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BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 1 of 68

HAZMAT MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...... 4 Responsible Parties...... 5 Coordination with External Agencies...... 5 Activation...... 5 Scene Management/Lines of Authority...... 6 HAZMAT OPERATIONS...... 7 Critical Stage...... 7 Response...... 7 Incident Site Safety Plan...... 8 Containment Stage...... 8 PRE-EMERGENCY PLANNING...... 9 Oklahoma County LEPC and the OHMERC...... 9 TRAINING...... 10 Four Recognized Training Levels...... 10 First Responder Awareness Level...... 10 First Responder Operations Level...... 10 Hazardous Materials Technician...... 11 On-Scene Incident Commander...... 11 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES...... 12 General...... 12 Establishing Zones...... 12 The Role of Dispatch...... 13 The Role of Responders...... 13 The Role of Hazmat Team & Hazmat Technicians...... 14 Staffing Procedures...... 14 Hazmat Resource Pool...... 14 Alarm Assignments...... 14 RESPONSE LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS...... 15 Level I...... 15 Level II...... 16 Level III...... 17 ON-SITE PROCEDURES...... 18 Hazardous Material Units...... 18 Medical Surveillance...... 18 Pre-Entry Medical Evaluation...... 18 Post-Entry Medical Procedures...... 19 ENTRY PROCEDURES...... 20 Initial...... 20 Pre-Entry...... 20 Entry for Recon with Back-Up on Stand-By...... 21 Known hazards and risks...... 21 Key personnel and alternatives...... 21 Level of Protection...... 21 Work areas...... 21 Scene security procedures...... 21 Decontamination Procedures...... 21 INCIDENT COMMANDER...... 22 Command Post...... 22 Staging...... 22 Site Handling...... 22 Critique...... 23 INCIDENT COMMAND STAFF...... 24 Incident Safety Officer...... 24 Liaison Officer...... 24 Public Information Officer (PIO)...... 24 Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 2 of 68 OPERATIONS SECTION...... 25 Hazmat Task Force Responsibilities...... 25 Needs of the Incident Commander...... 25 ICS Training For Deputy/Battalion Chiefs and Ride Outs...... 25 Operations Section Chief...... 26 HAZMAT TEAM - RESPONSE LEVELS...... 27 Level II and III Response...... 27 Overview...... 27 Service Base...... 27 Resource Unit...... 27 Basic Task Force Staffing...... 27 Level II Task Force Staffing...... 27 Branch Staffing...... 27 Level II Incidents...... 28 Level II Non-Bulk Packaging Responses...... 28 Level II Bulk Packaging Responses...... 28 Level III Incidents...... 29 Level III Non-Bulk Packaging Responses...... 29 Level III Bulk Packaging Responses...... 29 Additional Responses...... 30 HAZMAT TEAM - INTERVENTION GROUP...... 31 Entry Teams...... 31 Initial Entry...... 31 Monitoring...... 31 Medical Surveillance...... 31 HAZMAT TEAM - DECONTAMINATION...... 32 Procedures...... 32 HAZMAT TEAM - SITE CONTROL...... 33 Securing the Scene...... 33 Setting Zones...... 33 Evacuation...... 33 Isolating Personnel...... 33 Isolating the Hazard...... 33 HAZMAT TEAM - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARD...... 34 Occupancy and Location...... 34 Container Shapes...... 34 Markings and Colors...... 34 Placards and Labels...... 34 Chemical Data Sheets...... 34 Facility Personnel...... 34 Hazard Classifications...... 35 Class 1 - Explosives...... 35 Class 2 - Gases (Flammable, Nonflammable, & Poison)...... 35 Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids...... 35 Class 4 - Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible & Dangerous When Wet...... 36 Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides...... 36 Class 6 - Poisons and Infectious Substances...... 36 Class 7 - Radioactives...... 36 Class 8 - Corrosives...... 37 Class 9 – Miscellaneous Materials...... 37 Limited Availability of Information...... 37 HAZMAT TEAM - RISK ASSESSMENT...... 38 Evaluating The Risk For Rescue...... 38 Initial rescue...... 38 Complicated rescue...... 38 Area of Refuge...... 38 Rescue of Contaminated Personnel...... 38 Contaminated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)...... 38 Contaminated Personal Equipment or Clothing Procedures...... 38 Potential Exposure Report...... 38

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 3 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - HAZMAT POSITIONS...... 39 Special Operations Officer...... 39 Hazmat Director/Supervisor...... 39 Tactical Objectives...... 39 Hazmat Safety Officer...... 40 Science Group...... 41 Information Gathering...... 41 Science Officer...... 41 Weather Officer...... 41 Hazmat Dressing Officer...... 41 Hazmat Resource Officer...... 41 Decontamination Group/Team...... 42 Entry/Exit Monitor...... 42 Hazmat Science Group...... 42 Science Officer...... 42 Weather Officer...... 42 Hazmat Resource Officer...... 43 Intervention Group...... 43 Dressing Officer...... 43 Entry Team...... 43 Backup Team...... 43 Hazmat Medical Group/Team...... 44 Hazmat Rehabilitation Officer...... 44 Emergency Medical Services (EMS)...... 44 HAZMAT TEAM - EVACUATION PROCEDURES...... 46 Evacuation Area...... 46 Shelter in place...... 46 Zones...... 46 Hot Zone...... 46 Exclusion Zone...... 46 Warm Zone...... 46 Cold Zone...... 47 IC Area...... 47 Site Control Zones...... 47 HAZMAT TEAM - DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES...... 48 Responsibilities...... 48 Techniques...... 48 Decontamination Checklist...... 48 Step 1- Establish an Entry Point...... 48 Step 2- Primary Decontamination...... 48 Step 3- SCBA Removal...... 48 Step 4- Removal and Isolation of Protective Clothing...... 49 Step 5- Removal of Personal Clothing...... 49 Step 6- Decontaminating the Body...... 49 Step 7- Drying Off and Providing Clean Clothing...... 49 Step 8- Medical Evaluation...... 49 Step 9- Transportation...... 49 HAZMAT TEAM - TERMINATING THE INCIDENT...... 50 Post Emergency Response Operations...... 50 Debriefing of Personnel...... 50 Formal Incident Critique Session...... 51 Inventory...... 51 HAZMAT TEAM - APPENDIX...... 52 Definitions...... 52

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INTRODUCTION Incidents involving the release of hazardous materials have increased considerably in recent years. These incidents differ from other emergency situations because of the wide diversity of causative factors and the pervasiveness of the potential threat.

As the role of the fire service is one of life and property protection, the fire service will be involved in incidents involving hazmat. With hazmat incidents, the order of our priorities is Life, Property, and the Environment. When these accidents occur, it is important to be the solution and not become part of the problem.

Certain elements are necessary to achieve the objective of correcting the situation.

Some of these critical aspects are:  Pre-emergency Planning  Training  Equipment and Supplies  Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

The purpose of this guide is to establish an emergency response plan and standard operating procedures that define the responsibilities of emergency response personnel when responding to hazmat incidents for the Oklahoma City Fire Department. Standard Operating Procedures are mandated by federal regulations, which are treated as law.

The relevant regulations are:

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response CFR Final Rule 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire Brigades 29 CFR 1910.146 Confined Space 40 CFR 311 (which coincides with 29 CFR 1910.120) HAZWOPER

NFPA Standards 471, 472, and 473 provide guidance for compliance to the codes of federal regulations.

The many advantages of developing Standard Operating Procedures are:  Improves coordination  Facilitates training  Promotes adequate protection of personnel  Provides consistency  Serves as reference guide  Reduces time in problem-solving on the scene  Complies with federal regulations  Delivers a Standard of Care

Proper utilization of Standard Operating Procedures and common sense can help prevent a hazmat incident from becoming a hazmat emergency.

For the purpose of these procedures, Hazardous Material in broad terms means a substance or combination of substances which, because of quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, may either cause or contribute to an increase in mortality, or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating illness, or pose a present or potential hazard to human life or the environment. The term hazardous material is also used interchangeably with the word hazmat and is used throughout these procedures.

A Hazardous Material Spill or Incident is an occurrence where a hazardous material is dispersed into the environment, or its container is damaged to such an extent that the contents can be expected to be released, with the potential to cause injury to people or harm to the environment.

For the purpose of these procedures, shall means mandatory by a regulation.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 5 of 68 INTRODUCTION - continued It is important to remember that on a hazmat incident, by regulations, the Oklahoma City Fire Department is responding to a Hazardous Waste Site, even though we are responding as an Emergency Response. Therefore, the regulations apply to the Oklahoma City Fire Department.

Responsible Parties The Oklahoma City Fire Department is responsible for incidents involving hazmat during both the critical (stabilizing) and containment stages. According to regulations, the Oklahoma City Fire Department Operations Level First Responders and Hazmat Response Team shall provide:  Technical expertise  Assistance  Equipment at the incident to perform duties as directed by the Incident Commander (IC). The shipper, spiller, and/or owner are responsible for the recovery and clean-up stage of the incident.

Coordination with External Agencies A plan shall be formulated which contains a formal requirement for annual review of plans for attending to victims of hazardous materials incidents at local hospitals. Where such victims are to be taken shall be predetermined, so as to avoid rendering Emergency facilities out of commission due to contamination. Safe paths, procedures and work areas shall be determined before the occurrence of an emergency incident. Under no circumstances will clean-up be performed by Oklahoma City Fire Department personnel. Stabilized hazmat emergency scenes shall be turned over to the responsible party (incident generator), ODEQ and or Oklahoma City Risk Management. Oklahoma City Fire Department shall enter into ongoing formal discussions with the Oklahoma City Police Department regarding standard procedures and lines of authority. Whenever the Military is involved in a hazardous materials incident it shall be the role of Oklahoma City Fire Department to perform defensive operations until the military can be brought to the scene to perform emergency mitigation and clean-up.

Contact points for the military shall be:  Army  National Guard  Navy  Coast Guard  Air Force

The Oklahoma City Fire Department Hazmat Unit shall respond to requests for help from the United States Military provided that the team is trained and equipped to deal with the emergency in question and is not involved in another emergency at the time. Oklahoma City Emergency Management shall assume a logistics role in the Incident Command System. This shall be worked out between the Mayor, Emergency Management and the Fire Department prior to emergency response. Any attempt at entry into a hazardous materials emergency scene by Emergency Management personnel shall be denied unless the personnel are adequately trained and outfitted.

Activation Official emergency response to a hazardous material incident is activated upon receipt of notification by the Oklahoma City Fire Department of any oil, fuel, chemical, nuclear or other hazardous material spill or release as well as any potential spill or release that occurs within the limits of, or adjacent to, the City of Oklahoma City. These releases will fall into one of three response levels, which are covered in detail later. Mutual aid response will be made in accordance with existing agreements with neighboring communities and only upon authorization of the Chief of the Department.

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INTRODUCTION - continued Scene Management/Lines of Authority Scene management includes coordinating a multi-agency response and implementing the proper actions, and ensuring that appropriate resources are brought to bear in a timely manner. Scene management does not imply internal direction or manipulation of specialized functions of emergency service providers, except as necessary to resolve conflicts between two or more responders. The Incident Commander has responsibility of the incident. All agencies without exception when responding to a hazmat incident will report to the Incident Command Post and check in. All agencies will fall under the responsibility of the Incident Safety Officer. Agency representatives will insure all of their employees are wearing proper protective clothing for the hazard. This includes but is not limited to:  EMSA  Oklahoma City Police Department  Oklahoma State Highway Patrol  Oklahoma State Health Department  Oklahoma City Emergency Management  Oklahoma City/County Health Department  Oklahoma City Engineers  Oklahoma City Employees  Oklahoma Gas & Electric (OG&E)  Oklahoma Natural Gas (ONG)  Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ)

All agencies will report to the Incident Command Post from an up hill, up wind, up stream, facing out position and will use the established access corridor. Confined space entries shall be monitored to insure proper ventilation. Confined space entries once determined to meet IDLH criteria shall be handled according to the regulations. Upon arrival at a hazmat incident, the Incident Commander shall appoint a Safety Officer. The Incident Safety Officer shall confer with the Hazmat Safety Officer to coordinate the recognition of hazards and risks and identify them to the Incident Commander. The Incident Commander is the Scene Manager for ALL people, Responders and Owners alike. The Oklahoma City Fire Department is responsible for the scene management of hazmat incidents within the limits of the City of Oklahoma City. Even the freeways will be managed by the Fire Department.  The Oklahoma Highway Patrol (OHP) will assist in all interstate incidents.  The OHP will send a representative to the Command Post to be briefed; they will be briefed on all hazards and the risks of being on the site.  The OHP will control the site before (before responders arrive at the scene) and during the emergency (insure the site perimeters are effective), because of this involvement, the OHP will be apprised of all site changes, through their representative.  It is the responsibility of the OHP for routing and or detours.

In the event a product is considered by the Oklahoma City Fire Department not to be a hazard, or the hazard has been stabilized, and the only hazard is a traffic problem, the highway will be turned over to the OHP and it will be up to them to clear the site for traffic.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 7 of 68 HAZMAT OPERATIONS Critical Stage The first few minutes after arrival of first responders to an incident involving hazmat are deemed the “critical stage”. A First Responder trained to the Operations Level is defined as: “The first-arriving organized responder to arrive at the site of a hazardous materials incident with governmental authority to assess and initiate scene control, and the establishment of the ICS.” This stage poses the most severe danger to first responders who are unprotected and approach the scene to identify the materials involved. Necessary steps to insure adequate protection for personnel include:  Establishment of a “safe” perimeter using the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG)  Following protocol when entering the incident site  Using proper protective clothing Identification and stabilization of an incident are primary goals of the Hazmat Team. Their actions at the point of release will affect and/or predict the severity of the incident more than any other group. Containing or confining the material to as small an area as possible can facilitate stabilization of the incident. This is for the “protection of near by persons from the effects of the release”. Response Under no circumstances is any employee of the Oklahoma City Fire Department to attempt to perform duties for which documented evidence of appropriate training is not available. The minimum for front-line personnel being Operations Level First Responders, and the minimum for Incident Commanders being Operations Level First Responders, plus Incident Command System Training and 24 hours of annual refreshing, as described under TRAINING in these procedures. Command at hazmat incidents is to be performed by properly trained personnel. These individuals shall be trained in accordance with the requirements outlined in 29 CFR 1910.120, NFPA 471 and 472. If a trained Incident Commander is not available, then initial Incident Command shall fall to those individuals trained most adequately to perform as Incident Commanders. This individual shall perform defensive type operations until relieved by an appropriately trained Incident Commander. The Incident Commander shall consciously limit the number of personnel involved in entry operations to as few as can safely do the job. At any incident, the Incident Command System shall be utilized. At incidents of Level II or Level III, the Incident Commander or designee shall appoint an on-site safety officer, trained and qualified to perform hazmat operations at the Technician Level, who shall have the power to stop or modify unsafe operations. Before other than defensive operations are begun, an Incident Site Safety Plan shall be completed by the Hazmat Director on scene. This Incident Site Safety Plan should be delivered to the Incident Commander within 30 minutes of the Hazmat Unit’s arrival on scene. The Incident Commander shall appoint personnel whose job will be to document the entire incident.

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HAZMAT OPERATIONS - continued Incident Site Safety Plan The purpose of the Incident Site Safety Plan is to establish requirements for protecting the health and safety of responders during all activities conducted at an emergency. It contains safety information, instructions and procedures. An Incident Site Safety Plan will be prepared and reviewed by the Hazmat Director or designee for each hazmat response. This form will be sent to the Command Post within 30 minutes of arrival of Hazmat Unit. Before operations at an incident commence, safety requirements will be written, conspicuously posted or distributed to all personnel, and discussed with them. The Incident Site Safety Plan will be periodically reviewed to keep it current and technically correct. The plan will contain safety requirements for standard (but hazardous) response activities and also for unexpected scene emergencies. The major distinction between standard and unexpected incident safety planning is the ability to predict, monitor, and evaluate routine activities. An emergency scene is unpredictable and the unexpected may occur at anytime. The responding on-scene incident commander will start the Incident Site Safety Plan as soon as possible after a hazmat incident is recognized. This initial draft shall then be passed on to the officer assuming Incident Command. At a minimum the site safety plan will include but not be limited to:  Atmospheric monitoring requirements A program to monitor scene hazards will be implemented. This will include air monitoring and sampling, and other kinds of media sampling at or around the scene that would indicate the presence of chemicals.  Specify any special training required Personnel must be trained not only in general safety procedures and use of safety equipment, but in any specialized work they may be expected to do.  Procedures for weather related problems Weather conditions will affect the working scene. Temperature extremes, high winds, storms, etc. have impact on personnel safety. Work practices will be established to protect personnel from the effects of weather and shelters will be provided when necessary.

