Quantum Risk Management Ltd

TECHNICAL PROCEDURE NO. 1

Surveying and Sampling

Date Issued:

Issued To:

Name of Issuer:

Signature of Issuer:

TP1 VER 5 7 MAY 15 QM Page 1 of 29 Quantum Risk Management Ltd Technical Procedure No. 1

CONTENTS

Section Title 1 Introduction 2 Health and safety 3 Survey requirements 4 Survey planning 5 Survey – general procedures 6 Specific survey procedures – Management Survey 7 Specific survey procedures – Refurbishment/Demolition 8 Survey strategy 9 Scope of survey 10 Survey caveats 11 Equipment and paperwork 12 Bulk sampling strategy 13 General sampling procedure 14 Detailed sampling procedure 15 Material assessment and survey records 16 Code of conduct 17 Handling of samples/inspection items 18 Glossary of terms

1. INTRODUCTION

This procedure defines the methods used by QRM for the Surveying and Sampling of Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) in Buildings. In addition, the procedure details how Material Assessments of ACM are carried out.

The Documents that are referred to in, and form part of this procedure are as follows:

HSG264 Asbestos: The survey guide ISBN 0-7176-6502-0, 2nd edition, published 2012

HSG248 Asbestos: The analysts’ guide for sampling, analysis and clearance procedures – Section 4 only. ISBN 0-7176-2875-2, published 2006

HSG227 A Comprehensive Guide to Managing asbestos in premises. ISBN 0-7176-2381-5, published 2002

L143 Managing and working with asbestos materials: Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012. ISBN-978 0 7176 6618 8, 2nd edition, published 2013

Surveyors performing this procedure shall at all times comply with the following requirements  Only carry out works that they are authorised to perform, or under the direct supervision of an authorised person.  All works must be carried out in accordance with the site-specific risk assessments and any other safe systems of work applicable to the site.  All works must be carried out in accordance with this procedure.  Only carrying out works where it is safe to do so without putting themselves or others at risk.  Lone working may only be carried out if safe to do so and must be conducted in accordance with a site-specific risk assessment.  Wear appropriate RPE and PPE at all times

2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

All works shall be carried out in accordance with the QRM Health & Safety Policy.

A risk assessment will be carried out prior to any survey work. This risk assessment will be based on information requested from the client in accordance with HSG264. The types of non-asbestos hazards which may be associated with surveys include;

 working at heights, in ceiling voids or on a fragile roof  working on operable machinery or plant  working in confined spaces  chemical hazards  electrical hazards  biological hazards  noise hazards  lone working

The risk assessment should also specifically address the asbestos issues, including;

 the need to prevent disturbance of ACMs as far as possible;  the need to prevent the spread of ACMs  identification of safe work procedures (eg controls to be used while taking samples, arrangements for entering contaminated areas)  PPE to be used  decontamination and disposal arrangements

The surveyor shall only work in areas where hazards have been controlled to “Low Risk”. If the surveyor encounters any hazards during the course of their duties they shall stop work in the vicinity of the hazard and inform the dutyholder and anyone else in the vicinity of the hazard immediately.

The surveyor shall adopt any safe systems in work in force at the time of the survey.

It is the surveyor’s decision whether, and what type of, RPE and PPE is used and this will be commensurate with the level of risk.

Surveyors must be face-fitted for the respirator they have been issued with.

The surveyor shall conduct the survey in such a way as to minimise the spread of asbestos using appropriate controls.

The surveyor shall not enter a known contaminated area without being equipped with appropriate RPE and PPE and having adequate means of decontamination available on exit.

Each individual is responsible for his or her own safety and that of fellow workers as stated in the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (Section 7). It is the responsibility of each individual to ensure they have read and are familiar with the QRM Health and Safety policy, and any written risk assessment that may have been issued to them, with the site instruction form, by the project manager. If no written risk assessment has been provided for whatever reason, the lead surveyor must ensure a written assessment has been completed prior to commencing works.

