EOC WORKSHOP: The U.S. Constitution
Table of Contents: Vocabulary Philadelphia Convention Compromises 7 Articles of the Constitution 27 Amendments EOC Practice Answers on back to check your work Vocabulary: Flashcard Practice
WORD: DEFINITION: Great Compromise – Deal made between BIG states and Small states by Roger Sherman: it allowed a Bi-Cameral legislature: The House would be based on a state’s population, the Senate would be equal rep. 3/5 Compromise – Deal made between Northern and Southern States that allowed 3/5 of a state’s slaves to counted towards their population in the House of Representatives. Federalist – Group at the Convention who argued for a much stronger national government. Anti-Federalist– Group at the Convention who feared a strong national govt. and argued for stronger state and local governments Preamble – The beginning of the Constitution that states the purpose and goals of the Constitution: “We the people…” Bill of Rights – The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution, ratified shortly after the Convention, that protects citizens from the Govt. Expressed Powers – Powers given ONLY to the National (Federal) Government
Reserved Powers – Powers given ONLY to State governments
Concurrent Powers – Powers given to BOTH State and National Government
Amendment – A change or addition to the Constitution
Self-incrimination To testify against yourself in court
Philadelphia Convention: 1787 A meeting was called by the States to revise the Articles of Confederation, because: a. Rebellions were breaking out- Shays Rebellion Which of the problems on the left was the b. Passing laws was difficult- (2/3 rule) most difficult to overcome? Why? c. Too Hard to Tax-= no govt. funding d. No National Unity (no president) e. Too hard to Amend- (had to be unanimous)
1. Secret meeting - 55 men from 12 states (Rhode Island doesn’t show up) Why would Rhode Island not show up? 2. General George Washington presides
VIRGINIA PLAN: A BIG population STATE 3 branches govt. Legislature = 2 houses by population. 3) Larger states = more power What do the two plans have in common? NEW JERSEY PLAN: A small population State. 3 branches govt. How are they different? 1 legislature; 1 state=1 vote Small states have equal power
GREAT COMPROMISE: Roger Sherman How many Senators does each state have today? 1) Senate = Each state equally represented 2) House of Reps. based on population How many members are in the House?
Other Compromises Which region in the U.S. had the most slaves? 3/5 COMPROMISE: Counted 3/5 of slaves towards a State’s Population when a census was taken; ALSO Why? the Fed Govt. was to make “international slave trade” illegal in the U.S. within 20 years.
Electoral College: Voting for the President was not to be done through a Why do some people think that the Electoral popular vote, but state-by-state, each state having a College is unfair? value based on their population. It is mostly a winner- take-all system in each state.
BILL OF RIGHTS: Why was the Bill of Rights needed? Anti-Federalist were scared that a powerful central government would become too authoritarian, but Federalist knew that a strong central govt. was needed to fix many of the nation’s problems. They agreed to add a Bill of Rights that would guarantee certain protections from the National (Federal) Govt .
7 Articles of the U.S. Constitution: Flashcard Practice Preamble states the purpose of the Constitution of the United States of America 1- Legislative Branch sets up the federal lawmaking body, establishes its functions, powers, and limitations 2- Executive Branch establishes and defines the executive branch, its powers, and the process for impeachment 3- Judicial Branch sets up the court system of the United States with the Supreme Court being the final say 4- States: establishes the rights of the various states and the rights of their citizens 5- Amendments: establishes a way to change the Constitution when absolutely necessary 6- Supremacy of National (Federal) Govt.: says that the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land 7- Ratification: provides a method for approving the Constitution
POWERS of the GOVERNMENT. Write E (expressed), R (reserved), or C (concurrent) fore each below EXPRESSED Powers: given ONLY to the 1.___“I have to pay taxes on every paycheck!” National (Federal) Govt. Ex. Declare War, Make treaties, print money 2. ___“The Kansas City Public School system is not meeting the needs of the community.” RESERVED Powers: given ONLY to State 3.___“I don’t think Canada or Mexico will Govts. Ex. Marriage Laws, Public Schools, Death attack us. We made a treaty with them.” Penalty 4.___“Sweetheart, let’s be like everybody else and get married in June.” CONCURRENT Powers: given to BOTH the National AND State Govts. 5.____“I am registered for the draft, so if we Ex. Taxes, make & enforce laws, go to war, I might be called upon. 6.____“Yesterday I was arrested.” 27 AMENDMENTS MIX-UP: Write the Correct number for each amendment below, and then write down your memory device for it. THEY ARE NOT IN THE CORRECT ORDER
Rights to a Speedy and Fair public Guaranteed citizenship rights for Allowed Women 21 and over the trial by a jury of your peers. anyone born or naturalized in the right to vote (suffrage) U.S.
Prohibited the production or Due Process Rights in a trial Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, consumption of alcohol. Forbids Double Jeopardy Petition, Assembly Right against Self-incrimination Govt. can declare Eminent Domain of your property
Rights to a civil trial for money or Abolished Slavery and forced labor, Lame-Duck period of the President property damages except as the punishment for a is reduced crime
States are given reserved powers Allowed voting rights (suffrage) to The President gets to choose who not specifically given to the African American Men 21 and over. his Vice President on the election National (Federal) Govt. ballot.
Rights against Cruel and Unusual Allows citizens of Washington D.C. Lawsuits against a state govt. must punishment to vote for the President take place in that state’s court.
Limits how members of Congress Allowed citizens to directly elect Changed the voting age to 18 years can vote themselves pay raises in their Senators old. the same term.
Forbids forced quartering troops in Non-enumerated rights are Repealed the Prohibition of Alcohol a time of peace guaranteed to the people if they are not listed
Limits the President to Two Terms For a well-regulated militia, the Bans the use of Poll taxes in Right to Keep and Bear Arms shall elections not be taken away
Determines the order of succession Forbids Search and Seizure of Allows the National (Federal) Govt. to take over the Presidency if Property without warrant or to directly tax your income he/she is incapacitated. probable cause EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1)This chart shows how Congressional representation works today. It is the result of arguments made in the Constitutional Convention of 1787, between states that had large and small _____.
A. military contributions B. land areas C. money contributions D. populations
2) Which statement best explains why the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution are considered milestones? A. They gave more powers to the president. B. They granted rights to freed slaves. C. They created the Freedmen's Bureau. D. They brought the Civil War to an end.
3) The Articles of Confederation represented the A. rejection of weaknesses in the Bill of Rights B. first attempt at self-government in the United States C. acceptance of British rule in the colonies D. early effort to improve United States ties to other nations
4) What happens when a state law conflicts with a federal law? A. The federal government can penalize the state. B. The federal government must change its law. C. The state government can enforce its own law. D. The state must yield (give way) to the federal government.
5) Which of these best describes the change in government reflected in the Chart above? A. reducing duties of the executive branch B. reducing duties of the legislative branch C. expanding political power of state governments D. expanding political power of the national government
6) Which view of presidential power led to the Twenty-Second Amendment? A. The office of the president had too much power in the nineteenth century. B. Original checks and balances in the Constitution sufficiently limit the President’s power. C. Congress should have more power to check the president’s power. D. Term limits are needed to keep any one president from growing too powerful. Packet Answers: Powers of Govt.: 1. Concurrent 2. Reserved 3. Expressed 4. Reserved 5. Expressed 6. Concurrent
Amendments:
1 14 19 18 5 1 7 13 20 10 15 12 8 23 11 27 17 26 3 9 21 22 2 24 25 4 16
EOC Practice Questions:
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. D