The Incident Site Safety Plan will be written to avoid the misinterpretation, ambiguity and mistakes that can result from verbal orders. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the Incident Commander. Once the plan is implemented, it will be periodically examined and modified, if necessary, it will reflect any changes in information, scene and conditions. All agencies that have an active role at the incident will be familiar with the plan. The plan will be written, if possible, in coordination with the organizations involved. Lead personnel from these organizations will sign the plan to signify that they agree with it and will follow its provisions. All personnel involved at the scene must be familiar with the plan, or the parts that pertain to their specific activities.

Containment Stage Once an incident involving hazmat has been stabilized, efforts must then be directed toward terminating the discharge or release of hazmat. On many occasions, stabilization of the incident is most readily achieved by terminating the discharge.

Termination of discharge includes:  Uprighting an overturned/spilling bulk container (Other agencies may perform this operation)  Plugging a leak  Closing a valve  Pumping the contents of a leaking container into another container (off-loading) (Other agencies may perform this operation)  Placing a leaking container into an over-pack container.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 9 of 68 Although some of these actions will most assuredly be performed by other agencies, it will be necessary to insure that these actions are accomplished with the safety of responders and the public in mind.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 10 of 68 PRE-EMERGENCY PLANNING The Hazmat Unit and the Special Operations Office shall do hazardous materials response planning jointly. Information sources for planning shall include, but not be limited to:  Tier I and Tier II forms. These forms are annually turned in by holders of hazardous materials and forwarded to Station 5.  Information acquired through the pre-fire planning process  The Oklahoma County Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)  The Oklahoma Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Committee (OHMERC)

Site specific plans shall be prepared for any facility holding Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) and shall contain:  Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside agencies;  Personnel roles, lines of authority, training and communication;  Emergency recognition and prevention;  Safe distances and places of refuge;  Site Security and control;  Evacuation routes and procedures;  Decontamination procedures;  Emergency medical treatment and first aid;  Emergency alerting and response procedures;  Critique of response and follow-up;  PPE and Emergency equipment;  Access and Egress routes;  Contacts;  Facility layout, emergency plan, response personnel appraisal, and available equipment.

Oklahoma County LEPC and the OHMERC Information sharing shall occur between the Oklahoma City Fire Department the OHMERC and the Oklahoma County LEPC.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 11 of 68 TRAINING Training shall be based on the duties and functions to be performed by each responder of the Oklahoma City Fire Department. The training will conform to: 29 CFR 1910.120 q, 3, 4, 6, I and NFPA 472.

Four Recognized Training Levels Oklahoma City Fire Department shall deliver First Responder Awareness and Operations level training to personnel within 90 days of employment and prior to deployment in any active emergency response operations.

First Responder Awareness Level First Responder Awareness Level are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying proper authorities of the release. They will take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release.

First responders at the awareness level shall have sufficient training, 8 hours, or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:  An understanding of what hazardous materials are, and the risks associated with them in an incident;  An understanding of the potential outcomes associated with and emergency created when hazardous materials are present;  The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an emergency;  The ability to identify hazardous materials, if possible;  An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in the employers emergency response plan including site security and control and the U.S. Department of Transportation's Emergency Response guidebook; and  The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communication center.

First Responder Operations Level First Responder Operations Level are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property or the environment from the effects of the hazardous substance release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. All personnel involved in front-line response to emergencies of any kind are to be trained to the First Responder Operations level. Oklahoma City Fire Department First responders at the operational level shall have received at least forty (40) hours of training, and shall be able to objectively demonstrate competence. Oklahoma City Fire Department shall certify each employee as competent, annually; all levels shall be inclusive of the skill in the levels below them. Operations levels skills will include:  Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment techniques;  Know how to select and use proper personal protective equipment provided to the first responders operational level;  An understanding of the basic hazmat terms;  Know how to perform basic control, containment and confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available within their unit;  Know how to implement basic decontamination procedures;  An understanding of the relevant standard operating procedures and termination procedures.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 12 of 68 TRAINING - continued Hazardous Materials Technician Hazmat Technicians are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at the Operations Level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug, patch, or otherwise stop the release of hazardous substance.

Hazmat Technicians shall have at least 40 hours of training equal to the First Responder Operations Level and shall be provided training by the Oklahoma City Fire Department in the following areas:  Know how to implement the employers emergency response plan;  Know the classification, identification and verification of known and unknown materials by using field survey instruments and equipment;  Be able to function within an assigned role in the Incident Command System;  Know how to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the Hazmat Technician;  Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques;  Be able to perform advanced control, containment and confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available to the unit;  Understand and implement decontamination procedures;  Understand termination procedures;  Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior.

This training will be provided in an 80 hour Hazmat Technician course meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120, as well as NFPA 471 and 472. Each employee will have to achieve a passing grade for this course. In addition to this Hazmat Technician certification, in order to be a Hazmat Technician for the Oklahoma City Fire Department, the employee will also have to have a certification for Chemistry of Hazardous Materials (NFA) or a passing grade for a college chemistry course or equivalent. Hazmat Team personnel shall be encouraged to seek out and engage in training and education with agencies and resources outside Oklahoma City Fire Department.

On-Scene Incident Commander Incident Commanders, will assume control of the incident scene beyond the First Responder Awareness Level.

Incident Commanders shall receive at least 40 hours of training equal to the First Responder Operations Level and shall be provided training by the Oklahoma City Fire Department in the following areas:  Know and be able to implement Oklahoma City Fire Department's Incident Command System;  Know how to implement Oklahoma City Fire Department's emergency response plan;  Know and understand the hazards and risks associated with employees working in chemical protective clothing;  Know how to implement the local emergency response plan;  Know of the state emergency response plan;  Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedures.

The skill and knowledge levels required for all responders hired after March 6, 1989, shall be conveyed to them through training before they are permitted to take part in actual emergency operation on a hazmat incident.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 13 of 68 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES General All suppression personnel are to be aware of the possibility that any incident may involve hazardous materials. No aggressive mitigation of hazardous materials incidents is to be attempted by responding suppression personnel alone. All response is to be in the defensive mode.

Suppression personnel shall safely begin operations at hazardous materials scenes by:  Attempting to safely identify the substances involved.  Identifying other relevant hazards (high winds, downhill slopes etc.) and taking them into consideration when placing vehicles and equipment.  Gaining control of access to the physical scene and denying access to the individuals other than those approved for entry by the Fire Department.  Staying back at a safe distance from the hazard.  Dealing with patients coming out of the scene. Care should be taken to minimize exposure to Oklahoma City Fire Department personnel if contaminated persons are seeking egress from a hazardous materials scene. For this reason, such persons should be quarantined from both as many Oklahoma City Fire Department personnel as possible, as well as any other members of the General Public or other emergency responders. These persons will be directed to the Area of Refuge.  SCBA shall be worn until it is determined that the hazard is not airborne and the gas detection devices are used to determine the level of exposure in the area.

A hazardous material incident requires a more cautious, methodical, and deliberate size-up than most emergency situations. The most senior official of the first-arriving company on site shall establish command of the incident. The Incident Command Post (CP) site needs should be kept in mind when designating a site. To command a site it is necessary control the site by limiting the number of personnel to the site (Zones). There should be at least 100 feet; 200 feet with larger more complex incidents between the CP and the Hazmat Team this will allow both Incident Commander and the Hazmat Team to perform their operations. Premature commitment of companies and personnel to unknown, potentially hazardous situations or locations must be avoided.

Establishing Zones Zones shall be established within the incident area. The table below indicates alternate terminology, descriptions, and use information relating to hazmat zones.

Zone Alternate Name Description Use . Command post Cold Support . Medical Station Zone Zone . Equipment storage . Decontamination personnel Zone should remain free of . Samples and packaging contamination. . Decontamination equipment . Field Laboratory Contamination Warm Designed to reduce the possibility . Emergency response for site Reduction Zone of contaminating a “clean” area personnel Zone by transferring hazardous . Equipment supply substances from the Hot Zone to . Workers temporary rest area the Support Zone. with: toilet facilities, benches, liquids, shade The area where the highest . Site characterization contaminant concentration is . Monitoring Hot Exclusion located. . Ground water monitoring Zone Zone . Clean-up work Only Hazmat Technicians shall . Mapping work in this zone. . Sampling

The incident commander shall report all relevant findings immediately to on-site personnel and, to the dispatchers.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 14 of 68 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES - continued The Role of Dispatch Dispatchers shall be trained to the First Responder, Operations Level and shall be versed in proper contact procedures for external agencies and be aware of the emergency plan. Dispatchers shall request information from the reporting party regarding:  Wind speed  Nature of wind (gusty, changeable direction etc.)  Find the name of the hazardous material involved, if possible.  Try to determine the physical state of the material. Is the product solid, liquid, or gas. Determine if vapor clouds, fumes or spill were observed.  Try to find out where the cloud or liquid is located and migrating to.  Plan approach to the incident from upwind, uphill and upstream position.  Determine the existence of and prepare to deal with victims, determining the amount type of injury, need for rescue and level of contamination.

The Role of Responders Before responding to the incident obtain as much information as possible, from the Fire Dispatch, about the incident, including but not limited to:  Wind speed  Nature of wind (gusty, changeable direction etc.)  Find the name of the hazardous material involved, if possible.  Try to determine the physical state of the material. Is the product solid, liquid, or gas. Determine if vapor clouds, fumes or spill were observed.  Try to find out where the cloud or liquid is located and migrating to.  Plan approach to the incident from upwind, uphill and upstream position.  Determine the existence of and prepare to deal with victims, determining the amount type of injury, need for rescue and level of contamination.  While enroute to the incident continue to obtain as much information as possible from Fire Dispatch about the incident and from observation of the approach scene.  Reevaluate the planned approach route to the incident from upwind, uphill and upstream position.  If the hazardous material is known reference the current edition of the Department of Transportation (DOT) North American Emergency Response guidebook (NAERG) for recommended action.  If the hazardous material involves a fixed facility, request information on the site from dispatch and any information that may be gained from on site employees.

Upon arrival at the hazardous materials incident, avoid committing to a dangerous situation. Establish command and staging areas well away from the area, in an upwind, uphill, upstream and facing out position. Establish a Control Line to isolate the area. Use two cones spread apart approximately 30 feet apart and 80 to 100 feet from the tailboard of the first-arriving engine company. Isolate the area. Deny access to non- emergency responders. Use barrier tape, rope or natural barriers to keep civilians and firefighters out of the contaminated area. Withdraw any employees or citizens to the safe area. Establish an Area of Refuge for personnel or victims who are contaminated. Confirm and define the problem based upon the information that was received and the visible information. Identify involved substances. Obtain information from the involved parties at the scene (drivers, plant officials, eye witnesses). Be wary of individuals who deny that a problem exists. Locate shipping papers, placards, labels or Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) to help with product identification. If a determination cannot be made, treat the chemical as highly toxic, violently reactive or explosive. Notice container shapes, sizes, and involvement in the incident. Estimate the Release Quantity from the container in the spill area or vapor release. Avoid exposure of firefighters to any liquid or vapors. Always wear full protective clothing and SCBA anytime there is a possibility of exposure.

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EMERGENCY RESPONSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES - continued UPDATED 1/1/11 The Role of Responders - continued Evaluate the Hazards of the incident based upon the information that is gathered. Determine possible exposures due to travel of the product. If possible (without exposing personnel to harmful substances), block the extension of the product. Warn and/or evacuate, if needed, those who may be in the path of the product. The first responder must take a defensive role in a hazmat response. Any further aggressive operations will be conducted by the Hazmat Unit. The Role of Hazmat Team & Hazmat Technicians All Hazmat Team members are to be trained to Technician Level.

Staffing Procedures A Hazmat Resource Pool shall be established, consisting of appropriately trained individuals who have been adequately trained in the use of Oklahoma City Fire Department Hazmat Unit equipment, required Hazmat Unit practices and in Oklahoma City Fire Department Hazmat Unit procedures.

When permanently assigned hazardous materials personnel are scheduled off on their duty day, the Hazmat Team shall not be permitted to drop below four (4) persons, minimum of seven (7) hazardous materials personnel at Station 5. Members of the Hazmat Resource Pool will be temporarily loaned to the Hazmat Unit. Personnel not in the Resource Pool shall not be used to fill Hazmat Unit vacancies.

Hazmat Resource Pool Those personnel not assigned to Station 5 that meet the criteria for Hazmat Technician Reference: these Standard Operating Procedures. These employees can be used to fill vacancies at Station 5.

Alarm Assignments The Hazmat Unit will be assigned but not limited to the following alarms as outlined by Level I, II, and III hazardous materials incidents:  All flammable gas (propane, LPG, hydrogen, etc.) poison gas (Chlorine, Phosgene, etc.) or corrosive gas (sulfur dioxide, etc.) situations involving transport vehicles or bulk storage vessels  All flammable liquid, combustible liquid or caustic liquid situations involving transport vehicles or bulk storage vessels  All incidents involving previously identified hazardous materials sites or clearly identified hazardous materials or as dispatched  At incidents involving small spills or unknown quantities of products it will be left up to the incident commander to determine whether the Hazmat Team is needed  All incidents involving confined spaces, trench and special rescue

The on-scene Incident Commander will specify whether a hazardous materials response will be made in emergency mode or non-emergency mode.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 16 of 68 RESPONSE LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS UPDATED 7/1/07 The dispatching of a Hazmat Response will follow in accordance with the appropriate incident level. Hazardous material incidents are categorized as Level I, II, and III. In ascending order of severity, these levels are defined as: Level I  A Level I incident is the least serious and is typically the easiest to handle.  This is an incident that can be easily handled by the First Responders who have been trained to the Operations Level.  It only requires evacuation of the specific building involved or the immediate area and does not pose an immediate threat to life or property.  A Level I incident is defined as a release of less than 10 gallons of a liquid or less than 20 pounds of a solid of a known hazardous material.  At a minimum, a Control Zone and a Command Post shall be established by the officer-in-charge. The Control Zone will be restricted to personnel wearing the proper protective clothing.  For Level I incidents, an Engine company and a District Officer shall be dispatched. A District Officer will not be required on a Level I incident involving motor fuel. The Hazmat Unit will not normally be dispatched on a Level I incident, but may be contacted, called or requested to respond if needed by the Incident Commander for assistance or information.

Some examples of a Level I incident include:  Small fuel spills from traffic accidents  Odor investigation in a building or vicinity  Small fuel spills outside with no fire involved  Leaking domestic natural gas line in a house  LPG leaking from a small container,  Such as a passenger car fuel tank, portable tanks, etc.  Broken containers of “consumer commodities” in stores, such as grocery, hardware, or department stores.  These include paints, thinners, bleach, fertilizers, etc.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 17 of 68 RESPONSE LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS - continued UPDATED 7/1/07 Level II  A Level II incident is more severe than a Level I incident.  This is an incident in which the situation is beyond the normal capabilities of the First Responder.  Localized evacuation is frequently necessary for Level II incidents since they do pose a threat to the public and/or the environment.  A Level II incident is defined as a release of 10 or more gallons of a liquid or 20 pounds or more of a solid of a known hazardous material OR the release of any quantity of an unknown liquid, solid, or gaseous material that is toxic all gases other than natural gas or LPG shall be considered as toxic), corrosive, poisonous, reactive, or radioactive.  Incident zones must be established and maintained.  A Command Post and staging area shall be designated in the Cold Zone. The Hot Zone will be restricted to personnel wearing the proper protective clothing.  Dispatch for Level II incidents shall include a residential alarm response along with the Hazmat Unit or the Hazmat Task Force. The Incident Commander may have dispatch contact EMSA to have an ambulance respond to the staging area. A District Officer must be dispatched. Numerous outside agencies will be involved, such as federal and private response teams. Oklahoma City Storm Water Quality (SWQ), the EPA, Public Works, Red Cross, ODEQ and other area departments, will be contacted at the discretion of the Incident Commander.