Upon arrival at a survey site, the surveyor should ask the client representative about any specific safety rules which may apply whilst working on that site. The surveyor must ensure they adhere to any special requirements laid down by the site.

Whilst on site it is important that the surveyors do not create a hazard for themselves or others. They should therefore be fully trained in the use of RPE/PPE and how to sample safely. Sampling should be carried out adhering strictly to this procedure.

The surveyors must also wear any PPE as specified by the client. In addition the surveyor is required to wear a suitable level of PPE to offer adequate protection for the task being performed. The level of protection in terms of overalls and respirators will vary dependent upon the type and location of the material to be sampled. The surveyor must assess each situation on its individual merit and ensure that the correct level of protection is worn.

During the normal course of a survey, the surveyor may encounter a number of hazards ranging from working at heights or from a ladder to working within a confined space. It is essential that a separate risk assessment be carried out for any situation where circumstances vary from the normal risks. Should additional hazards be identified during the course of the survey a further risk assessment must be carried out.

3. SURVEYING REQUIREMENTS

All surveys shall be carried out in accordance with HSE Documents HSG264 Asbestos: The survey guide and Section 4 of HSG248 Asbestos: The analysts’ guide for sampling, analysis and clearance procedures. Further requirements not covered by those documents are detailed in this procedure and shall at all times be compliant with BS EN ISO/IEC 17020 and UKAS publication RG8 and the relevant parts of UKAS publication LAB30.

The types of survey undertaken are Management and Refurbishment/Demolition surveys as defined in HSG264.

The minimum training, qualification, knowledge and experience requirements of surveyors are detailed in RG8 and TP2 (Training). A surveyor, who meets these requirements shall be authorised to work unsupervised when deemed competent by the Quality Manager or a nominated deputy following satisfactory performance under audit.

4. SURVEY PLANNING

The survey will be planned in accordance with HSG264 and will follow the steps outlined below

Step 1: Collect all the relevant information to plan the survey Step 2: Carry out a desk-top study using the information collected Step 3: Prepare a survey plan to include the scope of the survey, the survey procedure and report format Step 4: Conduct a risk assessment for the survey.

Prior to the commencement of the survey the following information will be requested from the duty holder;

 Details of buildings or parts of buildings to be surveyed and survey type(s)  Details of building(s) use, processes, hazards, priority areas  Plans, documents, reports and surveys on design, structure and construction  Safety and security information: fire alarm testing, special clothing areas (eg food production)  Access arrangements and permits  Contacts for operational or health and safety issues

If not already supplied as part of the request above, the following information will also be requested;

 Age of the property  Nature of its construction e.g. steel framed  Type of heating system adopted  Location of pipework/ventilation systems within the fabric of the building  Prior knowledge of any asbestos present or previously removed from the site  Location of boiler rooms, plant rooms, service voids, undercrofts, lofts etc  Areas of restricted access, names of key-holders etc  Any Health and Safety issues or procedures specific to the site

Every effort should be made to obtain a plan of the site, preferably in electronic format in advance of the commencement of the survey. The surveyor should study the plans carefully before commencing work.

The surveyor shall mark off areas inspected (and any non-accessed areas) on rough plans as the survey progresses. The lead surveyor should decide on a logical order in which to survey the building. This should take into consideration the final report and how it will be presented. A brief walk through of the premises prior to starting will help to establish the best approach, e.g. starting in the top and working down.

5. GENERAL SURVEY PROCEDURE

When sampling and inspecting, due consideration must be given to local safety requirements and those laid out in this procedure.

When taking samples of materials suspected of containing asbestos for analysis at the laboratory the surveyor must adhere to the practices outlined in this procedure.

Every attempt should be made to ensure continuity throughout the survey. The surveyor should take care to be consistent when referring to an area of the building or a type of material found. To aid with this a glossary of terms is appended to this procedure and these terms should be used wherever possible.

