Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9 Ancient Egypt Society and Culture

IN9.1d Compare two different societies studied including the attributes of leaders, the roles of various individuals, cultural traditions and ceremonies, and means of sustenance.

Name: ______

The Nile  This large river flows from ______north into the ______.

 Why is the Nile so important?

 Farmers first settled in Egypt along the River Nile around ______.

 About ______of Egypt's population still live in the Nile valley (the area next to the river).

 What is meant by "the gift of the Nile"?

 What is the difference between red land and black land? Red Land:

Black Land:

The creation of Egypt  Two separate kingdoms (ruled by different kings) developed along the Nile River.

 The kingdom in Upper Egypt was known as the ______. Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9  The kingdom in Lower Egypt was called the ______.

 In about 3200 BC the pharaoh of the north conquered the south and Egypt became united. The pharaoh's name was ______.

 Menes built a new capital city called ______. In the Greek language the word Memphis meant "Balance of the Two Lands."

Egyptian Mummies  It was very important to ancient Egyptian religious beliefs that the human body was preserved. A method of artificial preservation, called mummification was developed by the ancient Egyptians. Mummification was a complicated and lengthy process which lasted up to 70 days.

 What are mummies?

 Who were the mummies?

 Why did the Egyptians make mummies? Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9  What is the afterlife?

How were mummies made? 1. First the brain was taken out: the brain was taken out by sticking a hook up the nose until it grabbed the brain so that they could pull it out through the nostrils.

2. After the brain was taken out, the lungs, stomach, liver and intestines were taken out through an incision in the left side of the body, embalmed, and put in canopic jars.

3. To fill the empty space in the body, bags of natron and sweet-smelling spices were placed inside the body. Originally, the heart was left in because it was thought to be easier for Anubis to weigh the heart against a feather to see if the person had led and honest life. In later times, the heart was taken out, embalmed and replaced by a stone scarab amulet as a symbol of renewed life.

4. The hole where the internal organs were taken out was covered with an embossed golden panel that had a picture of the eye of Udjat, the magic eye of Horus, who protected the dead.

5. Then the body was covered with natron and put on a slanted table with a jar at the bottom, near the lower end, so that the water extracted could be collected. The natron also acted as a fat dissolver and a weak antiseptic. The body was dried out for forty days. Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9 6. After forty days, the mummy was cleaned off with oils and brushes so that no water would get into the body.

7. In later times, the mummy had a layer of tree sap, or resin, put on it to help preserve it. To keep the skin soft and smooth, it was rubbed with gum, cedar oil, wax and natron.

8. Then the body was covered with jewelry and sacred necklaces. Before the mummy was put in the coffins and sarcophagus, it was wrapped with many layers of linen strips.

9. Small dolls that looked like the mummy, called shabtis, were put in the wrappings. They were supposed to work in the fields for the mummy in the next life.

10. Finally, the mummy was put in three coffins and the sarcophagus, which was already in the tomb.

11. The whole embalming process took seventy days.

 Why did they leave the heart in the body?

 Who was the god of mummification?

 What objects did they put in Egyptian Tombs?

 What are canopic jars? Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9  Where were Egyptians who were poor buried?

 Where were the pharaohs buried?

Pyramids  The pyramids are the stone tombs of Egypt's kings—the Pharaohs—and one of the world's greatest historical mysteries. They have stood for thousands of years, filled with many hidden secrets: clues about what life (and death) was like in Ancient Egypt.

 Why did the Ancient Egyptians build pyramids?

 Where were they built?

 How does the dry desert help?

 Why did they build pyramids next to the Nile?

 What was is the name of the most famous pyramid? Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9

 What guards the pyramids?

Rosetta Stone?  What is the Rosetta Stone?

 How big is the Rosetta Stone? The Stone is 114.4 centimeters (45 in) high at its tallest point, 72.3 centimeters (28.5 in) wide, and 27.9 centimeters (11 in) thick. It weighs approximately 760 kilograms (1,676 lb).

 Why is it called the Rosetta Stone? Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9

 When was the Rosetta Stone found?

 Who found the Rosetta Stone?

 What writing was on the Rosetta stone?

 What does the Rosetta stone say?

 Why were there three lots of different writing on it?

 When it was written, there were three different types of writing being used in Egypt.

Hieroglyphics

Used for ______Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9

Egyptian writing (demotic)

Used by ______

Greek writing

Used by ______

 How long did it take to decode the Rosetta Stone?

Tutankhamen (King Tut) Answer the following questions using the website: http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/news/intro.htm

1. When was Tutankhamen’s tomb discovered?

2. Who discovered Tutankhamen’s tomb? Interactions & Interdependence of Nations SS9 3. Who paid for the excavations?

4. What was found inside the tomb?

5. How many years did the archaeologist look for the tomb?

6. Why was the discovery so important for historians?