Some examples of a Level II incident include, but are not limited to:  Fuel spills greater than 10 gallons.  Civilian plane crashes. (aviation fuels, cargo, hydraulic fluid, compressed gases)  Single leaking drum with a hazardous material label.  A major LPG leak.  Rupture or break of a high pressure natural gas line.  Small leaks or investigation of vapors from vehicles or rail cars that are placarded.  Investigation of a strong chemical odor inside a building.  A spill or leak requiring the evacuation of several blocks.  Investigation of unknown spills in waterways.  Placarded vehicles involved in an accident.  A fire that is posing a possible BLEVE threat.  Fires in buildings with a 704 rating of 2 or greater in any category.  Any accident involving a large quantity of a non hazardous material which may harm the environment, such as drilling sludge, inks or dyes, milk, corn syrup, treated grain, or salt water.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 18 of 68 RESPONSE LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS - continued UPDATED 7/1/07 Level III  A Level III incident is a local disaster.  This is an incident in which the situation is beyond the capabilities of the Oklahoma City Fire Department and may extend beyond jurisdictional lines.  Large-scale evacuation may be necessary for Level III incidents since they pose a very serious threat to the public and/or the environment. Incidents may even last a few days.  A Level III incident is defined as a release of a Reportable Quantity (RQ) or possible release of a RQ of a hazardous substance OR the release or possible release of a Bulk Container of an unknown liquid, solid, or gaseous material that is toxic, corrosive, poisonous, reactive, or radioactive.  Incident zones must be established and maintained.  A Command Post and staging area shall be designated in the Cold Zone. The Hot Zone will be restricted to only personnel wearing the proper protective clothing. This is for all personnel Firefighters and non-firefighters alike.  Dispatch for Level III incidents shall include a Residential alarm response along with the Hazmat Unit or the Hazmat Task Force. The Incident Commander may have dispatch contact EMSA to have an ambulance respond to the staging area. The dispatcher shall also contact EMSA to have a supervisor respond to the staging area. District Officer and the Deputy would also be dispatched immediately.  Numerous outside agencies will be involved, such as federal and private response teams. Oklahoma City Storm Water Quality (SWQ), the EPA, Public Works, Red Cross, ODEQ and other area departments, will be contacted at the discretion of the Incident Commander.

Examples of Level III incidents include, but are not limited to:  Evacuations that cross jurisdictional boundaries  Fires that begin as a level II involving hazardous materials that progress to multiple alarms  Any train accident that involves hazardous materials  Incidents that involve multiple deaths or serious injuries unless obviously a non-hazmat call  Accidents involving vehicles placarded “Explosives, Poisons, or Radioactive Materials”  Incidents where BLEVEs or serious explosions have occurred  Military plane crash (exotic fuels, metals, ordinance, cryogenics, LOX, ejection devices etc.)

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 19 of 68 ON-SITE PROCEDURES Hazardous Material Units Oklahoma City Fire Department’s Hazmat 5 may respond to industrial/commercial fires when requested by the Incident Commander to serve as a resource. The Hazmat Task Force will also be available upon request for the Incident Commander at any time. Any time the Public might be placed in danger from a Toxic, Flammable, or Explosive condition the Hazmat Unit should be utilized to insure the safest condition possible for the public and Fire Department Personnel at the site or potential site. Some examples are:  Fire run off sampling  Smoke sampling (toxins)  Check fire characteristics for hazardous materials  Monitor confined spaces (to determine toxic/nontoxic atmospheres for firefighters to work in)  Monitor weather conditions  Computer aided information

Medical Surveillance The following will be observed before personnel perform entry on a Hazmat Incident in Level A or B protection:  Before entry and after leaving the Hot (Exclusion) and Warm zones, an EMS Hazmat Worksheet shall be completed by EMS personnel. This worksheet shall appear on the entry checklist filled out by site safety personnel prior to personnel entering the Exclusion (Hot) Zone in Level A or B personal protective equipment (PPE).  EMS personnel shall include the following in their base-line appraisal of entry personnel.  Personnel shall be compelled to work no longer than 20 minutes in chemical protective suits, without a rest. If temperature is above 70oF a mandatory heat stress evaluation and pre-entry medical evaluation will be performed.

Pre-Entry Medical Evaluation Item Assessed Acceptable Values Pulse Initial: 110 per minute maximum Blood Pressure Initial: 140/90 maximum Respirations Initial: 22 breaths per minute maximum Hydration Level Entry personnel shall hydrate before entry operations Signs of grogginess or other compromise are to be reported to the Incident Safety Mental Alertness Officer and the person removed from entry operations Temperature Initial: 99°F maximum (taken with oral clinical thermometer) Any unusual lack of coordination is to be noted and the person removed from entry Motor skills operations

Any readings above maximum values listed above will result in removal from entry operations

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 20 of 68 ON-SITE PROCEDURES - continued Post-Entry Medical Procedures  After 20 minutes they shall be given rest time, out of protective clothing and monitored by medically trained personnel for temperature, dehydration, Blood pressure, signs and symptoms of chemical exposure etc.  Heart rate should be measured for 30 seconds, as soon as possible during resting periods. The initial Heart Rate should note exceed 110 beats per minute. If the Heart rate is higher, the next work period shall be shortened by 10 minutes, or 33%., while the length of the rest period remains the same.  Body temperature should be measured, orally with a clinical thermometer, as soon as possible during rest periods. Oral temperature should not exceed 99°F. If it does, the next work period shall be shortened by 10 minutes, or 33%, while the length of the rest period remains the same.  Individuals should not be allowed to wear semi-permeable or impermeable clothing if oral temperature exceeds 100.6°F.  Good hygiene shall be maintained by frequent showering and change of clothing. Dry clothing will be made available, if necessary.  Mobile showers, shade, shift rotation, and /or air conditioning shall be used to reduce the heat stress of entry workers.  Gum, smoking, eating, drinking and chewing tobacco shall be prohibited in the Contamination Reduction (Warm) or Exclusion (Hot) Zones.  Decontamination teams shall be equipped with equipment, at most, one level below that of the entry team.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 21 of 68 ENTRY PROCEDURES Those incidents requiring an “entry” by the Hazmat Unit to stabilize the situation will follow these standard procedures.

Initial  Obtain status report from the Incident Commander.  Implement the Hazmat Response Incident Command Module of the Oklahoma City Fire Department Hazmat Emergency Response Plan.  Request additional resources. This will include but not be limited to;  First in engine companies  EMS Unit  Special Teams Coordinator  Fire Department Safety Officer or designee  Oklahoma City Police Department  Oklahoma City Public Works Department  Oklahoma City Emergency Management  Continue to gather as much information about the incident as possible to help confirm the identity of the Hazardous materials(s) involved.  Determine proper level of protective equipment for all personnel operating on the scene.  Conduct an Incident Risk Analysis to hazardous materials responders with respect to possible results of actions taken to stabilize the incident.  Develop an Incident Site Safety Plan.  Establish and delineate Control Zones (Cold, Warm, Hot).  Initiate decontamination procedures.

Pre-Entry  All tasks and procedures are to be identified before attempting entry.  Unfamiliar tasks are to be practiced before entry.  No personnel are to enter the Exclusion Zone until support personnel complete the Entry Team Checklist.  There shall be a visible identification system for all Entry and Decontamination Team personnel. This identification system shall provide incident commanders with the ability to identify personnel at a distance.  Conduct an Incident Risk Analysis with the Hazmat Team with respect to possible results of actions taken to stabilize the incident.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 22 of 68 ENTRY PROCEDURES - continued

Entry for Recon with Back-Up on Stand-By Recon operations will include but not be limited to:

Known hazards and risks This must include all known or suspected physical, biological, radiological or chemical hazards. It is important that all health related data be kept up-to-date. As air, water, soil, or hazardous substance monitoring and sampling data becomes available, it must be evaluated, significant risk or exposure to workers noted, potential impact on the public assessed, and changes made to the plan. These evaluations need to be repeated frequently, since much of the plan is based on this information.

Key personnel and alternatives The plan will identify key personnel assigned to various operations. Telephone numbers, addresses and other contact information for key organizations will be listed in the plan and posted in a conspicuous place.

Level of Protection The plan shall designate levels of protection to be worn. The levels of protection to be worn at locations on- scene or by work functions will be designated. This includes the specific types of respirators and clothing to be worn for each level. No one shall be permitted in areas requiring personal protective equipment, unless they have been trained in its use and are wearing it.

Work areas Hot, Warm, and Cold Zones will be established and designated on the scene map and the map posted. The size of zones, zone boundaries and access control points into each zone will be marked and made known to all personnel. The distance between the Hot Zone, Warm Zone, Cold Zone and Command Post are dependant on the size and shape of each zone and have to be based on conditions specific to each site.

Scene security procedures Fences, signs, security patrols, and check-in procedures will be established. Procedures will be established to control authorized personnel access to work zones where personal protection is required.

Decontamination Procedures Decontamination Procedures for personnel and equipment will be established. Proper disposal of contaminated material solutions and equipment will be arranged.

The plan shall make provision for:  Atmospheric monitoring  Initial product containment  Liquid monitoring  Entry for stabilization with back-up on stand-by  Product Identification  Decontamination  Container breach identification  Incident termination

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 23 of 68 INCIDENT COMMANDER Command Post The Incident Commander will establish the Command Post at a safe position (uphill, upwind, cross wind, etc.) that will allow the command post to be approached by all necessary agencies in a safe manner (good access). The Command Post should allow sufficient area for the Hazmat Unit to set up with decon between the Hot Zone and the Cold Zone. The average Distance between the IC and the Hazmat Unit should be about 100 feet on small incidents; this distance will insure adequate area to set up the Cold Zone. The actual distance may be quite some distance from the hazard site on large incidents, where many agencies will be reporting. The Command Post may need to be moved once the size of the incident is realized.

Staging The Incident Commander shall use Level I staging and communicate to all arriving companies staging information so that they might be able to approach the scene in a safe manner. The Incident Commander will insure any previously established control zone/line is respected; this is to insure “Site Control”. In the case that Control Lines have not been established, the Incident Commander shall establish it, and the access point.

Site Handling The Incident Commander shall take control of the site by restricting access, the access point will be designated by the Incident Commander and all agencies will use the access point. The Access Point would be an excellent area for the command post. In the case that product information is not available, the Incident Commander will instruct all arriving companies to respond according to “Guide 111” in the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook. The incident responsibilities and needs presented here for the Incident Commander are as stated by the Code of Federal Regulations 29 (CFR) 1910.120 on Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency, Response specifically in q, 3, i through ix, NFPA 471 and 472. The Incident Commander is responsible to set goals for the Hazmat Branch and First Responding companies. The goals for a hazardous materials incident are:  Isolation  Protection  Spill Control  Leak Control  Fire Control  Termination

These goals shall be addressed verbally or in writing by the Incident Commander.

The goals will address a target group of persons such as:  What is the appropriate isolation for the site?  Near by persons?  Responders?  What are the Termination requirements for this site?  To whom and when do we turn it over? The reply to these goals should be in writing from Hazmat Unit. The Hazmat Unit's Action Plan shall address the goals sent to them by the Incident Commander. Additional actions by the Hazmat Unit shall be addressed in the Site Safety Plan. The Incident Commander shall post the Site Safety Plan in plain view and insure all responding persons and agencies are briefed of the Hazards and Risks of being at site. The Incident Commander shall insure that the Site Safety and Health Plan received from the Hazmat Task Force have the following information, and the Incident Commander is informed and updated. The following officers will assume the roles described within the Incident Command System Reference: Section q, 3 of 29 CFR 1910.120 and NFPA 472.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 24 of 68

INCIDENT COMMANDER - continued Critique The Incident Commander of any incident requiring the implementation of a Site Safety and Health plan shall conduct a critique with Officers, the Hazmat Unit and supervisory personnel, along with all personnel that were at the scene, in a timely manner. The information gathered shall be available to all responding personnel.

The critique shall include but is not limited to the following areas:  Outside agencies  Evacuation/Isolation Procedures  Explanation of lines of author/ICS  Decontamination  Emergency Recognition  EMS  Area of Refuge  Public Information  Site Security & Control  PPC and Equipment

The intent of this critique is to continually improve the effectiveness of the Emergency Response Plan.

Discussion may include but not limited to the following:  What goals were submitted to the Hazmat Unit by the Incident Commander?  What objectives were outlined for the Entry Team by the Hazmat Director?  What actions were made?  What notifications were made?  What PPE was used?  How was the PPE derived?  Who decided the PPE?  What monitoring device/s was used?  What were the readings of the devices?  Where the zones were physically located?  How was site security and zones control?  What decon procedures was used?  What Evacuation/Isolation Procedures?  What Evacuation/Isolation Routing?

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 25 of 68 INCIDENT COMMAND STAFF Incident Safety Officer The Incident Safety Officer will have no other duties that might distract the Incident Safety Officer from his/her responsibilities.

Responsibilities of Incident Safety Officer include:  Ensure control zones are appropriate for the situation  Ensure staging occurs in a safe area  Inform all (fire, EMS, media, etc.) personnel arriving at the Hazmat incident of the hazards and risks of the site  Review the Site Safety Plan and assure personnel are performing in a safe manner according to the plan

Liaison Officer  Will work with other agencies by gathering information  Will brief the Incident Commander and other agencies to insure teamwork.

Public Information Officer (PIO)  Will brief the media to inform them of the risks and hazard at that site  Will brief the public of their risk and hazard.

The briefs mentioned above will be based on facts and will be released through the Incident Commander.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 26 of 68 OPERATIONS SECTION UPDATED 7/1/07 Hazmat Task Force Responsibilities  Will work with the goals that the Incident Commander establishes  Shall make, and then submit, their strategic goals, and then their tactical objectives, along with an action plan to the IC for the IC's approval.  Shall submit a site safety plan on all Level II and Level III responses within 30 minutes from the Hazmat Team's arrival  Identify IDLH (Immediate Danger to Life and Health) conditions Reference: Section q, 3, ii of 29 CFR  product name  product hazard(s)  maximum exposure limits  use of any new technologies  Limit access to Emergency Site Reference: Section q, 3, v of 29 CFR and NFPA 471.  All zones shall be evaluated by the Hazmat Task Force and be updated.  This information shall be used by the Incident Commander for evacuation needs.  Hot and Cold Zones set  The Cold Zone is to be controlled by the Police Department.  All zones will be evaluated as the incident changes and the Police Department shall be informed via IC.  Access corridor established  The IC shall insure there is an access corridor and it is established in a proper and safe position. (This information shall be provided by the Hazmat Task Force)  The IC shall insure only authorized and trained personnel are used in any zone.  Insure appropriate personnel are decontaminated. (Site Safety & Health Plan and Action Plan submitted by Hazmat Unit)  Notify the following organizations and agencies as may be necessary for information or registration the incident  Shipper  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)  National Response Center (NRC) notification is necessary when a RQ is met or is thought to be met.  City/County Health Department  Oklahoma State Department of Health  Coast Guard  Oklahoma Department of Pollution Control  American Red Cross

Needs of the Incident Commander Items needed to plan, develop goals, and handle the incident to achieve a positive outcome are summarized here based upon recommendations set forth in portions of Sections q, 3, iii, iv, v, vii, and ix of 29 CFR and NFPA 472.

Have on hand and be able to use and understand:  Site Safety Plan (submitted when available by Hazmat Unit)  Local and/or State Emergency Response Plan (submitted when available by Hazmat Unit)  Facility Site Safety Plan. (Site Safety Plan, Action Plan)

ICS Training For Deputy/District Officers and Ride Outs Shall be trained as prescribed in 1910.120 q, 3, ii through x and On Site Incident Commander q, 6, v, according to their response roles as well as the training outlined in NFPA 472. They should know how to use the Hazmat Incident Commander Check Sheet. The training needs as covered in q, 6, v. shall be completed before anyone may act as an IC (On Site Incident Commander q, 6, v) of a hazmat incident.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 27 of 68

OPERATIONS SECTION - continued Operations Section Chief The Diagram (figure 1) shows the Hazmat Branch, just below the Operations Section Chief.