Some ACM may be ‘presumed’ to contain asbestos and there are two levels of ‘presumption’

Strongly presumed ACM - in this case the material looks as if it is an ACM, or that it might contain asbestos. This conclusion can be reached through visual inspection alone by an experienced, well-trained surveyor, familiar with the range of asbestos products. Examples of ‘strong presumption’ would be;

 where laboratory analysis has confirmed the presence of asbestos in a similar construction material;  materials in which asbestos is known to have been commonly used in the manufactured product at the time of installation (eg corrugated cement roof and wall sheeting, cement gutters and drainpipes, cement water tanks, ceiling tiles, insulating boards);  materials which have the appearance of asbestos but no sample has been taken, eg thermal insulation on a pipe where fibres are clearly visible.

Presumed ACM - a material is presumed to contain asbestos because there is insufficient evidence (eg no analysis) to confirm that it is asbestos free, or where it is easier under the planned management arrangements to presume certain materials contain asbestos. Many non-asbestos materials will also be presumed to contain asbestos using this system.

Presumed areas - there is a further default situation which applies to areas which cannot be accessed or inspected. In this situation any area not accessed or inspected must be presumed to contain asbestos, unless there is strong evidence that it does not. The surveyor shall record the reason for no access.

Management Surveys

A Management survey is the standard survey and its purpose is to locate, as far as reasonably practicable, the presence and extent of any suspect ACM in the building which could be damaged or disturbed during normal occupancy, including foreseeable maintenance and installation, and to assess their condition.

Management surveys will often involve minor intrusive work and some disturbance. The extent of intrusion will vary between premises and depend on what is reasonably practicable for individual properties, ie it will depend on factors such as the type of building, the nature of construction, accessibility etc.

A Management survey should include an assessment of the condition of the various ACM and their ability to release fibres into the air if they are disturbed in some way, this is known as the Material Assessment.

The survey will usually involve sampling and analysis to confirm the presence or absence of ACM. However, a Management survey can also involve presuming the presence or absence of asbestos and can be completed using a combination of sampling ACM and presuming ACM or, indeed, just presuming.

Any materials presumed to contain asbestos must also have their accessibility and extent/amount assessed.

Refurbishment/Demolition Surveys

This type of survey is needed before any refurbishment or demolition work is carried out. This type of survey is used to locate and describe, as far as reasonably practicable, all ACMs in the area where the refurbishment work will take place or in the whole building if demolition is planned.

The survey will be fully intrusive and involve destructive inspection, as necessary, to gain access to all areas, including those that may be difficult to reach. A refurbishment and demolition survey may also be required in other circumstances, eg when more intrusive maintenance and repair work will be carried out or for plant removal or dismantling.

The surveyor should consider the previous history of the building. This will give an indication as to the types of asbestos most likely to be present within the building. A list of uses of asbestos are given in the DETR document “Asbestos and man made mineral fibres in buildings ” and is summarised below.

The table below should be used to provide additional information to the survey team and ultimately the client and should not be used as a substitute for thorough inspection of the building concerned.

ACM Approximate usage dates Crocidolite yarn and rope 1880s to mid 1960s Acid resistant lagging Crocidolite insulation mattresses 1890s to mid 1960s Crocidolite in pre-formed thermal insulation Mid 1920s to 1950 Amosite in pre-formed thermal insulation, Mid 1920s to late 1960s pipes, slabs, moulded pipe fitting covers and insulation mattresses. Amosite in reinforced calcium silicate high Late 1950s to mid 1970s temperature insulation. Crocidolite, amosite, chrysotile in sprayed Up to 1974 coatings Amosite, chrysotile and sometimes 1950s up to early 1980s, although old stocks crocidolite in insulating boards and insulating may appear more recently and be used as board ceiling tiles and shuttering. spacers in door frames, suspended ceilings etc, sometimes found as recent illegal substitute for plasterboard.

