The Muscular System

Name______AP-____Date assigned______

Appendicular skeleton, joints and fractures Muscles, Nerves, Endocrine, circulatory Respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive You may use pictures, charts, diagrams to illustrate vocabulary terms and structures

Appendicular skeleton, joints and fractures -Identify the major bones of the appendicular skeleton - Describe the role of joints (articulations) in the skeleton, by classifying joints structurally and functionally. -Identify and demonstrate type and range of movements at synovial joints. - Describe the types of fractures

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM - List the general characteristics and functions of skeletal muscle tissue. - Describe the structure of a muscle - Briefly describe muscle contraction - Differentiate between isotonic and isometric contractions - Define the following terms: origin, insertion, synergist, antagonist, and prime mover - Define the different bases employed in naming skeletal muscles Identify the principal skeletal muscle in different regions of the body by name, action, and innervations. Terms to Know Action Origin tendon Antagonist Oxygen debt tone Aponeurosis Prime mover insertion Contraction Synergist sliding filament Epimysium Sarcomere

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM -Create a flow chart showing the division of the nervous system. -What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system? -Differentiate between afferent and efferent. Which is sensory? Motor? -Name and describe the structures of a neuron. -Describe the polarity of the plasma membrane at rest. During an action potential? -Explain the process of synaptic transmission. -Describe a reflex arc -What are the functions of the spinal cord? - Describe the generalized functions of the system as a whole - Identify and discuss the coverings and fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord. Selected Key Terms Acetylcholine Nerve white matter Action potential Nerve impulse effector Afferent Nucleus gray matter Autonomic nervous system Neuron synapse Axon Neurotransmitter stimulus Dendrite efferent

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Compare the effects of the nervous system and the endocrine system in controlling the body - Identify the glands of the endocrine system on a diagram - List the hormones produced by each endocrine gland and describe the effects of each on the body - Explain why the anterior pituitary is called the master gland - Explain how the endocrine system responds to stress Selected key terms Endocrine hormone hypothalamus Pituitary receptor target tissue

Gland Hormone Effect Disease/disorder pituitary thymus thyroid adrenals ovaries testes pancreas pineal CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - Describe the primary functions of blood. - List the formed elements of blood and identify the most important function of each. - Describe the three layers of the heart. - Name the four chambers of the heart. - Name the valves at the entrance and exit of each ventricle. - Name the components of the heart’s conduction system. - Explain what produces the two heart sounds. - Differentiate among the three main types of vessels in the body with regard to structure and function. - Compare the locations and functions of the pulmonary and systemic circuits. - Explain how blood pressure is commonly measured. Selected Key Terms Diastole Systole aorta vein Aorta Endocardium Leukocyte Valve Artery Epicardium Myocardium Vena cava Atrium Erythrocyte Pericardium Ventricle Capillary Plasma Venule

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Describe the purpose of the respiratory system - Differentiate between external and internal respiration - Name all of the structures of the respiratory system - Explain how food and foreign materials are kept out of the respiratory tract - Describe how respiration is regulated Selected Key Terms Alveolus Pleura trachea Bronchiole Respiration Bronchus Larynx Surfactant Diaphragm Epiglottis Pharynx

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Name the two main functions of the digestive system - Name and describe the organs of the digestive tract - Name and describe the accessory organs of digestion - List the functions of each organ involved in digestion - Explain the role of enzymes in digestion and give examples of enzymes - Define absorption - Define villi and state how villi function in absorption - Describe how bile functions in digestion - List the main functions of the liver

Selected Key Terms Absorption Peritoneum Enzyme Hydrolysis Digestion Accessory organ Colon Saliva Bile Mastication Esophagus Defecation Sphincter Peristalsis Emulsify Lacteal Villi

THE URINARY SYSTEM - Discuss the structure & functions of the kidney - Explain Accessory excretory structures of the urinary system - Explain what comprises urine Selected key terms Cortex glomerulus Filtrate ureter Medulla urethra Nephron bladder Renal pelvis Urine

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - Discuss the male and female reproductive system - Explain the formation of sex cells Selected key terms: Ovulation Penis Gametogenesis Sperm Mammary gland Testis Menstruation Uterine tube/ fallopian tube Uterus Ovary Vagina