Operations Section

Hazmat Branch Director

Hazmat Safety

Hazmat Liaison

Hazmat Hazmat Hazmat Hazmat Hazmat EMS Group Intervention Science Decon Resource Group Group * Group Group

Premedical Entry/Exit Resource Surveillance Recon Team Science Officer Monitor Officer Post Medical Surveillance Entry Teams Task Specific Gross Decon Team Dressing Unit Treatment

Transportation Back Up Teams WeatherFigure Officer 1 Secondary Team Supply Unit

*Can be manned by the same person.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 28 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - RESPONSE LEVELS Level II and III Response

Overview  The Hazmat Unit when responding to Level I, Level II and all Level III's may respond as a Task Force. This is determined by the Hazmat Director.  The Hazmat Task Force consists of Hazmat 5, Hazmat 55, and Engine 5.  Hazmat 5 may be dispatched to size-up a possible site, before dispatching the entire Task Force.  A Level II incident is a threat to the Environment, and/or endangers humans.  A Level III incident is life-threatening.  Minimum Staffing for Hazmat 5 and the Hazmat Task Force.  Hazmat 5 and the Task force may provide several services this is dependent on the resources available.

Service Base Hazmat as a Resource (No Entry) Task Force (Minimum Entry) Hazmat 5 ENGINE 5 One (1) Director (Hazmat Tech) Four (4) Technicians Three (3) Technicians

For the some Level II and all Level III incidents, personnel on scene will consist of the Hazmat Task Force, in addition to the personnel listed below: Multiple Entry (Level II) Multiple Entry & Sites (Level II) Multiple Entry (Level III) Four (4) Four (4) Four (4) Additional Technicians Additional Technicians Additional Technicians

Resource Unit  Director and three (3) technicians.

Basic Task Force Staffing  Eight (8) trained personnel One of the following services, or, these services completed one at a time, will be available with the Task Force:  Site Characterization  Minimum Basic Entry (One Entry)

Level II Task Force Staffing  Twelve (12) trained personnel The following services will simultaneously be available with the Task Force:  Continuous Site Characterization  Multiple Entry (Level II)

Branch Staffing  Sixteen (16) trained personnel One of the following services, or, these services completed one at a time, will be available with the Task Force:  Continuous Site Characterization  Multiple Entry Level II at Multiple sites

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 29 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - RESPONSE LEVELS - continued Level II Incidents  A Level II incident is a threat to the Environment, and/or endangers humans.  A Level II incident is an incident that is beyond the normal capabilities of the First Responder Operations Level.  A Level II incident is defined as: A release of more than 10 gallons of a liquid, or more than 20 pounds of a solid of a known hazardous substance, or an incident involving the release of any quantity of the following:     Cor Toxic Reactive Radioactive rosive  A Level II response will also be dispatched on all unknown substances.  All gases other than natural gas or LPG shall be considered as toxic. Incident zones must be established and maintained accordingly.  All out-of-hole gases or liquids will be considered as toxic until identified by the Hazmat Organization. (“out-of-hole” gases or liquids are products that have not been refined and may come from a well/pipe line blowout)  Command Post and a staging area shall be established in the Cold Zone.  Outside agencies will likely be required on a Level II incident, such as Oklahoma City Storm Water Quality (SWQ), EPA, clean-up contractors, etc. It will be the responsibility of the IC to contact the proper agencies.  Localized evacuation may be required.

Some examples of a Level II incident include, but are not limited to:  Fuel spills greater than 10 gallons.  Single drum leaking with a hazardous material label attached.  A major LPG leak.  Rupture or break of a high pressure natural gas line civilian plane crashes (aviation fuels, cargo, hydraulic fluid, compressed gases).  Small leaks of vehicles or rail cars that are placarded.  Investigate vapors coming from any placarded vehicle or rail car.  Investigate a strong chemical odor inside a building.  A spill or leak requiring the evacuation of several square blocks.  Investigate unknown spills in waterways.  Placarded vehicles involved in an accident.  A fire that is posing a possible BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) threat.  Fires in buildings with a NFPA 704 rating of 2 or greater in any of the categories: Health, Flammable, Reactive.  Any accident involving a large quantity of a non-hazardous material which may harm the environment, such as inks or dyes, milk, corn syrup, treated grain, salt water or drilling sludge.  Any confined space incident.

Level II Non-Bulk Packaging Responses Level II incidents involving non-bulk packing shall include a:  First alarm response  Hazmat 5.(may call for the Task Force)

NOTE: Airplanes are nothing more than flying Hazmat bulk containers. Even some small private air planes can carry over 119 gallons of fuel. Level II Bulk Packaging Responses Level II response with bulk packing shall include a:  First alarm response  Hazmat 5. (may call for Hazmat Task Force)  EMSA (respond to the staging area)

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 30 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - RESPONSE LEVELS - continued Level III Incidents  A Level III incident is Life-threatening.  A Level III incident is a local disaster.  It is an incident that is beyond the capabilities of the fire department and may extend beyond jurisdictional lines.  The incident may last for days and require a large scale evacuation.  Many outside agencies may be needed for assistance and support. Some of these agencies may include:  Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ)  Chemical manufacturer response team  City/County Health Department  Red Cross  Oklahoma City Storm Water Quality (SWQ)  National Response Center (NRC) team  Oklahoma Department of Pollution Control  Environment Protection Agency (EPA)  It shall be the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to contact the proper authorities and agencies.  Incident zones must be established and maintained.  A Command Post and staging area shall be established in the Cold Zone.  The Incident Commander (IC) may also up-grade the incident to a second or greater alarm response, when additional manpower is needed.

Examples of Level III incidents include, but are not limited to:  Evacuations that cross jurisdictional boundaries.  Spills, leaks, or fires involving hazardous materials that proceed to multiple alarms.  Any train accident that involves hazardous materials.  Incidents that involve multiple deaths or serious injuries.  Accidents involving vehicles placarded “Explosives, Poisons, or Radioactive Materials”, with or without fire.  Incidents where BLEVE’s (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) or serious explosions have occurred.  Military plane crash (ie.-exotic fuels, metals, ordinance, cryogenics, LOX, ejection devices)

Level III Non-Bulk Packaging Responses Level III Non-Bulk Packaging Responses shall include a:  First alarm response  Hazmat Task Force  EMSA (respond to the staging area)

Level III Bulk Packaging Responses Level III Bulk Packaging Responses shall include a:  First alarm response.  Deputy Chief.  PIO (Public Information Officer).  Hazmat Task Force.  EMSA (respond to the staging area).  List of Qualified Support Personnel.  Computer Assistance.  Hazmat Liaison.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 31 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - RESPONSE LEVELS - continued Additional Responses Hazmat 5 will be dispatched to third alarm industrial fires when requested, to assist the Incident Commander (IC) as a resource.

This may involve but not be limited to:  To monitor air quality.  To monitor runoff.

Any time the Public might be placed in danger from a Toxic, Flammable or Explosive, the Hazmat Unit should be utilized to insure the safest condition possible for the Public and Fire Department Personnel at the site or potential site.

Some examples are:  fire run off sampling  smoke sampling (toxins)  check fire characteristics for hazardous materials  monitor confined spaces (to determine toxic/nontoxic atmospheres for occupants)  monitor weather conditions  computer aided information

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 32 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - INTERVENTION GROUP Entry Teams The process of initial entry (Recon) and entry by the Entry Team (work team) is by far at the top end of the risk ladder. For this reason, 29 CFR 910-120 (a), NFPA 471 and 472.  Definitions (3) address the “Buddy System” which is to be used any time an entry team enters the Hot Zone.  Before the preliminary evaluation process, you must gather information to make that evaluation. (1910.120 (h) Monitoring, (2) and (3) Initial Entry), NFPA 471 and 472.

Initial Entry Upon initial entry, representative air monitoring shall be conducted to identify any IDLH condition exposure over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels, exposure over a radioactive material's dose limits or other dangerous condition such as the presence of flammable atmospheres or oxygen-deficient environments. (Reference: Section h, 2 of CFR 29 and NFPA 471)

Monitoring Periodic monitoring shall be conducted when the possibility of an IDLH condition or flammable atmosphere has developed or when there is an indication that exposures may have risen over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels since prior monitoring. (Reference: Section h, 2 and 3 of CFR 29 and NFPA 471)

Monitoring will help evaluate and or detect proper:  Zones  Personal Protective Clothing (PPE)  Discover IDLH Conditions  Insure overall Site Safety

Eight areas monitored on hazardous materials incidents by the Hazmat Unit: 1) Background 2) Command Post 3) Contamination Reduction Corridor 4) Area Of Refuge 5) Exposures 6) Hot Zone 7) Exclusion Zone 8) Downwind/Perimeter

Medical Surveillance Before the Entry Team enters any IDLH condition they must first complete medical surveillance.

Medical surveillance shall include:  Baselines  Pre-Medical survey  Post-Medical survey  Out of service Guidelines

(Reference: Section q, 9 of CFR 29 and NFPA 471)

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 33 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - DECONTAMINATION Procedures Decontamination procedures will be tailored to the specific hazards of the site, and will vary in complexity and number of steps, depending on the level of hazard and the employee's exposure to the hazard.

Corresponding to appropriate the level of incident, the following levels of Decontamination will be established according to the appropriate diagrams:  60 second flush (Basic/Emergency Decon)  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3

Decontamination procedures shall be developed, communicated to employees and implemented before any employees or equipment may enter areas of hazardous substances. (Reference: Section k (2) I and NFPA 471) Decontamination procedures shall be monitored by the Hazmat Safety Officer to determine their effectiveness. (Reference: Section k (2) iv and NFPA 471) Basic Decontamination will consist of a minimum 60-second flush administered with a booster nozzle or sufficient water supply. There are NO exceptions to this minimum practice. Contaminated personnel shall be assembled at the Area of Refuge after Basic Decontamination is accomplished. The severity of injuries will determine the degree of decontamination used.

NOTE: If medical conditions permit, all personnel that have been in the Hot Zone will be decontaminated before being transported to medical facilities.

All personnel that do not need immediate medical attention should be decontaminated and remain isolated away from other personnel to reduce the risk of spreading contamination.

NOTE: This includes all civilians and fire department personnel.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 34 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - SITE CONTROL Securing the Scene The first-arriving companies during a hazardous materials incident shall close all access to the scene. DENYING ACCESS must be accomplished at the EARLIEST possible moment

Setting Zones  The first-arriving companies shall establish a control zone (COLD ZONE).  This zone should be a minimum of 500 feet for bulk packaging (liquid-internal volume of more than 119 gal, solid-capacity of more than 882 pounds, compressed gas-water capacity of more than 1001 pounds (120 gals), OR 200 feet for non-bulk packaging unless otherwise stated.

Evacuation Evacuation is considered a long term operation. Suggested distances for evacuation will follow guidelines set forth in the DOT North American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG). This distance will also be listed in the “Site Safety and Health Plan” established by the Hazmat Director/Supervisor. Worst case scenario you should always evacuate too large an area rather than too small an area. Isolating Personnel Isolation is the immediate removal of all persons from an area of danger. Isolation covers all personnel (Fire, PD, EMS, etc.)  The Hazmat Intervention Group is the only exception.  500 feet in all directions is recommended for any unknown.

Isolating the Hazard Isolating the hazard consists of steps taken to control the product from a safe distance.

This can be accomplished by:  diking a storm drain (ahead of the spill, at a safe distance)  digging a holding pit for the product to run to.  damming an area to keep the product out of either a natural or artificial water system

Only attempt this if it is possible to stay UPWIND and OUT of the product or its vapors. If a product is leaking from its container, an attempt should be made to isolate the product, if this can be accomplished safely. Avoid letting product enter sewer or storm drains, and any type of water system or natural waterway.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 35 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARD Once the scene is initially secured, access controlled, and the hazard isolated, steps can be taken to more definitively identify the materials involved and their hazards.

At no time will the first-arriving companies enter the product or its vapors in order to identify it

Information of importance includes: Occupancy and Location  Type of facility and what is manufactured there. Such as: paint supply, farm & garden, fuel distributor, hardware store, etc.  The location of incident in relation to exposures.

Container Shapes  Pressure or non-pressure container  Portable tanks, cargo tanks, rail tank-car, cylinders.  Special containers may carry special products

Markings and Colors Marking numbers that designates a UN/NA Hazmat of some kind.

The color of the container may give you some information, such as:

Placards and Labels  DOT placards  NFPA 704M  United Nations Hazard Class Numbers  HMIS Labels

Chemical Data Sheets Data sheets may come in the form of Shipping papers, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and/or Manifests.  Only retrieve shipping papers if you are able to stay out of the product and its vapors.  Approach upwind.

Facility Personnel  Determine what products are manufactured or stored on site  If they have been contaminated, find out their symptoms and what the physical state(s) of the products are, solid, liquid, gas, what type of odor, what color, etc.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 36 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARD - continued Hazard Classifications The factor that most affects all areas of response will be the hazardous material itself. The particular, unique and special properties of the substance and the damage to the container will largely dictate what control techniques are necessary or even possible as well as dictate the response companies both fire and private. Note: all of the following pictures for the nine hazard classes are examples of labels. These are found on non- bulk packaging.

Class 1 - Explosives

 Do not fight Explosive fires.  Explosives may detonate with the application of water due to becoming extremely unstable when exposed to fire.  Use the Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG) to establish the isolation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate accordingly.  Deny access to the zones.  Do not use Radios in the immediate area.  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances.

Class 2 - Gases (Flammable, Nonflammable, & Poison)

 Determine if the container is being impinged on by fire above or below the liquid line. If impingement is above the liquid line then, determine elapsed time since fire has been burning. You have about 5 minutes of fire impingement above the liquid line before a BLEVE can be expected.  Only attempt to attack the fire if the following water supply can be implemented within this (critical 5 min.) A flow of 500 gpm will be needed to protect the container from failure; the flow should come from two (2) 250 gpm lines. This will cover a wider container surface than one (1) 500 gpm line.  If 5 minutes have elapsed, use the NAERG to establish the isolation or evacuation zones.  Once you have set zones isolate or evacuate the area.  Deny access to the zones.

Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids

 If the Flammable Liquids are leaking from a Highway Cargo Tank, a 500 foot zone should be established.  Use Confinement Procedures to prevent the product from leaving the site. This must be done in a safe manner remembering to stay up-hill & upwind from the product and to eliminate all ignition factors.  Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate the area  Deny access to the zones.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 37 of 68  The application of foam from a SAFE Distance is acceptable. Caution should be taken NOT to run down your water or foam supply in case of an ignition.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 38 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARD - continued Class 4 - Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible & Dangerous When Wet

 Do not fight Flammable Solids and Pyrophoric fires as they may react when applying water.  Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate the area  Deny access to the zones.  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances. Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

 Small quantities (up to 10 lb) on fire can be extinguished by water.  If large quantities are involved. Call for the Hazmat Unit.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate the area.  Deny access to the zones.  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances.  Contain or confine the spill but avoid sweeping the product with brooms until further analysis of the product is completed. Class 6 - Poisons and Infectious Substances

 Observe the incident from an exaggerated safe distance.  Do not fight Poisons fires above 55 gallons.  Poisons may create run off problems with the application of water.  Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate the area.  Deny access to the zones.  Stay out of smoke, it will contain toxic substances. Class 7 - Radioactives

Do not fight any Radiation fires in bulk type packaging. Radiation fires may create Poisonous/toxic run off problems with the application of water. Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone. Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone. Once you have set zones isolate or evacuate the area. Deny access to the zones. Stay out of smoke, it will contain toxic substances.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 39 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARD - continued Class 8 - Corrosives

 Small quantities (up to 5 gallons) may be diluted with water, in an attempt to control reaction between corrosive and additional products.  Do not attempt to try and dilute the product if over 5 gallons.  If corrosive is on fire, protect exposures and let the corrosive consume itself.  If large quantities are involved, call for the Hazmat Unit.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate the area.  Deny access to the zones.  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances.  Contain or confine the spill but avoid letting the product come into contact with organic substances.