ACM Approximate usage dates Millboard, paper and paper products, mainly Up to 1980s chrysotile Asbestos cement products containing 1950 to 1969 crocidolite. Asbestos cement products containing 1945 to at least 1976 amosite Asbestos cement products containing Up to 1990s chrysotile only Bitumen felts and coated material Up to 1990s Flooring materials and reinforced plastics, Up to 1980s PVC and thermoplastic floor tiles and sheet materials Textured coatings and paints Prohibited in 1992 Mastics, sealants, putties and adhesives Up to 1980s

6. SPECIFIC SURVEY PROCEDURES – MANAGEMENT SURVEYS

A visual inspection of the building(s) should be performed in a systematic manner following the procedure outlined above. All reasonably accessible areas must be inspected and all inaccessible areas noted on the plans or worksheets.

Each suspected and/or sampled ACM identified during the survey must have an associated Material Assessment carried out. This should include assessment of the criteria described in this procedure with the exception of the type of asbestos present in the material.

Any suspected ACM which are not sampled should be presumed amphibole (unless a reasoned argument can be made that the asbestos type is chrysotile e.g. for white asbestos fire blankets).

The following areas, though not an exhaustive list, should be included where accessible and safe to do so;

Floor covering Ceiling voids Lofts Risers Service ducts Lift shafts Roofs Basements Cellars/undercrofts

As a minimum at least one sample of each type of installation present within the building should be taken, unless the surveyor has good reason not to. Where installations in different locations are believed on inspection to be identical, one sample will be sufficient to use as a cross-reference. Unless a more stringent sampling regime has been agreed with the client, the following guidelines on sampling frequency should be followed:-

Asbestos sprayed coating

The material is usually quite uniform and two samples are usually sufficient if taken at either end of the sprayed surface. If the installation is particularly large, additional samples should be taken for every 30m2. Any areas of repairs or alterations should be sampled as well.

Asbestos pipe insulation

One sample will be taken every 3m or of each type of insulation found. On long pipe runs (eg >20m) 1 sample shall be taken every 6m. Samples should also be taken where repairs or alterations have been carried out. Sufficient samples to cover each branch of pipe, allowing for obvious repairs, modifications, and sections of pipework of different diameter or colour must be taken. Pipes with (man-made mineral fibre) MMMF on straight runs may contain asbestos on bends or elbows. The sampling frequency may be decreased in cases where visual inspection has shown the pipe lagging to be MMMF and uniform throughout. Sampling frequency may be reduced in line with planned and subsequent activities, e.g. a few samples of proven asbestos TP1 VER 5 7 MAY 15 QM Page 11 of 31 Quantum Risk Management Ltd Technical Procedure No. 1 materials may be sufficient to condemn an entire plant room to be stripped of asbestos.

For individual pipe runs or boilers needing repair or replacement, one sample may be sufficient, provided that there are no signs of earlier repairs or changes to the insulation.

Asbestos insulating board and “Supalux”

As panel materials are normally uniform, one sample is normally sufficient for areas up to about 25m2. Where the material is evident throughout a building, samples should be taken every 25m2. If it is evident from inspection that the panels in an area are all identical, this sampling frequency may be reduced.

Early batches of “Supalux” have been known to contain contamination in the form of trace asbestos fibres. Any such board, which in the surveyor’s opinion is not obviously non-asbestos, should be sampled as described above.

Asbestos cement sheeting

As sheeting is normally fairly uniform, one sample of each material should be taken, except where it is evident that different materials are present or where there is a change in usage i.e. from corrugated sheeting to drainpipe. Asbestos cement sheets are visually very similar to their non-asbestos fibre-cement replacement. Fibre cement replacement sheets are identifiable by a code “NT” placed near the edge of the sheet, where they overlap. Some newer asbestos sheets have the code “AT” in a similar position. Sheets marked NT or AT need not be sampled.

Textured Coatings

As asbestos fibres may not be uniformly present one sample per room shall be taken, unless the textured coating is similar in different rooms, in which case, 2 samples per floor will be taken. Any changes in appearance such as repairs or different applications will be sampled separately.

So far as reasonably practicable, 20cm2 shall be taken as stated in HSG248; this may not always be possible in occupied properties.

Floor tiles

One sample of each material should be taken and it is important to sample any adhesive that is present as it is quite common for the adhesive to contain asbestos.

