Earth Science Final Exam s1

Name: ______Period: ______Earth Science Final Exam Multiple Choice

Astronomy _____1. ______means sun-centered universe. a) Geocentric model c) sun spots b) Nuclear fusion d) Heliocentric model _____2. An imaginary line that runs through the earth at the poles is called a) the equator c) the axis b) the equinox d) the solstice _____ 3. As the moon phases move from full to new, is it a) eclipsing c) waxing b) waning d)rotating _____4. How long does it take for the earth to revolve around the sun? a) 365 ¼ days c) 3 years b) 27.3 days d) 30 days _____5. When the sun is blocked from view it is a ______a) lunar eclipse c) summer solstice b) solar eclipse d) winter solstice _____6. The length of a star’s life depends on its ______. a) Color c) Inertia b) Mass d) Supernova _____7. What are the 2 most abundant elements in the universe? a) Carbon and Oxygen c) Hydrogen and Oxygen b) Oxygen and Nitrogen d) Hydrogen and Helium _____8. What burns up in the mesosphere? a) Meteors b) Asteroids c) Comets _____9. What separates the inner planets and the outer planets? a) Comets b) Meteors c) Asteroids

Atmosphere and Weather

_____10. What causes Earth’s seasons? a) how far earth is from the sun c) the tilt of earth on its axis b) the moon’s pull on earth d) whether there is snow, rain or sunny weather _____11. Choose the option that lists the layers of the atmosphere in the correct order. a) Troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere b) Stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere, and mesosphere c) Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere d) Troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and stratosphere _____12. Warm air rising from the equator and cold air sinking from the poles is an example of: a. conduction b. convection currents c. radiation _____13. Winds are caused by: a) the water cycle c) evaporation and condensation b) uneven heating of Earth’s surface d) phases of the moon _____14. What type of climate zone would be warm and humid? (Think air masses). a) Continental polar c) maritime tropical b) Maritime polar d) continental tropical _____15. What are the three types of global winds? a) Horse latitudes and trade winds b) Prevailing westerlies, polar easterlies and doldrums c) Prevailing westerlies, polar easterlies, and horse latitudes d) Prevailing westerlies, polar easterlies, and trade winds

_____16. Winds blow from areas of ______pressure to ______pressure. a) High to low b) Low to high _____17. Unequal heating of Earth’s surface at the beach during the day causes: a) Land breeze c) Currents b) Sea breeze d) Sand storms

Climate

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the map below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest area indicates where snowfall was heaviest.

Lake-Effect Snow

In late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produces lake-effect snow in New York State. When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the cold air. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere as snow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher land elevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As the lakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases. 1. What is the most likely two-letter air mass symbol for an air mass from Canada that produces lake-effect snow in New York State?

(1) mT (3) cT

(2) mP (4) cP

2. Which map shows the most likely direction that winds were moving across Lake Ontario to produce this lake-effect

snow? 3. The graph below shows the average monthly temperatures for two cities, A and B, which are both located at 41° north latitude. Which statement best explains the difference in the average yearly temperature range for the two cities?

1. City B is located in a different planetary wind belt. 2. City B receives less yearly precipitation. 3. City B has a greater yearly duration of insolation. 4. City B is located near a large body of water. 4. Which map shows the way weather moves over the united states?

a. b. c. d.

5. (a) Which layer of the atmosphere has the ozone layer?

______

(b) Why is the ozone layer important to us? ______

(d) What is green house effect/global warming? ______

6. What is Georgia’s Climate region? ______.

7. (a) What are the differences between El Niño and La Niña? 1.______2.______

3. ______.

(b) What are the impacts of La Niña over the United States. ______.

8. Fill in the blanks from the word bank:

(A)

Heating convection equator rises low wind poles pressure high temperature

______is horizontal movement of air caused by differences in air pressure. Most differences in air pressure are caused by differences in air ______. Differences in air temperatures is caused by uneven ______of the Earth. The warm air near the ______is not as dense as near the ______. Because it is less dense, the air at the equator ______. The cold air near the poles sinks, forming areas of ______pressure. The air

moves in large circular patterns called ______cells.

(B) Coriolis Effect left curved south straight right

“If the Earth were not rotating, winds would blow in a ______line due to differences in temperature and pressure at different latitudes. However, winds are deflected or ______due to Earth’s rotation. The apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s rotation is called the ______.” Winds gets deflected to the ______in the Northern Hemisphere and to the ______in the Southern Hemisphere.

9. Completely draw and label a sea breeze and land breeze. For each diagram, label: warmer, cooler, high and low pressure, air rising and sinking, air moving from High to Low.

______10. Which of the weather maps indicates bad weather in California?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Water Cycle and Water Pollution

_____ 18. When water vapor forms clouds by: a) Precipitation c) Accumulation b) Condensation d) Transpiration _____ 19. Water released from plants and trees during the water cycle is called: a) Precipitation c) Accumulation b) Condensation d) Transpiration _____20. What causes waves? a) Wind c) breaker b) Rain d) crest _____21. What causes tides? a) The gravitational pull of the moon c) Neap b) Spring d) Waves _____22. Isabella was at the beach at low tide at 6:00AM, because she is such a great earth science student, she knows the next low tide will be at about a) 6:00PM b) 12:00AM c) 12:00PM d) 6:00AM _____ 23. Which natural force causes wind and ocean currents to curve? a) Earthquake b) waves c) gravity d) coriolis effect _____ 24. A school bus leaking oil is an example of ______pollution: a) Air pollution c) Non-Point source b) Point source d) Water Pollution _____ 25. Water underground is stored in: a) Unsaturated c) Lake b) Aquifer d) Impermeable

THIS IS JUST A GUIDE!! YOU MUST STUDY ALL YOUR NOTES!!