Class 9 – Miscellaneous Materials

 Use the NAERG to establish the isolation zone.  Use the NAERG to establish the evacuation zone.  Once you have set zones, isolate or evacuate accordingly.  Deny access to the zones.  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances.

Limited Availability of Information

For products with limited information, follow these basic guidelines:  If the products/chemicals name ends in IDE or IUM. Use caution when using water.  Use Guide 111 in the NAERG.  When the fire shows abnormal characteristics:  Set zones, isolate or evacuate accordingly  Deny access to the zones.  Do not use Radios in the immediate area. (THE ISOLATION AREA)  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances.  If the container has a refrigeration unit and is placarded  Do not fight the fire  Call for the Hazmat Unit  Set zones, isolate or evacuate accordingly  Deny access to the zones  Do not use Radios beyond the control zone  Stay out of smoke, it may contain toxic substances

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 40 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - RISK ASSESSMENT UPDATED 7/1/07 Evaluating The Risk For Rescue Rescue of endangered individuals at hazmat incidents should not be performed unless the safety of the rescuers can be assured. Initial rescue Should concentrate on removing able-bodied persons, the so called “walking wounded” from immediate danger. Complicated rescue Extrication situations should be evaluated before being attempted. When the probability is high that the victim can't be saved or is already dead, rescue should not be attempted if it will place the rescuers at unnecessary risk. The danger of exposure to an unknown chemical or an explosion hazard may make the risks unacceptable. Area of Refuge A holding area should be established to send any contaminated persons to wait for additional help to arrive. They can be decontaminated with the help of the Hazmat Unit. This holding area should be located outside the decon corridor that is established by the Operations Level Responder. This area should be inside the Control Zone/Line. This area should be considered contaminated until the Hazmat Unit determines otherwise. Whoever establishes the area of refuge shall assure the site is monitored/controlled. Rescue of Contaminated Personnel Contaminated personnel should not be handled unless the product of contamination has been identified and its toxic effects are known. Proper personal protective clothing shall be used. A Basic Decontamination Area shall be established upwind and uphill from the site of contamination and near the Area of Refuge. When contaminated individuals are rescued, the Initial Company must make arrangements to:  Isolate victims and contaminated rescuers in the Area of Refuge.  Decontaminate and then treat these potential patients, including any rescuers who were contaminated in the process. Contaminated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Contaminated Personal Protective Equipment, whether it is fire fighting Equipment or Chemical Protective Equipment, shall be evaluated by the Hazmat Safety Officer and the Hazmat Director. They shall use all means available to them such as State and City County Health Departments, Manufactures recommendations, etc. The evaluation results shall be in written form using the “Personal Equipment Contamination Form” Any time an employee feels their PPE has become contaminated the “Personal Equipment Contamination Form” should be filled out and the equipment not used until it can be evaluated. Contaminated Personal Equipment or Clothing Procedures Personal equipment or clothing must be removed in decon from any affected person as would any other contaminated articles, if the articles are made of porous material they will be considered to be uncleanable, and will not be returnable. (leather goods, rubber goods, wood products etc.) Potential Exposure Report  The EPA recommends a Potential Exposure Report be filled out any time an employee is exposed to a Hazardous Substance. Even when they are wearing full protective equipment, to include Chemical Protective Clothing.  Employees have a legal right to fill out a Potential Exposure Report whenever they come in contact with a Hazardous Substance.  Information for the Potential Exposure Report may be received from the OCFD Site Safety Plan and/or the Hazmat Team. The Potential Exposure Report form will be supplied by the IC, District Officer.  The Hazmat Unit can be contacted for assistance in filling out the form.  A person that has contaminated Personal Protective Clothing (PPE) may also fill out a Potential Exposure Report. Note: It should be pointed out that responding to the incident does not automatically mean that an employee has been exposed to a Hazardous Substance.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 41 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - HAZMAT POSITIONS Special Operations Officer Although the Special Operations Officer does not set policy, he works with, and recommends policy to the Fire Chief to insure that the best interest of the Fire Department and citizens are considered. In conjunction with the Hazmat Officers at Station 5, the Special Operations Officer establishes, standardizes, specifies and coordinates:  Training  Operation procedures  Equipment  Preplanning procedures  Vehicles This is to ensure the efforts of Special Operations members be deployed in the most efficient, safe and legal manner possible. The Special Operations Officer carries the rank of Captain/Major.

Hazmat Director/Supervisor The Hazmat Team will work in one of two ways within the IMS structure. Because of its wide diversity and site needs, the IMS structure will vary with the response. The Hazmat Team can work as a Group or a Branch Organization. In some unique situations even a single resource might be appropriate.  With a Level 3 and some Level 2 responses, the Hazmat Team can employ a branch structure.  The Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor's radio call sign is “Hazmat”  The Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor will be subordinate to the Operations Chief or the Incident Commander, depending upon the structure used.  The Hazmat Officer directing the Hazmat operations in a Branch structure will be the Hazmat Branch Director  When using the Group structure, the Hazmat officer will be the Hazmat Supervisor.  The Hazmat Branch Director/ Group Supervisor is a manager and should focus on making tactical decisions based on the IC's Strategic goals to fulfill the incidents action plan.  The Hazmat Branch Director/ Group Supervisor should always stay at the “Hazmat Command Post” to direct the Hazmat operations and coordinate with the Operations Chief/Incident Commander.  The Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor is responsible for completion of the site safety and health plan.  The Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor sets the tactical objectives for the Hazmat Intervention Group (see figure 2) within the teams training and their equipment limitations. The tactical objectives are only developed after a briefing from the Operations Chief or Incident Commander, depending on the existing organizational structure. Tactical Objectives  Establish Site Control (ZONES)  Draw a map showing all the components  Deny Access to the support zones. listed below and send to the IC/OP  Receive Goals from the IC  IDLH conditions  Address Tactical Objectives for each team.  Area of refuge  Appoint a Hazmat Safety Officer.  Routes of Teams  Assess the personnel in the Area of  Exclusion Zone Refuge.  Position of back up team  Assess need for Basic Decon to  Appoint an Intervention Leader. continue.  Insure all personnel that are going  Appoint a Decon Officer. into suits are trained.  Complete Decon site.  Adequate manpower for entry.  Appoint a Science Officer.  Appoint an EMS Leader.  Obtain the latest weather  Complete the medical surveillance. information.  Use the Hazmat call list to insure proper  Gather Product Information. authorities are notified.  Complete the Site Safety plan and turn it in to the IC.

All operations in the hot zone should be relayed and discussed with the Operations Chief or Incident Commander to insure their tactical goals are being met. The Operations Chief or Incident Commander will only be briefed by the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor or his designee. (Preferably personnel from the Hazmat Team)

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 42 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Hazmat Director/Supervisor - continued The immediate concern of the Hazmat Director/Supervisor is the safety of the responders at the site. To do this the Hazmat Director/Supervisor shall, upon arrival to a potential Hazmat incident, complete the following check list. (This must be done before an entry team may be “sent in”.) All “Forms” Site Safety Plans, Site Map, Hazmat Director’s Check Sheet, Product Data Sheet, Medical Surveillance Forms and any others that are used at an incident will be saved and filed with the Hazmat Team for Follow Up and Critique. The Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor has a staff similar to the Command staff of the IC's and consists of the Hazmat Safety Officer. In a Branch structure, the Hazmat Branch Director may have up to five groups under its direction: NOTE: Figure 2 only shows five groups. This allows for the Hazmat Director some room to modify the branch to meet his needs.

Figure 2

It is the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor's responsibility to insure the proper information is received from the property owner and any local, state or government agencies.

Proper information: Owner Proper information: Agencies  Site Plan  What can be released  Employee Head  What is an excepted count practice  MSDS or location  Proper Decon procedures of MSDS  Recommendations on  Building floor evacuations plan  Clean-up company name  On site Specialist

Hazmat Safety Officer The Hazmat Safety Officer's radio call sign is “Hazmat Safety”.  The Hazmat Safety Officer is part of the Hazmat Branch/Group.  The Hazmat Safety Officer is subordinate to the Incident Safety Officer, and coordinates with the Hazmat Branch but has certain responsibilities that may circumvent the normal chain of command.  The Safety Officer shall confer with the Hazmat Safety Officer to identify the on-site hazards and risks to relay this information to the IC.  The Hazmat Safety Officer reports safety-related activities directly relating to the Hazmat Operations (as Mandated by 29 CFR 1910.120 and NFPA 472) to the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor and Incident Safety Officer.

Safety-related issued include:  Improper PPE  Decontamination  Zones  Improper Monitoring breaking down  PPE Decontamination

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 43 of 68  Improper Dressing

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 44 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Hazmat Safety Officer - continued  The Hazmat Safety Officer has complete control of the Hazmat site where safety is concerned. The Safety Officer can stop all tactical operations when safety is being compromised. The safety problem would need to be remedied prior to the continuance of that tactical operation.  The Hazmat Safety Officer will need to have a high level of knowledge of Hazmat work and concepts because he/she will have to anticipate safety hazards of the Entry team.  The Hazmat Safety Officer's prime responsibility is the safety of the Entry team entering the hot zone/exclusion zone. This includes suit compatibilities, stay times, air supply and safe procedures while in the hot zone.  The information received from the entry team should be directed to the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor for evaluation.  It is not the Hazmat Safety Officer's job to make tactical decisions or set goals or objectives. It is the Hazmat Safety Officer's responsibility to ensure that the tactical objectives used are addressed in a safe manner.

Science Group

Information Gathering Gathering information covered in 29 CFR 1910.120 (c) (4), states “Gather Information Before Site Entry” Note: This can also be found in NFPA 472.

Among the various requirements for site evaluation are those for information to be gathered regarding the:  pathways for hazardous substance dispersion  status and capability of emergency response teams.

These procedural requirements will result in an increased ability to predict and prevent movement off site of hazardous materials, will mitigate emergency situations quickly and effectively, and will reduce the possibility or severity of contaminant release. The Hazmat Science Group, led by the Science Officer, fills the needs for materials and information that is on site for the Hazmat Team.

Science Officer The Science Officer is used to research all forms of data, and to submit it for the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor to examine before making any decisions. The Science Officer shall make a recommendation to the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor and Safety Officer of the PPE to be used for all personnel at the site, responders, recon teams, entry teams, decon teams, etc.

Weather Officer The Weather Officer will contact local authorities/agencies, possibly even the National Weather Service, to get the most complete and updated weather reports and forecasts. It is very important to obtain and keep up with all the weather conditions.

Hazmat Dressing Officer The Hazmat Dressing Officer is responsible for the setting up and dressing the entry, recon and decon teams on the site of a hazardous materials incident.

Hazmat Resource Officer The Hazmat Resource Officer will work with the resources on hand of the Hazmat Team. The Hazmat Resource Officer will keep an inventory of equipment used and equipment in reserve. The Hazmat Resource Officer works with the Hazmat Branch Director to project the needs of the Hazmat branch. The Hazmat Resource Officer will be working closely with the Dressing Officer and Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor. It is his/her job to anticipate and fulfill their needs.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 45 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Decontamination Group/Team  The Decontamination Group/Team is led by the Decon Officer.  The Decon Officer's radio call sign is “Decon”  The Decon Officer is the Decon Group Supervisor under the Branch Director or Team Leader under the Group Supervisor.  In a small incident, the Decon Officer may also be the Entry/Exit Monitor.  The Decontamination Officer's responsibilities are as follows:  To assure the proper decon level is used.  To assure the proper procedures are used by the team. . Solutions . Wash/rinse . Adequate manpower . The proper PPE for Decon Team  To assure Entry/Exit Monitor established and briefed. The “Decontamination Area” in the “Decontamination Corridor” will be established before any “Personnel” are allowed to enter the Hot/Exclusion Zone.

Entry/Exit Monitor  The Entry/Exit Monitor's radio call sign is “Entry/Exit”  The Entry/Exit Monitor's prime responsibility is the logging of all personnel entering the warm/hot zone including decon team personnel.  This documentation will be used in confirming stay times (on air time) and work times (time in zone doing work) for entry and decon personnel and in filling out their Exposure Reports.  The Entry/Exit Monitor will ensure that Decon is established before entry is made.  A secondary job is to ensure the decon personnel are properly washing and rinsing entry personnel. If he/she feels something was missed during the washing and rinsing, the Entry/Exit Monitor would have the team member go back through a decon procedure.  Once the team member enters the actual decon area, they are the sole responsibility of, and under the guidance of, the Entry/Exit Monitor/Decon Officer. It is his/her responsibility to supervise the safe handling of personnel within the decon area.

Hazmat Science Group  The Hazmat Science Group is led by the Science Officer.  The Science Officer's Radio call sign is “Science”  The Hazmat Science Group is responsible for gathering information for the Hazmat Organization, the need for information (product, container, outside resources, etc) and equipment (PPE, monitors, tools, etc.)

Science Officer  The Science Officer is used to research all forms of data, and to submit it for the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor to peruse.  The Science Officer's research should not be limited to product information. The research should also include weather, (present and future) product ownership, and maps (conventional, aerial and topographical). Product information can be found by using libraries, computers, fax, telephone, radio and courier. The other forms of data will need to be obtained through local agencies.  The Science Officer may have several persons working under him/her, each dealing with information to be given to the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor's for analysis.

Weather Officer  When the incident is in the Branch Structure, “Weather” would transfer from the Planning Section to the Hazmat Organization and be subordinate to the Hazmat Science Officer.  The Weather Officer's radio call sign is “Weather”  The Weather Officer will contact local authorities/agencies, possibly even the National Weather Service, to get the most complete and updated weather reports and forecasts. It is very important to obtain and keep up with all the weather conditions.  Weather conditions can have a great influence on product reaction and direction of the product.  It is important to get the most accurate weather information closest to the site as possible. This responsibility on a large incident can be very time-consuming. Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 46 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Hazmat Resource Officer  The Hazmat Resource Officer will work with the resources on hand of the Hazmat Team.  The Hazmat Resource Officer's radio call sign is “Hazmat Resource”.  The Hazmat Resource Officer will keep an inventory of equipment used and equipment in reserve.  The Hazmat Resource Officer works with the logistics branch to project the needs of the Hazmat branch.  The Hazmat Resource Officer will be working closely with the Dressing Officer and Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor. It is his/her job to anticipate and fulfill their needs.

Intervention Group  The Intervention Group is led by the Intervention Group Supervisor/Team Leader.  The Intervention Group Officer's radio call sign is “Intervention”  The Intervention Group Supervisor/Team Leader should be in constant contact with the Entry Team to insure their objectives are being addressed, within the training limits of the Entry Team.  The Intervention Group Supervisor/Team Leader's experience and knowledge is needed to anticipate the “Entry Team's” needs and the ever changing conditions, with their safety in mind.  The information received from the entry team should be directed to the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor for evaluation.  The Intervention Group is the group that will be taking action to intervene in the situation for a positive outcome, whether offensive or defensive, (This could be any thing from an Entry Team to defensive “Spill Control Team”) as long as they are working within their Training and action plans.

Dressing Officer  The Dressing Officer is responsible for the proper dressing and outfitting of the Entry Team and Decon Teams.  The Dressing Officer's radio call sign is “Dressing”  The Entry or Decon teams will be made up, dressed and briefed at the dressing station.  The Dressing Officer will have at least one crew, depending upon the needs of the unit, to assist in dressing teams in a timely manner. His responsibility is to insure proper dressing techniques are used for the appropriate PPE/CPE.  The Dressing Officer will be briefed by the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor on how many people will be needed for each team. The Resource Officer will be contacted about what is on hand and what will be needed from outside sources.  It is very possible each team will be wearing a different PPE.

Entry Team  The Entry team consists of the personnel that enter the Hot/Exclusion Zone to accomplish the Tactical Objectives.

Backup Team  The Backup Team is the safety team that will extract the entry team in an emergency. (“Buddy System”)  Backup Team is always in place and ready whenever there is an Entry Team in the Hot Zone.