Textiles

One sample of each type of material shall be taken.

Other materials including debris and contamination

One sample of each type of installation shall be taken. Two samples shall be taken where there are more than 5m2 of material.

A Material Assessment will be carried out in relation to each material sampled during the survey.

7. SPECIFIC SURVEY PROCEDURES – REFURBISHMENT/DEMOLITION

Refurbishment and demolition surveys are intended to locate all the asbestos in the building (or the relevant part), as far as reasonably practicable. It is a disruptive and fully intrusive survey which may need to penetrate all parts of the building structure. Aggressive inspection techniques will be needed to lift carpets and tiles, break through walls, ceilings, cladding and partitions, and open up floors. In these situations, controls should be put in place to prevent the spread of debris, which may include asbestos.

The sampling and inspection procedures will involve the use of dismantling tools to gain access to areas which would be otherwise not be possible to inspect. A visual identification is made of all materials likely to contain asbestos and their locations including estimates of their extent.

This type of survey is intended for use as an aid to tendering for the removal of asbestos prior to demolition or major refurbishment of a building and therefore the Material Assessment may not be completed.

Appendix 1 of HSG264 gives detailed guidance on carrying out these surveys.

8. SURVEY STRATEGY

The surveyor will begin the inspection by working in a methodical manner, this shall either be from top to bottom or bottom to top depending on surveyor or client preference.

On each floor, the surveyor shall conduct the inspection by going from room to room in a clockwise direction.

In each room/location the surveyor shall inspect primary elements first – walls, floor and ceiling – and then secondary elements – cupboards, boxing etc.

Each room/location must be inspected individually noting any materials that may contain asbestos and taking samples as appropriate. Once a location has been surveyed, the location should be ticked on the plan.

Plans should be annotated with the sample number and photograph number (if appropriate).

Where access has not been gained to an area the plans and the site worksheet should be marked and reference made in the final report. A non-accessed area should be outlined on the plans and if the area is subsequently accessed the area should be marked with a tick.

A guide to locations and systems likely to contain ACMs is contained in this procedure.

All work carried out by QRM personnel will minimise disruption to the client's business and adhere to standards that ensure minimal risk to the health and safety of all parties. In particular, attention shall be given to problems of sampling in confined spaces, in the presence of chemical hazards, on roofs or in loft spaces or where electrical, chemical or biological hazards are present. Details are given below:

Examination above ceiling tiles

Experience has shown that asbestos debris can be present on the upper surfaces of ceiling tiles and caution is required when removing tiles. The surveyor will determine, in consultation with the client, if containment facilities are required.

Examination of service ducts and crawl spaces

Examination and entry into confined spaces should not be undertaken unless a risk assessment has been carried out and a safe system of work has been established. If asbestos contamination is suspected, containment facilities will be required, particularly with regard to crawl spaces.

Loft spaces

Loft spaces are only accessed if floorboards or crawl boards are present, or if the surveyor is confident that the integrity of the floor is intact and capable of supporting a person’s weight.

Use of scaffolds, ladders and work on roofs

The Directors shall ensure that suitable means of access is available in order for the surveyor to conduct the survey safely. As such, the provision of ladder and means of access should be included in the proposal to the client. Access equipment must be checked each time before use.

Electrical boxes

Asbestos may be present within fuse boxes in the form of gaskets, insulation board or fuses. For reasons of safety these items will not normally be inspected and sampled unless a suitably qualified competent person is present.

Chemical and biological hazards

Access to areas containing or suspected of containing these hazards must not be accessed without a risk assessment and the implementation of a safe system of work.

9. SCOPE OF SURVEY

Management surveys involve the inspection of a building using non-destructive techniques therefore certain inspection limitations will apply. As a result there may be asbestos hidden within the fabric of the building, which may only come to light when the building is being demolished or refurbished.

This summary below is not exhaustive but is intended to emphasise the importance of a thorough asbestos survey and building register, and to ensure areas excluded from the survey are clearly identified to the client. Permission should be obtained from the client when undertaking Management surveys before inspection of areas such as those described below.

