1 cm in thickness. This block will have four slots with the dimensions, 10mm × 10mm × 2 mm. A counter die of the same dimensions are made (10 × 3 × 1cm).

Prior to fabrication of each sample, the stainless steel die is coated with wax separator (Han Dae Chemical Co., Ltd) One coat is applied with a paint brush. The 5 separating medium is applied only in the slots. The slots are then filled with pattern resin (GC Corp). The counter die is placed over it and the pattern resin is allowed to set. Once it is set, it is removed and casted using NiCr and CPTi. Each test specimen is trimmed and sand blasted with aluminium oxide (Duostar, Bego) and cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner. Specimens of each metal will be divided into three groups (n=12), which will receive one of the following luting techniques:

Group 1: CPTi with resin cement(Panavia F) Group 2: NiCr with resin cement(Panavia F) Group 3: CPTi with GIC(GC Gold Lable) Group 4: NiCr with GIC(GC Gold Lable) Group 5: CPTi with Zinc phosphate cement(Harvard cement) Group 6: NiCr with Zinc phosphate cement(Harvard cement)

Methodology :

The treated CPTi and NiCr samples (10 mm x10 mm x 2 mm) will be mounted on an acrylic block. A Teflon block (25 mm diameter and 7 mm high) with a central cylindrical throughhole (6 mm diameter and 4 mm high) is to be mounted on the metal surface. Different luting cements are to be poured into the center hole up to about 4 mm height. Group 1 and 2 with Panavia F (resin cement), Group 3 and 4 with GC Gold Lable(Glass Ionomer type II cement) and Group 5 and 6 with Harvard cement (Zinc Phosphate cement). Forty minutes after preparation, the Teflon block will be removed. All specimens will be stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and then thermal cycled (1000 cycles, 5-55°C). After thermal cycling, the specimens are to be stored in 37°C distilled water for an additional 24 hours. The bonded specimens will be submitted for the bond strength tests conducted with a Universal Testing Machine with a shear mode under a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Specimens will be examined under electron microscope. Values obtained will be analyzed using a one way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and Students unpaired ‘t’ test. 6

Investigation design

72 samples

Group1 (12 samples) Group 2 (12 samples)

CPTi with resin cement NiCr with resin cement

Group 3 (12 samples) Group 4 (12 samples)

CPTi with GIC NiCr with GIC

Group 5(12 samples) Group 6 (12 samples) CPTi with Zinc NiCr with zinc phosphate cement phosphate cement

Stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hrs, thermal cycled (1000 cycles, 5-55°C) and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hrs.

Bond strength test using Universal Testing Machine

Examined under electron microscope

Statistical analysis using one way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and Students unpaired ‘t’ test. 7 7.1 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be m ade on patients or other hum ans or anim als? If yes, please describe brief ly 8 NO 7.2 Has ethical clearance been obtained f rom y our institution, if y es for 7.3

Not applicable

8. List of ref erences

1. Renata Garcia Fonseca , Juliana Gomes dos, Santos Paes de Almeida, Isabella Gagliardi Haneda and Gelson Luis Adabo. Effect of metal primers on bond strength of resin cements to base metals. J Prosthet Dent 2009;101: 262-268. 2. Takamitsu Yoshida, Nobuyoshi Terashima, Toru Niiro, Sakae Nagasawa, Michio Ito, Hiroshi Yagasaki, Yoshiki Oshida, Parul Agarwal. Bond strength of resin cements to H2O2-treated titanium plates. Denta Mater. 2005; 21: 1087–1097 3. Amara Abreu, Maria A. Loza, DMD, Augusto Elias, Siuli Mukhopadhyay, Stephen Looney and Frederick A. Rueggeberg. Tensile bond strength of an adhesive resin cement to different alloys having various surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent 2009;101:107-118 4. Luiz Ricardo Menani, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro and Rossana Pereira de Almeida Antunes. Tensile bond strength of cast commercially pure titanium and cast gold-alloy posts and cores cemented with two luting agents. J Prosthet Dent 2008;99: 141-147. 5. Youhei Tsuchimoto, Yasuhiro Yoshidab, Maho Takeuchi,Atsushi Mine, Hirofumi Yatani, Yoh-ichi Tagawa, Bart Van Meerbeek, Kazuomi Suzuki, Takuo Kuboki. Effect of surface pre-treatment on durability of resin- based cements bonded to titanium. Denta Mater J 2006; 22: 545–55.

9. Signature of the candidate

10. Rem arks of the guide

11. 11.1 Nam e and designation DR. RESHMA KARKERA of Guide PROFESSOR A.J.INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

11.2 Signature of the guide