The backup team is mandatory, in compliance with the “Buddy System” according to 29 CFR 1910.120/40 CFR 311

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 47 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Hazmat Medical Group/Team  The Hazmat Medical Group/Team is lead by the Hazmat Medical Officer.  The Hazmat Medical Officer's radio call sign is “Hazmat Medic”.  The Hazmat Medical Group/Team is responsible for medical surveillance both pre and post entry. This team may be Fire Department personnel and/or EMS personnel.  Hazmat Medical Group/Team members will be found in the Dressing area and the Rehabilitation area.  Hazmat Medical Officer shall be a person with at least Operations Level training, and a defibrillator- trained EMT or First Responder. The Hazmat Medical Officer is to insure that the Hazmat Teams medical surveillance needs are fulfilled.  The Hazmat Medical Officer is to insure that a medical surveillance Form is filled out on each Entry team Member. Hazmat Rehabilitation Officer  The Hazmat Rehabilitation Officer is subordinate to the Decon Officer and on the same level as the Entry/Exit Monitor.  The Hazmat Rehabilitation Officer's radio call sign is “Rehab”  The Hazmat Rehabilitation Officer has the responsibility of overseeing the rehabilitation area. Depending upon the size of incident, the Hazmat Rehabilitation area would be a single resource or a crew level in the IMS program.  This area will observe all personnel leaving the hot zone. This area is only for the personnel who have been in the hot zone or decon area. This is not a rehabilitation area for the entire team or staging area.  This area will have a Hazmat Medical Group/Team who will conduct “post medical surveillance, Cooling, and Rehydration,” on the personnel in this area. They will not be able to have anything to eat or drink unless the Hazmat Medical personnel approve it.  This is the area that Hazmat Medical personnel will make determinations on the status of the team members based on the post medical surveillance. They will make the determination on whether or not they will be available for re-entry or will be out of service.  Their findings should be turned in to the Hazmat Branch Director/Group Supervisor via the Hazmat Safety Officer, and Intervention Group Supervisor/Team Leader. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Emergency Medical Services are under the direction of the Incident Commander at a hazmat incident. It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander to insure the safety of EMS personnel.  No EMS personnel shall be permitted to come in contact with a victim of a hazmat incident until Emergency Decon has been performed (a minimum of a 60 second flush).  This 60 second flush would be used on all personnel even with life threatening injures.  The EMS unit would under no circumstances enter any area beyond the Decon site. (Unless trained to 29 CFR 1910.120 (q) (6) (iii) or (iv)).  The Supervisor of the EMS Unit would be notified of the victims suspected product of contamination. The supervisor would also be provided with all information/data available. (This will allow the EMS personnel to do any reconfiguration of their transport unit when needed.)  The information given to the EMS personnel will also be given to the Incident Commander by radio and/or in a written form.  All EMS personnel used at a hazmat incident shall be trained according to 29 CFR 1910.120 (q) (6) (i) or (ii)  The Incident Commander shall insure, through the EMS agency representative, that their employees have been properly trained as above stated. The Fire Department shall to furnish the examining physician with the following documents:  A copy of OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.120 and it's appendices  A description of those employees’ duties as they relate to chemical exposure.  The employees’ exposure levels or anticipated exposure levels.  A description of the personal protective equipment used by the employee.  Information from previous medical examinations which the examining physician may not have available.  OSHA also recommends that a copy of Chapter 5 from “Occupational and Safety Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste site Activities,” which deals with the establishment of a medical surveillance program, be supplied to the physician. This publication is available through the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 48 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Emergency Medical Services (EMS) - continued The physician, upon reviewing the information provided, shall develop a comprehensive medical examination for the type of activities for which the Hazmat Team personnel will be responsible and the types of chemicals that may be encountered. Fire Administration shall keep detailed records dealing with chemical exposure of personnel. This information shall be supplied to the examining physician at each employee's physical examination.

The physician is to report, in writing, to the employer:  Results of the Medical Examination and tests.  The Physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detectable medical conditions which would place him/her at risk.  The physician's recommended limitations upon the employee's work assignment.  A statement that the employee has been informed, by the physician, of the results of the medical examination and any medical conditions requiring further examination or treatment.  The written opinion given to the employer shall not reveal specific findings or diagnosis not related to occupational exposures.  The Oklahoma City Fire Department shall provide the employee with a copy of this written statement.

Records of the results of the employee's medical information are to be retained according to regulations established by OSHA.

These records shall include at least the following information:  The name and social security number of the employee.  Physician's written opinions, recommended limitations and results of examinations and tests.  Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to hazardous materials or substances.  A copy of the information provided to the physician, which the physician used in determining the requirements of the physical, with the exception of this standard and appendices.

All of these records shall be kept on file by the Department for 30 years after the employee leaves the job. The Special Operations Office shall endeavor to keep the records in serviceable order by seeking to archive the information on non-acid paper, optical (computer) storage, microfiche, or other long lasting medium. In order to prevent disaster from destroying records, records shall be stored in at least two places physically distant from each other, preferably in separate communities.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 49 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - EVACUATION PROCEDURES Evacuation Area Evacuation is considered long term, Hours or Days.

Suggested distances for evacuation will follow guidelines set forth in the DOT (Department of Transportation) North American Emergency Response Guidebook.  The worst case scenario should always be used. It is better to evacuate too large an area rather than too small an area.

Isolation is the immediate removal of all persons from an area of danger. Isolation covers all personnel (Fire Department, Police Department, EMS, Inspectors). The Intervention Group is the only exception. When unsure, isolate 500 feet in all directions.

Shelter in place Depending on the nature of the materials involved and the protective features of the structure, it may be best to advise people to stay indoors.  Control all ignition sources  Close all openings to the outside  Shut down heating, ventilation, any air-handling equipment  Inform all occupants to take cover deep in the structure until the all-clear signal is given. (radio, siren, air horn, personal notification)  Examples of structures: Hospitals, schools, detention facilities and medium to high-rise buildings.

Zones The distance between zones and the shape of zones has to be based on conditions specific to each site.

Assure that the distances between zone boundaries are large enough to allow room for:  Necessary operations  Adequate distance to prevent the spread of contaminants  Adequate distance to eliminate the possibility of injury due to explosions.

The following criteria should be considered in establishing area dimensions and boundaries:  Weather conditions (current & forecast)  Air monitoring and sampling.  Air dispersion calculations.  Physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics of the substance.  Potential for fire or explosion.  Physical and topographical features of the site.  Proximity to residential or industrial areas.  Clean-up activities required.

Hot Zone This area is of high risk from the hazard of the product involved. The Exclusion Zone is inside the Hot Zone.

Exclusion Zone The innermost area where contamination does or could occur.  All people entering the Exclusion Zone must wear prescribed levels of protection.  Entry and exit check points must be established at the periphery of the Hot Zone.  This regulates the flow of personnel and equipment into and out of the zone and to verify that the procedures established to enter and exit are followed.

Warm Zone Provides a transition between contaminated and clean zones.  Initially, this zone is considered a non-contaminated area.  The contamination reduction corridor (Decon) will be located in this zone.  All people entering the Contamination Reduction Zone must wear the prescribed levels of protection.  All contaminated equipment will stay in this zone.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 50 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM – HAZMAT POSITIONS - continued Zones - continued Cold Zone The outermost part of the site and is considered a non-contaminated area. The Cold Zone is a protected area (from bystanders) and it contains the Support Zone, Staging, IC, EMS, and any agency, that is rendering aid.  Support equipment, Hazmat Command Post and authorized response personnel are located in the area.  Normal work clothes are appropriate within this zone.

IC Area This is a protected area in the cold zone.  Support equipment, for the Incident Command post and only authorized response personnel are located in this zone.  Normal work clothes are appropriate within this zone.

NOTE: The Control Zone/Line, Basic Decon and the Area of Refuge are established by the First In Companies. The Hot, Warm and Cold Zones are established by the Hazmat Unit after site monitoring with air monitors has been completed. Site Control Zones

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 51 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES Responsibilities The Incident Commander shall appoint a decontamination team leader, whose job it shall be to execute the procedures outlined herein. The prime objective of the decontamination team leader is to avoid the contamination of anyone or anything beyond the decontamination corridor. The decontamination area will be established within the Contamination Reduction (Warm) Zone. Personnel shall not be allowed to leave the decontamination area without permission from the Decon Team leader. The Decontamination Zone will provide a corridor leading away from the source of contamination toward the Exit, with stations along the way for the deposit of tools, equipment, protective clothing and other items. Monitoring personnel and equipment will be appropriately placed along the path. A person traveling along the path will experience a decreasing level of contamination along the way. Specific decontamination procedures shall be adopted to meet the requirements of the incident at hand. Decontamination is the process of rendering personnel, equipment and supplies safe by eliminating harmful substances. Techniques  Dilution  Chemical Degradation  Absorption  Isolation Decontamination Checklist The Decontamination Checklist shall be used during decontamination operations and shall include provision for removal, identification and secure storage of non-essential private items (rings, watches, wallets, jewelry etc.) from entry team members. Step 1- Establish an Entry Point  An entry point to the decontamination corridor shall be established.  The entry point should be easily visible for Hazmat Team members wearing Personal Protective Gear.  Any tools that might be needed by personnel in the Exclusion (Hot) Zone should be left at the entrance to the decontamination area. Step 2- Primary Decontamination  The objective here is the removal of as much solid or liquid contaminant as possible from contaminated persons. Protective clothing and SCBA are left on.  Decontamination personnel shall place as much distance between themselves and the contaminated personnel as possible.  Overspray shall be minimized, through use of low pressures, and all runoff shall be contained.  When working with Class 6.1 Poisons and Class 6.2 Infectious Substances, all Decon Crews shall wear SCBA and be wearing a level of protection equal to those being decontaminated.  All Decon Crew members will undergo decontamination, with the last team member washing themselves. Step 3- SCBA Removal  Contaminated SCBA should be removed for thorough decontamination at a later time. These units should be placed in individual plastic bags, or on a tarpaulin for later bagging.  When Hazmat Team personnel are to re-enter the Exclusion (Hot) Zone during low-risk operations, it will be acceptable to just change the SCBA bottle.  During high-risk operations, the entire SCBA shall be changed rather than merely the bottle. Decon crew members shall pass a clean and serviced unit over the isolation line to entry team members.  Adequate replacement SCBA units shall be on hand to replace all entry team units at least once. If Exclusion Zone operations exceeding 15 minutes are anticipated, more SCBA units should be requested.  If compressor units are utilized to recharge SCBA units in the field, the compressor shall be run at a sufficient distance, and in an appropriate spot, so as to eliminate the possibility of contaminated air entering the cylinders. Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 52 of 68  Decon Crew members shall not participate in the replacing of air cylinders.  All SCBA removed shall be logged by the Decon Leader and their location tracked.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 53 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES - continued Decontamination Checklist - continued Step 4- Removal and Isolation of Protective Clothing  Outside clothing removal is especially important for absorbent Structural Fire Fighting gear.  Contaminated coats helmets, turnouts, boots, gloves and other gear are to be placed in containers to isolate contaminants.  Plastic garbage bags provide adequate temporary protection. Bags should be sealed with tape and transported elsewhere for laundering.  When disposal is required, the bags should be placed in a properly marked recovery drum. Many pesticides have no practical detoxification technique. Incineration or burials at appropriate landfills may be the only alternative.  All protective clothing removed shall be logged and their location tracked by decontamination personnel. Step 5- Removal of Personal Clothing  Removal of all personal clothing, including undergarments and personal items shall be performed when necessary.  Items shall be bagged, labeled and laundered/disposed of, as appropriate.  All personal clothing removed shall be logged by decontamination personnel and their location tracked. Step 6- Decontaminating the Body  An overhead shower shall be used to provide water to personnel.  All runoff shall be contained.  Ample soap should be applied to all areas of the body, including the head and groin. Assistance can be provided when requested or appropriate.  Liquid surgical soap in squeeze bottles, sponges and brushes shall be provided. All cleaning items are to be bagged and marked for disposal.  Anyone wearing contact lenses should be re-evaluated for discomfort or irritation. The lenses should be removed and the eyes flushed with copious amounts of water if needed. Step 7- Drying Off and Providing Clean Clothing  Towels or sheets should be used to dry off. Each item is to be used once and placed in labels plastic bags for removal.  Disposable coveralls and/or hospital gowns and slippers shall be provided. Step 8- Medical Evaluation  After decontamination, personnel will be evaluated by EMS personnel. EMS personnel shall have access to base-line information for Hazmat Team personnel.  Vital signs will be noted for each person leaving the decontamination area, using the same type EMS worksheet used upon entry.  Any breaks in skin or open wounds will be immediately reported to EMS personnel. All open wounds will be cleaned at the scene.  The EMS section is to be alerted to all contamination hazards as soon as they become evident to incident command.  A personal exposure report is to be filled out by attending EMS personnel, with copies to the administration, station file and the examined individual. Step 9- Transportation  Whenever all nine steps are activated because of high-risk contaminants, contaminated personnel shall be taken to an appropriate hospital for further evaluation and monitoring. This additional attention may include blood tests, EKG, an overnight stay or other treatment as directed by the Emergency MD at the facility.  Documentation of regarding the treatment of each person shall be included in the termination activity report. Choice of vehicle for transport shall be based upon its ability to move all persons at one time, thus eliminating decontamination of many vehicles.  Life threatening emergencies shall be transported via EMS vehicle. This vehicle shall preferably be a back-up ambulance, so as not to decommission an on-line EMS vehicle.  Hazmat Team personnel shall take all reusable items and tag them with “decontamination in progress” tags. These items will be monitored by Hazmat Team personnel for 24 hours to ensure proper decontamination procedures are executed.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 54 of 68

HAZMAT TEAM - TERMINATING THE INCIDENT Post Emergency Response Operations This is the final stage of the incident. As the shipper, spiller, and/or owner are legally responsible for recovery and clean-up, the Oklahoma City Fire Department will not actively participate in this stage. This would place the city in the role of a clean-up company with all the laws and regulations applying. (b-o) The Incident Commander shall ensure the use of private clean-up contractors upon completion of the emergency of the site, or relinquish responsibility to the Health (state, city/county,) Department or DEQ as a means to terminate Oklahoma City Fire Department's involvement at an incident. The Oklahoma City Fire Department will not perform any action that may be interpreted as clean up operations, such as collecting, transporting or offering the product for transportation. It is recognized that there are situations where repositioning of the package or similar operations may be part of the stabilizing process, this will be the call of the Incident Commander and Hazmat Director. Incident termination will be conducted once stabilization of the emergency has occurred. The incident commander will seek the recommendation of the Hazmat Response Team and Hazmat Coordinator on proper termination of the incident. Debriefing of Personnel  Personnel shall be informed regarding what they may have been exposed to, and what the symptoms of this exposure may be. Log exposure levels and arrange for follow-up evaluations.  Equipment and apparatus exposure review- ensure that equipment and apparatus that is unfit for service is clearly marked and plans made for special cleaning or disposal. Personnel will be specifically assigned to laundering and decontamination efforts.  The incident historian will assign information gathering responsibilities to specific personnel (who will report to the incident historian) for later use in the post incident analysis.  Summary will be made of the activities of each sector. Identification will be made of problems needing follow-up and any legal or pressing safety, personal, equipment failures or potential legal problems. In depth analysis will be saved for the critique. Post Incident Analysis will look at:  Verification of shipping papers and /or MSDS's  Owner/operator information  Chemical hazard information from checklists, computer printouts etc.  Cassette tapes from the command post  Notes by sector officers and Incident Command staff  Photographs and sketches from recon  Records on levels of contamination or exposures from decontamination and EMS personnel  Incident reports  Incident command charts  Business cards or notes from agency, organization or company representatives.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 55 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - TERMINATING THE INCIDENT - continued Debriefing of Personnel - continued As soon as practical a chronological picture of the progress of the incident is to be constructed. Key responders should review the documentation to assure its accuracy. Once all available data has been gathered, four key topics should be discussed. Command and Control Was command established and sectors organized per SOP's? Did information flow from operations personnel through Sector officers to the Incident Commander? Were response objectives communicated to personnel expected to carry them out? Tactical Operations Were tactical options ordered by the IC implemented by personnel effectively? What worked? What failed? Resources Were the resources adequate to do the job? Are improvements needed to apparatus and/or equipment? Were personnel trained to do the job effectively? Support Services Were the support services received from other organizations adequate? What is required to bring support to the desired level?