Wall Cavities, Risers, Floor Voids & Columns – These may be completely blocked or bricked in and therefore can only be detected if shown on building construction plans or during demolition. Where these are found inspection may only be performed in unoccupied areas where safe access is available.

Plaster Ceilings - If there are no access hatches then the areas/voids above should not be checked.

Trunking/Ductwork – Inspecting the internal parts of trunking carries a high risk of fibre release from the disturbance of any asbestos material within it, which may contaminate other areas. Therefore if access cannot be obtained safely these items should not be inspected.

Fire Doors - The presence of an inner asbestos layer is difficult to determine without causing significant damage to the doors. Such sampling activities will therefore not be undertaken unless specifically requested by the client.

Lift Shafts & Electrical Boxes – These areas will not be checked for safety reasons unless they are known to be isolated and an authorised competent person is present.

Refrigerators, Cold Rooms, Safes, Kilns & Heater Units - May contain asbestos internally which is not visible until dismantled.

MMMF pipework - It is a common occurrence for residual amounts of asbestos debris to be present beneath pipework lagged in non asbestos materials. The identification of such asbestos is difficult to determine without the systematic removal of all existing non-asbestos lagging materials. Where pipework is no lagged or asbestos contamination is obviously visible this should be inspected, otherwise such a sampling strategy will be beyond the scope of this type of survey.

10. SURVEY CAVEATS

Any restrictions to the scope or extent of the survey will be agreed by both parties before work starts and clearly documented.

Ideally, caveats and restrictions should be identified at the preliminary site meeting and walk-through inspection or during discussion and may form part of the contract.

If during the survey, the surveyor is unable to access any location or area for any reason, the client will be informed as soon as possible and arrangements made for later access. If access is not possible, then the survey report should clearly identify the areas not accessed.

11. EQUIPMENT AND PAPERWORK REQUIREMENTS Paperwork

 Site plan or graph paper for drawing of plans if required  Site instruction including risk assessment  Survey worksheets Sampling Equipment

 Step ladder  Digital camera  Torch (with spare batteries)  Screwdrivers (all types)  Pliers (smooth faced, not ridged)  Core sampler  Aluminium or cloth tape  Stanley knife with spare blades  Hand held water spray with surfactant or fibre suppressant  Self-seal sample bags  Class H vacuum cleaner (at surveyor’s discretion)  Warning signs  Wet wipes  Polythene dust sheet  Polyfilla (or similar) for making good after sampling  Paint and brush for making good after sampling  Chisel  Tape measure  Asbestos waste sack

Additional Equipment For Refurbishment/Demolition Surveys

 Club hammer  Bolster  Wrecking bar  Hand saw  Plasterboard saw  Low speed electric drill and bits  Decontamination unit (if required for grossly contaminated areas and in agreement with client)

RPE and PPE

 Type 5/6 coveralls (and overshoes if required)  Disposable gloves  Half face mask with P3 filter  Full – face powered respirator (in accordance with risk assessment)  Safety shoes (for all but domestic surveys)  Hard hat (in accordance with risk assessment)  High visibility waistcoat (in accordance with risk assessment)

 Safety gloves (in accordance with risk assessment)  Safety goggles (in accordance with risk assessment)  Any other items specified by the client or identified by risk assessment and listed in site instruction

12. BULK SAMPLING STRATEGY

The aim is to obtain representative samples of suspected ACMs in a safe manner, without causing the spread of asbestos. Sample points shall be made good after sampling by using a filler, tape or paint as appropriate and labelled.

Bulk sampling is normally carried out simultaneously with the survey, but may be carried out later as a separate sampling exercise at the discretion of the surveyor.

Bulk samples will not be taken from materials if sampling affects the critical integrity of installations - such as roofs, gutters, flue pipes, fire doors etc - unless the building is subject to a Refurbishment/Demolition survey and maintaining the integrity of those items is not critical.