Formal Incident Critique Session A formal incident critique session shall be held. This session shall include all of the personnel directly involved in the emergency, or a representative of the units involved. The atmosphere at the critique shall be one of helpfulness and positive effort. Accusatory or acrimonious behavior will not be tolerated.

Inventory A final inventory shall be conducted, to determine which items need replacement, repair or replacing.

Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 56 of 68 HAZMAT TEAM - APPENDIX Definitions

Acid Any chemical, which undergoes dissociation in water with the formation of hydrogen ions. Acids turn litmus paper red and have pH values of 0 to 6. They may cause severe skin burns. Acute Effect Adverse effect on a human or animal, which has severe symptoms developing rapidly and coming quickly to a crisis. Also see chronic effect. Acute Toxicity Acute effects resulting from a single dose of or exposure to a substance. Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals. ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists is an organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions that are employed in occupational safety and health programs. Adhesion A union of two surfaces that are normally separate. Aerosol A fine aerial suspension of particles sufficiently small in size to confer some degree of stability from sedimentation (for example: smoke or fog). Air Line Respirator A respirator that is connected to a compressed breathing air source by a hose of small inside diameter. The air is delivered continuously or intermittently in a sufficient volume to meet the wearer's breathing requirements. Air Purifying A respirator that uses chemical sorbents to remove specific gases and vapors from the Respirator air or that uses a mechanical filter to remove particulate matter. An air purifying respirator must only be used when there is sufficient oxygen to sustain life, and the air contaminant level is below the concentration limits of the device. Alkali The hydroxides and carbonates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. They neutralize acids, impart a soapy feel to aqueous solutions and are the commonest cause of occupational dermatitis. Approved Any personnel who have met the following requirements is considered to be an Respirator Wearer approved respirator wearer: (1) medical approval within the past 12 months; (2) quantitative fit test must be performed within 30 days of medical approval; and (3) annual training in the use and care of respiratory protective equipment. Area of Refuge This is an area inside the Control Zone/Line, and is out of DANGER in case the incident goes BAD. This is a safe area of refuge, but at the same time it will restrict the movement of possible contaminated persons in the area, firefighters included. After personnel or citizens are decontaminated they will wait there to be cleared by the Hazmat Unit. Base A water soluble compound capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt by releasing an un-shared pair of electrons to the acid or by receiving a proton from the acid. Basic Basic Decontamination is the immediate removal of contaminate from an employee Decontamination using a minimum 60 sec. flush with soap if available & water. Then take the affected Procedure people to the area of refuge. Biodegradable Capable of being broken down into individual components by the action of living things. Boiling Point The temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor state at a given pressure. The boiling point usually expressed in degrees Fahrenheit at sea level pressure (760mm Hg, or one atmosphere). For mixtures, the initial boiling point or the boiling range may be given. Flammable materials with low boiling points generally present special fire hazards. Some approximate boiling points:

Propane -44°F Gasoline 100°F Anhydrous Ammonia -28°F Allyl Chloride 113°F Butane 31°F Ethylene Glycol 387° F

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Definitions-continued

Bonding The interconnecting of two objects by means of a clamp and bare wire. Its purpose is to equalize the electrical potential between the objects to prevent a static discharge when transferring a flammable liquid from one container to another. The conductive path is provided by clamps, which make contact with the charged object and a low resistance flexible cable, which allows the charge to equalize. See Grounding. Bulk Density Mass of powdered or granulated solid material per unit of volume. Bulk Packaging LIQUIDS SOLIDS COMPRESSED GASES Internal volume Capacity of Water capacity of more than more than more than 119 gal 882 lbs 1001 pounds (120 water gal) . C Centigrade, a unit of temperature. C or Ceiling The maximum allowable human exposure limit for an airborne substance, which is not to be exceeded even momentarily. Also see PEL and TLV. CAA Clean Air Act was enacted to regulate/reduce air pollution. CAA is administered by EPA. Carcinogen A substance or agent capable of causing or producing cancer in mammals, including humans. A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if:  It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or  It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or  It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen. Carcinogenicity The ability to produce cancer. CAS Chemical Abstracts Service is an organization under the American Chemical Society. CAS abstracts and indexes chemical literature from all over the world in Chemical Abstracts. CAS Numbers are used to identify specific chemicals or mixtures. Caustic The hydroxides and carbonates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. They neutralize acids, impart a soapy feel to aqueous solutions and are the commonest cause of occupational dermatitis. CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980. The Act requires that the Coast Guard National Response Center be notified in the event of a hazardous substance release. The Act also provides for a fund (the Superfund) to be used for the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste disposal sites. CFR Code of Federal Regulations. A collection of the regulations that have been promulgated under United States law. Chemical Any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements and/or compounds where chemical(s) are or distributed. Chemical A respirator that uses various chemical substances to purify inhaled air of certain gases Cartridge and vapors. This type respirator is effective for concentrations no more than ten times Respirator the TLV of the contaminant, if the contaminant has warning properties (odor or irritation) below the TLV. Chemical Hygiene A written program which sets forth policy and procedures capable of protecting Plan employees from the health hazards associated with their workplace. Chemical Name The name given to a chemical in the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS). Chemical Family A group of single elements or compounds with a common general name. Example: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) are of the aldehyde family. Chemical Source The arrangement within the molecule of atoms and their chemical bonds.

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CHEMTREC Chemical Transportation Emergency Center is a national center established by the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) to relay pertinent emergency information concerning specific chemicals on requests from individuals. CHEMTREC has a 24-hour toll-free telephone number (800-424-9300) to help respond to chemical transportation emergencies. Chronic Effect An adverse effect on a human or animal body, with symptoms which develop slowly over a long period of time or which recur frequently. Also see acute. Chronic Exposure Long-term contact with a substance. Chronic Toxicity Adverse (chronic) effects resulting from repeated doses of or exposures to a substance over a relatively prolonged period of time. Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals. Clean Air Act Clean Air Act was enacted to regulate/reduce air pollution. CAA is administered by EPA. Clean Water Act Federal law enacted to regulate/reduce water pollution. CWA is administered by EPA. CO Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, flammable, and very toxic gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon. It is also a by-product of many chemical processes.

CO2 Carbon dioxide is a heavy, colorless gas, which is produced by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances and as a by-product of many chemical processes. Combustible A term used by NFPA, DOT, and others to classify certain liquids that will burn, on the basis of flash points. Both NFPA and DOT generally define combustible liquids as having a flash point of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher but below 200°F (93.3°C). Also see flammable. Non-liquid substances such as wood and paper are classified as ordinary combustibles by NFPA. Combustible Any liquid having a flashpoint at or above 100°F (37.8°C), but below 200°F (93.3°C), Liquid except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200°F (93.3°C) or higher, the total volume of which make up ninety-nine (99) percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. Common Name Any identification, such as code name, code number, trade name, brand name, or generic name, other than its chemical name, used to identify a chemical. Compressed Gas . A gas or mixture of gases in a container with an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 700°F; or exceeding 104 psi at 1300°F, regardless of the pressure at 700°F . A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100°F as determined by ASTM D-323-72. Concentration The relative amount of a substance when combined or mixed with other substances. Examples: 2 ppm hydrogen sulfide in air, or a 50 percent caustic solution. Confined Space Any area which has limited openings for entry and exit that would make escape difficult in an emergency, has a lack of ventilation, contains known and potential hazards, and is not intended nor designated for continuous human occupancy. Confinement Confinement is considered a defensive action. Examples are; building dikes or dams, Procedures and placing booms in the path of product flow. All of these procedures can and should be performed without coming in contact with the product. This means personnel properly outfitted and equipped can only perform this action. Container Any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. For purposes of material safety data sheets or HCS, pipes or piping systems are not considered to be containers. Containment Containment procedures are considered an offensive action. This is considered leak Procedures control, and the personnel doing this action will almost certainly will be in contact with the product. This means the personnel properly outfitted and equipped can only perform this action. Corridor This is the access point of the incident and there is only one for normal use, there may be other corridors that would be marked for an emergency.

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A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. For example, a chemical is considered to be corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method described by the U.S. Department of Transportation in Appendix A to 49 CFR Part 173, it destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the site of contact following an Corrosive exposure period of 4 hours. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces. Clean Water Act was enacted to regulate/reduce water pollution. It is administered by CWA EPA. Breakdown of a material or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, electrolysis, decay, Decomposition or other processes) into parts or elements or simpler compounds. The mass (weight) per unit volume of a substance. For example, lead is much more Density dense than aluminum. Once a zone is established, hot, warm, cold, support, control, isolation is enforced. No one is allowed access. This includes firefighters, property owners, outside agencies and, Denying Access the public. Dermal Relating to the skin. Adverse effects resulting from skin exposure to a substance. Ordinarily used to denote Dermal Toxicity effects in experimental animals. A barrier constructed to control or confine hazardous substances and prevent them from Dike entering sewers, ditches, streams, or other flowing waters. Dilution Air flow designed to dilute contaminants to acceptable levels. Also see general Ventilation ventilation or exhaust. DOL U.S. Department of Labor. OSHA and MSHA are part of DOL. DOT U.S. Department of Transportation. A powdered fire extinguishing agent usually composed of sodium bicarbonate, Dry Chemical potassium bicarbonate, etc. Environmental, mechanical, or structural factors that serve to encourage, facilitate, or complement safe and healthful behaviors in the workplace. Engineering controls work Engineering by removing the worker from the hazard or by removing the hazard from the work Controls environment (by using ventilation in particular). Environmental Information obtained as a result of conducting environmental testing designed to study Toxicity the effects on aquatic and plant life. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Epidemiology Science concerned with the study of disease in a general population. Determination of the incidence (rate of occurrence) and distribution of a particular disease (as by age, sex, or occupation), which may provide information about the cause of the disease. Evacuation Is considered a long-term action used to remove persons from a dangerous area, or potentially dangerous area. Evaporation Rate The rate at which a material will vaporize (evaporate) when compared to the known rate of vaporization of a standard material. The evaporation rate can be useful in evaluating the health and fire hazards of a material. The designated standard material is usually normal butyl acetate (NBUAC or n-BuAc), with a vaporization rate designated as 1.0. Vaporization rates of other solvents or materials are then classified as:  FAST-evaporating if greater than 3.0. Examples: Methyl Ethyl Ketone = 3.8, Acetone=5.6, Hexane = 8.3.  MEDIUM-evaporating if 0.8 to 3.0. Examples: 190 proof (95%) Ethyl Alcohol = 1.4 VM & P Naphtha = 1.4, MIBK = 1.6  SLOW-evaporating if less than 0.8. Examples: Xylene =0.6 Isobutyl Alcohol = 0.6 Normal Butyl Alcohol = 0.4 Water = 0.3 Mineral Spirits = 0.1. Explosive A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature. Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 60 of 68 Definitions-continued

Exposure or State of being open and vulnerable to a hazardous chemical in the course of Exposed employment by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, absorption, or any other course; includes potential (accidental or possible) exposure. Exposure Reports Employees have the legal right to complete an exposure report any time they come in contact with a hazardous substance. Extinguishing The fire fighting substance to be used to control a material in the event of a fire. It is Media usually named by its generic name, such as fog, foam, water, etc. Eye Protection Recommended safety glasses, chemical splash goggles, face shields, etc. to be utilized when handling a hazardous material. F Fahrenheit is a scale for measuring temperature. On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at 212°F and freezes at 32°F. Face Velocity Air velocity at the face opening required to retain contaminants in the hood or booth. FACOSH Federal Advisory Council for Occupational Safety and Health is a joint management FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FHCP Federal Hazard Communication Program. FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act requires that certain useful poisons, such as chemical pesticides, sold to the public contain labels that carry health hazard warnings to protect users. It is administered by EPA. First Aid Emergency measures to be taken when a person is suffering from overexposure to a hazardous material, before regular medical help can be obtained. Flammable A chemical that includes one of the following categories: Aerosol, flammable An aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening. Gas, flammable (1) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less; or (2) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit. Liquid, flammable Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of mixture. Solid, flammable A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A solid is a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one tenth of an inch per second along its major axis. Flashback Occurs when flame from a torch burns back into the tip, the torch, or the hose. It is often accompanied by a hissing or squealing sound with a smoky or sharp-pointed flame. Flashpoint The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite when tested by the following methods:  Tagliabue Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester, Z11.24 -1979 [ASTM D56-79]).  Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, Z11.7-1979 [ASTM D93-79]).  Setaflash Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester [ASTM D3278-78]).

Formula The scientific expression of the chemical composition of a material (e.g., water is H 20, sulfuric acid is H2SO4, sulfur dioxide is SO2). Fume A solid condensation particle of extremely small diameter commonly generated from molten metal as metal fume. g Gram is a metric unit of weight. One ounce U.S. (avoirdupois) is about 28.4 grams. Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 61 of 68 Definitions-continued

g/kg Grams per kilogram is an expression of dose used in oral and dermal toxicology testing to denote grams of a substance dosed per kilogram of animal body weight. Also see kg (kilogram). Grounding The procedure used to carry an electrical charge to ground through a conductive path. A typical ground may be connected directly to a conductive water pipe or to a grounding bus and ground rod. See bonding. Hand Protection Specific type of gloves or other hand protection required to prevent harmful exposure to hazardous materials. Hazard Warning Words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof presented on a label or other appropriate form to inform of the presence of various materials. Hazardous A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one Chemical study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in an exposed employee. This includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizes, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic (blood-forming) systems, and agents which can damage the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous membranes. Hazard Classes These Classes were designated by DOT to assist first responders in the identification of hazardous materials. Hazard Classes as defined by the Department of Transportation:  (Class 1) Explosives  (Class 2) Gases - Flammable and Nonflammable  (Class 3) Flammable Liquids  (Class 4) Flammable Solids and Pyrophorics  (Class 5) Oxidizers  (Class 6) Poisons  (Class 7) Radiation  (Class 8) Corrosives  (Class 9) ORM D and Wastes Hazardous (As defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation) These products are regulated by Material the DOT and some of them may be Hazardous Substance. In the case of a Hazardous Material that is also a Hazardous Substance, you would need to find the Reportable Quantity (RQ) which is listed in pounds in 49 CFR appendixes to Table 101. Hazardous Any substance designated under the Clean Water Act and the Comprehensive Substance Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as posing a threat to waterways and the environment when released. EPA CFR 40 Every chemical regulated by EPA as a hazardous substance and by DOT as a hazardous material. OSHA CFR 29 Hazmat Unit Is an organized group of employees, designated by the employer, who are expected to perform work to handle and control actual or potential leaks or spills of a hazardous substance requiring possible close approach to the substance. The team members perform responses to the release or potential release of hazardous substances for the purpose of control or stabilization of the incident. A Hazmat team is not a fire brigade nor is a typical fire brigade a Hazmat team; however, they may be a separate component of a fire brigade or fire department. HCS Hazard Communication Standard is an OSHA regulation issued under 29 CFR Part 1910.1200. Health Hazard A chemical for which there is significant evidence, based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term health hazard includes chemicals that are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, and neurotoxins, agents, that act on the hematopoietic system, and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Hepatotoxin A substance that causes injury to the liver.

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Highly Toxic A chemical falling within any of the following categories:  A chemical with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.  A chemical with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.  A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing 200 and 300 grams each. High Risk Experimental procedures involving the manipulation, handling or reaction of hazardous Operations chemicals where the potential for release of gas, vapor, or aerosol contamination is high. This category includes, but is not limited to: 1) rapid exothermic reactions 2) transfer of electrostatic powders 3) heating, mixing or transfer of volatile chemicals 4) pressurized operations where there is a potential for uncontrolled release 5) work involving aerosol generation. HMIS Hazardous Material Information System is a material safety data sheet file maintained by the Department of Defense and contains material safety data sheets and transportation data for products purchased by DOD and GSA. Also refers to the Hazardous Materials Identification System of the National Paint and Coatings Association system. Ignitable Capable of being set afire. IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health means an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects, or would interfere with an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. Impervious A material that does not allow another substance to pass through or penetrate it. Incompatible Materials that could cause dangerous reactions by direct contact with one another. Ingestion Taking in by the mouth. Inhalation Breathing in of a substance in the form of a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust. M Meter is a unit of length in the metric system. One meter is about 39 inches. m3 Cubic meter is a metric measure of volume, approximately 35.3 cubic feet or 1.3 cubic yards. mcg Microgram, one-millionth of a gram. Mechanical A powered device, such as a motor exhaust Mechanical Filter A respirator used to protect against airborne particulate matter like dusts, mists, metal Respirator fume, and smoke. Mechanical filter respirators do not provide protection against gases, vapors, or oxygen deficient atmospheres. Melting point The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state. Metabolism Physical and chemical processes taking place among the ions, atoms, and molecules of the body. mg Milligram is a metric unit of weight which is one mg/kg Milligrams of substance per kilogram of body weight is an expression of toxicological dose. mg/m3 Milligrams per cubic meter is a unit for expressing concentrations of dusts, gases, or mists in air. Micrometer A unit of length equal to one-millionth of a meter. Micron A unit of length equal to one-millionth of a meter or 1/23,000 of an inch. Mist Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state, or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state, such as splashing, foaming or atomizing. Mist is formed when a finely divided liquid is suspended in air. Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 63 of 68 Definitions-continued

Mixture Any combination of two or more chemicals if the combination is not, in whole or part, the result of a chemical reaction. ml Milliliter is a metric unit of capacity, equal in volume to 1 cubic centimeter (cc), or approximately one mmHg Millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg) is a unit of measurement for low pressures or partial vacuums. Molecular Weight mppcf Million particles per cubic foot is a unit for expressing concentration of particles of a substance suspended in air. Exposure limits for mineral dusts (silica, graphite, Portland cement, nuisance dusts, and others), formerly expressed as mppcf, are now more commonly expressed in mg/m3. Mutagen A substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell. N2 Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that will not burn and will not support combustion. The earth's atmosphere (air) is about 78 percent nitrogen. At higher concentrations, nitrogen can displace oxygen and become an asphyxiant. See Asphyxiant. Narcosis A state of stupor, unconsciousness, or arrested activity produced by the influence of narcotics or other chemicals. Nephrotoxin A substance that causes injury to the kidneys. Neurotoxin A material that affects the nerve cells and may produce emotional or behavioral abnormalities. Neutralize To eliminate potential hazards by inactivating strong acids, caustics, and oxidizers. For example, acids can be neutralized by adding an appropriate amount of caustic substance to the spill. NFPA National Fire Protection Association is an international membership organization which promotes/improves fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property by fire. ng nanogram, one-billionth of a gram. NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), among other activities, tests and certifies respiratory protective devices and air sampling detector tubes, recommends occupational exposure limits for various substances, and assists OSHA and MSHA in occupational safety and health investigations and research. Non-flammable Not easily ignited, or if ignited, not burning rapidly. Non-Sparking Tools made from beryllium-copper or aluminum-bronze greatly reduce the possibility Tools of igniting dusts, gases, or flammable vapors. Although these tools may emit some sparks when striking metal, the sparks have a low heat content and are not likely to ignite most flammable liquids. NPIRS National Pesticide Information Retrieval System is an automated data base operated by Purdue University containing information on EPA registered pesticides, including reference file material safety data sheets. NRC National Response Center is a notification center which must be called when significant oil or chemical spills or other environment Non-Bulk Packaging LIQUIDS SOLIDS COMPRESSED GASES Internal volume Capacity of Water capacity of Less than 882 lbs Less than 119 gal or less 1001 pounds (120 water gal) . NOx Oxides of nitrogen which are undesirable air pollutants. NOx emissions are regulated by EPA under the Clean Air Act. Odor A description of the smell of the substance. Odor Threshold The lowest concentration of a substance's vapor, in air, that can be smelled. Olfactory Relating to the sense of smell.

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OFAP Office of Federal Agency Programs is the organizational unit of OSHA which provides Federal agencies with guidance to develop and implement occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees. Oral Used in or taken into the body through the mouth. Oral Toxicity Adverse effects resulting from taking a substance into the body by mouth. Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals. Organic Peroxide An organic compound that contains the bivalent -0-0 structure and may be considered a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Overexposure Exposure to a hazardous material beyond the allowable exposure levels. Oxidation In a literal sense, oxidation is a reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen provided by an oxidizer or oxidizing agent. Oxidizer A chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire either by itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases. Oxidizing Agent A chemical or substance that brings about an oxidation reaction. The agent may (1) provide the oxygen to the substance being oxidized (in which case the agent has to be oxygen or contain oxygen), or (2) it may receive electrons being transferred from the substance undergoing transfer purposes, even though it contains no oxygen). oxidation (chlorine is a good oxidizing agent for electron PEL Permissible exposure limit is an exposure limit established by OSHA'S regulatory authority. It may be a time weighted average (TWA) limit or a maximum concentration exposure limit. Percent Volatile Percent volatile by volume is the percentage of a liquid or solid (by volume) that will evaporate at an ambient temperature of 70°F (unless some other temperature is specified). Examples: butane, gasoline, and paint thinner (mineral spirits) are 100 percent volatile; their individual evaporation rates vary, but, in time, each will evaporate completely. pH The symbol relating the hydrogen ion (H-) concentration to that of a given standard solution. A pH of 7 is neutral. Numbers increasing from 7 to 14 indicate greater alkalinity. Numbers decreasing from 7 to 0 indicate greater acidity. Physical Hazard Means a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, and organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. Poison, Class 2.3 A DOT term for extremely dangerous poison, poisonous gases or liquids that, in very small amounts, either as gas or as vapor of the liquid , mixed with air, are dangerous to life. Examples: phosgene, cyanogen, hydrocyanic acid, nitrogen peroxide. Poison, Class 6 A DOT term for liquid, solid, paste or semi-solid substances, other than Class A poisons or irritating materials, that are known (or presumed on the basis of animal tests) to be so toxic to humans that they are a hazard to health during transportation. Polymerization A chemical reaction in which one or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules. A hazardous polymerization is such a reaction that takes place at a rate that releases large amounts of energy. If hazardous polymerization can occur with a given material, the material safety data sheet usually will list conditions that could start the reaction and, since the material usually contains a polymerization inhibitor, the length of time during which the inhibitor will be effective. ppb Parts per billion is the concentration of a gas or vapor in air, parts (by volume) of the gas or vapor in a billion parts of air. Usually used to express extremely low concentrations of unusually toxic gases or vapors; also the concentration of a particular substance in a liquid or solid. ppm Parts per million is the concentration of a gas or vapor in air, parts (by volume) of the gas or vapor in a million parts of air; also the concentration of a particular in a liquid or solid.

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Proper Protective Operations Level firefighters of the Oklahoma City Fire Department have been issued Equipment PBI bunker gear. This gear is extremely limited in a Hazardous Material incident and should only be worn after it is classified as “Proper Protective Equipment” This determination will be conducted by a knowledgeable and qualified person of the HAZMAT Unit. psi Pounds per square inch (for material safety data sheet purposes) is the pressure a material exerts on the walls of a confining vessel or enclosure. For technical accuracy, pressure must be expressed as psig (pounds per square inch gauge) or psia (pounds per square inch absolute; that is, gauge pressure plus sea level atmospheric pressure, or psig plus approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch). Also see mmHg. Pulmonary Relating to, or associated with, the lungs. Pulmonary Edema Fluid in the lungs. Pyrophoric A chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 13°F (54.4°C) or below. RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act is environmental legislation aimed at controlling the generation, treating, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes. It is administered by EPA. Reaction A chemical transformation or change. The interaction of two or more substances to form new substances. Reactivity Chemical reaction with the release of energy. Undesirable effects, such as pressure buildup, temperature increase, and formation of noxious, toxic or corrosive by-products may occur because of the reactivity of a substance to heating burning, direct contact with other materials, or other conditions in use or in storage. Reducing agent In a reduction reaction (which always occurs simultaneously with an oxidation reaction) the reducing agent is the chemical or substance which (1) combines with oxygen or (2) loses electrons to the reaction. See oxidation. Reproductive A chemical which affects the reproductive system and may produce chromosomal Toxin damage (mutation) and/or adverse effects on the fetus (teratogenesis). For the purposes of this guidance, any chemical with a mutagenic or teratogenic quotation in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) shall be considered a reproductive hazard. Respiratory Devices that will protect the wearer's respiratory system from overexposure by protection inhalation to airborne contaminants. Respiratory protection is used when a worker must work in an area where he/she might be exposed to concentration in excess of the allowable exposure limit. Respiratory The breathing system that includes the lungs and the air passages (trachea or windpipe, system larynx, mouth, and nose) to the air outside the body, plus the associated nervous and circulatory supply. Routes of Entry The means by which a material may gain access to the body, for example, inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Self-Contained A respiratory protection device that consists of a supply or a means of respirable air, Breathing oxygen, or oxygen-generating material, carried by the wearer. Apparatus Sensitizer A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical. Skin A notation (sometimes used with PEL or TLV exposure data) which indicates that the stated substance may be absorbed by the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes either airborne or by direct contact and that this additional exposure must be considered part of the total exposure to avoid exceeding the PEL or TLV for that substance. Skin Absorption Ability of some hazardous chemicals to pass directly through the skin and enter the bloodstream. SOx Oxides of sulfur. Solubility in water A term expressing the percentage of a material (by weight) that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature. Solubility information can be useful in determining spill cleanup methods and re-extinguishing agents and methods for a material. Solvent A substance, usually a liquid, in which other substances are dissolved. The most common solvent is water. Format Property of FireNotes, Inc® (OCFD.com) DO NOT DUPLICATE Last Revised: 7/18/2013 2:12:00 AM BOOK: Operations II SOP Book SECTION: HazMat Manual Pg 66 of 68 Definitions-continued

Specific Chemical The chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, or any Identity precise chemical designation of a substance. Specific Gravity The weight of a material compared to the weight of an equal volume of water is an expression of the density (or heaviness) of a material. Insoluble materials with specific gravity of less than 1.0 will float in (or on) water. Insoluble materials with specific gravity greater than 1.0 will sink in water. Most (but not all) flammable liquids have specific gravity less than 1.0 and, if not soluble, will float on water, which is an important consideration for fire suppression. Spill or Leak The methods, equipment, and precautions that should be used to control or clean up a Procedu res leak or spill. Splash Proof Eye protection made of a noncorrosive material that fits snugly against the face, and has Goggles indirect ventilation ports. Spontaneously A material that ignites as a result of retained heat from processing, or which will oxidize Combustible to generate heat and ignite, or which absorbs moisture to generate heat and ignite. Spotting Spotting of a rig at the site of a hazmat incident should be of such that the rig is uphill, upwind and FACING a route of egress. Stability The ability of a material to remain unchanged. For material safety data sheet purposes, a material is stable if it remains in the same form under expected and reasonable conditions of storage or use. Conditions which may cause instability (dangerous change) are stated; for example, temperatures above 150°F; shock from dropping. STEL Short Term Exposure Limit (ACGIH terminology). See TLV. Supplied Air Air line respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus. Respirators Systemic Poison A poison which spreads throughout the body, affecting all body systems and organs. Its adverse effect is not localized in one spot or area. Systemic Toxicity Adverse effects caused by a substance which affects the body in a general rather than local manner. Synonym Another name or names by which a material is known. Methyl alcohol, for example, is known as methanol or wood alcohol. Target Organ The following is a listing of target organs, toxicants specific for these organs, and some Effects of the toxic effects produced by these agents. These examples are presented to illustrate the diversity of hazards employers must consider in the workplace and are not intended as a complete listing of such agents and their target organs. ORGAN TOXICANT EFFECTS Blood Carbon monoxide; Cyanides Cyanosis; Loss of consciousness Dermis Ketones; Chlorinated compounds Rashes; Defatting of skin Eyes Organic solvents; Acids Conjunctivitus; Corneal damage Halogenated hydrocarbons; Kidney Edema; Proteinuria Uranium Carbon tetrachloride; Liver Jaundice; Liver enlargement Nitrosamines Lung Silica; Asbestos Cough; Shortness of breath Gonads Lead; DBCP Birth defects; Sterility . Target Organ A toxic substance that attacks a specific organ of the body. For example, overexposure Toxin to carbon tetrachloride can cause liver damage. TCL Toxic concentration low. Lowest concentration of a gas or vapor capable of producing a defined toxic effect in a specified test species over a specified time. TDL Toxic dose low. Lowest administered dose of a material capable of producing a defined toxic effect in a specified test species. Temp Temperature. Teratogen A substance or agent, exposure to which by a pregnant female can result in malformations in the fetus. Tfx Toxic effect(s).

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TLV Threshold Limit Value is a term used by ACGIH to express the airborne concentration of material to which nearly all persons can be exposed day after day without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLVs in three ways: 1) TLV-TWA: The allowable Time Weighted Average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour workweek. 2) TLV-STEL: The Short-Term Exposure Limit, or maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute exposure period (maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods, and provided the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded). 3) TLV-C: The ceiling exposure limit, the concentration that should not be exceeded even instantaneously.

TOC TAG Open Cup. See flashpoint. Torr A unit of pressure, equal to 1/760 atmosphere. Toxic A chemical falling within any of the following categories:  A chemical with a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.  A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.  A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. Toxic Substance Any substance which can cause acute or chronic injury to the human body, or which is suspected of being able to cause diseases or injury under some conditions. Toxicant Any substance producing a toxic effect. Toxicity The sum of adverse effects resulting from exposure to a material, generally by the mouth, skin, or respiratory tract. Trade Name The trademark name or commercial trade name for a material or product. TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act (Federal Environmental Legislation administered by EPA) regulates the manufacture, handling, and use of materials classified as toxic substances. TWA Time-Weighted Average exposure is the airborne concentration of a material to which a person is exposed, averaged over the total exposure time, generally the total workday (8 hours). Also see TLV. UEL or UFL Upper explosive limit or upper flammable limit of a vapor or gas; the highest concentration (highest percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source (heat, arc, or flame) is present. At higher concentrations, the mixture is too rich to burn. Also see LEL. Unstable Tending toward decomposition or other unwanted chemical change during normal handling or storage. Unstable Reactive A chemical that, in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure, or temperature. USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture. Vapor The gaseous form of a solid or liquid substance as it evaporates.

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Vapor density The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of air is an expression of the density of the vapor or gas. Materials lighter than air have vapor densities less than 1.0 (examples: acetylene, methane, hydrogen). Materials heavier than air (examples: propane, hydrogen sulfide, ethane, butane, chlorine, sulfur dioxide) have vapor densities greater than 1.0. All vapors and gases will mix with air, but the lighter materials will tend to rise and dissipate (unless confined). Heavier vapors and gases are likely to concentrate in low places along or under floors, in sumps, sewers, and manholes, in trenches and ditches where they may create fire or health hazards. Vapor pressure The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container. When quality control tests are performed on products, the test temperature is usually 100°F, and the vapor pressure is expressed as pounds per square inch (psig or psia), but vapor pressures reported on material safety data sheets are in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at 68F (20°C), unless stated otherwise. Three facts are important to remember: 1) Vapor pressure of a substance at 100°F will always be higher than the vapor pressure of the substance at 68°F (20°C). 2) Vapor pressures reported on material safety data sheets in mmHg are usually very low pressures; 760 mm Hg is equivalent to 14.7 pounds per square inch. 3) The lower the boiling point of a substance, the higher its vapor pressure. Vermiculite Expanded mica (hydrated magnesium-aluminum-iron silicate) used as sorbent for spill control and cleanup. Volatility A measure of how quickly a substance forms a vapor at ordinary temperatures. Viscosity The tendency of a fluid to resist internal flow without regard to its density. Water Disposal Proper disposal methods for contaminated material, recovered liquids or solids, and Methods their containers. Water-Reactive A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard. Zones Zones are protected areas of different degrees: An IDLH condition, a place of great contamination danger. After Exclusion being in the Exclusion zone Decon is absolutely necessary. Hot The area that protects the Exclusion zone, an area to protect This is the decontamination zone; this is zone that the Decon Team Warm from the Hazmat Unit will be working in. This is the area that the Command Post, the Hazmat Task Force and Support all other units that are in the support mode. This area can be located in the Cold Zone. This is the area where the support zone is located in. This zone is a Cold protected area. This is also the zone in which the Incident Command Post is located. This is the zone/line that is established by the first company on the Control scene. Beyond this line, all access is denied. .

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