Bulk samples will only be taken if it is safe to do so. Bulk samples will not be taken from live items of plant or machinery or where there may be any significant risk to the safety of the surveyors or others who may be affected by their works.

Preparation prior to sampling

The extent and degree of preparation and precaution required during bulk sampling will be dictated by the type of asbestos material being tested for e.g. a higher level of precaution is required when sampling a sprayed coating than when sampling asbestos cement. All persons not involved in the sampling should be excluded from the area. Warning notices with the following words may be displayed "Sampling In Progress – No Entry" where necessary. In certain circumstances it may be advisable to also include the company name and a contact number.

Surfaces onto which dust or debris may fall should be covered with an impervious sheet before the sample is taken (unless the surface itself is impervious) and be cleaned afterwards by a dustless method such as a Class H vacuum cleaner or wiped using a damp cloth or wet-wipe which is then enclosed within two self-sealing bags to be disposed of as hazardous waste.

Having cleared and prepared the area, sampling personnel should dress in the appropriate level of protective clothing in preparation for sampling.

13. GENERAL SAMPLING PROCEDURE

 Unless the sample can be taken without breakage or other disturbance, put on appropriate RPE and protective clothing.  Prepare a large holding bag – one for each property – into which all samples for that property will be placed with the following information on the bag: . Client . Site address . Date . Surveyor’s initials  Prepare the sampling site by spreading a polythene sheet below the sample point in order to catch any debris.  Refer to detailed sampling procedure below for specific sampling methods. Remove a representative amount of the material and place in the inner sample bag.  Record the following information on the inner bag . Job number . Sequential sample number  Place the inner bag into a 2nd out bag and ensure the above information is visible.  The whole of the newly exposed surface must be treated with a suitable sealant, which does not adversely affect the fire protection or structural integrity of the material.  Record data and observations as requested on the survey worksheet.  Decontaminate sampling equipment with a wet-wipe after each sample is taken, and before placing any sampling tools on a non-contaminated surface to reduce the risk of cross contamination and spread of asbestos.  Sample points will not be labelled unless specifically requested by the client.  Clean up any signs of debris caused by the sampling process.  Take photograph of sample site showing as much of the adjacent area as possible.  At the end of sampling, undertake decontamination of RPE and protective clothing and dispose of gloves, overalls and wet-wipes in a sealed waste bag marked asbestos waste.

14. DETAILED SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The recommended sampling procedure to minimise release of asbestos fibres is described below. The following guidelines should also be used as the normal sampling frequency; HSG264 should be referred to for further guidance and information.

Sampling of Sprayed Coating

This is one of the most friable ACMs and extreme care must be taken. It is important to sample to the full depth of the material as this material may sometimes be layered e.g. with a chrysotile skim. If the material is in good condition a core borer should be used (using the same method as for insulation below). If the material is in a poor condition tweezers should be used after first spraying or injecting.

Sampling of Insulation

Extreme care must be taken when sampling insulation from High Temperature High Pressure Water (HTHPW) or Steam services. Wet wipes must not be used to plug holes made in insulation to HTHPW services.

Surround the pipe to be sampled with a band of tape (2” to 4" wide) on the proposed sample point to hold the pipe insulation/spray coating in place during sampling. Spray down or inject the area to be sampled and use a coring tool to penetrate to the insulation. Wrap one wet wipe around the end of the coring tool and another inside the end of the coring tool so that on removing the core the inside of the tool is automatically cleaned. Twist the coring tool into the insulation to the full depth (except when sampling insulated copper pipes, as these can be easily ruptured. Keep vibration and/or damage to the rest of the insulation to a minimum.

Very carefully remove the core, wiping the outside of the coring tool and (except when sampling HTHPW services) pushing the wet-wipe into the cavity. Place the coring tool end into the sample bag and push carefully through the tool so that the sample and the inner wet-wipe are collected in the bag. Seal and label the bag.

Sampling of Insulating Board

If unsealed, dampen the material to be sampled using the water spray. Carefully remove a small piece using a sharp chisel shielded with a wet wipe and transfer to a polythene sample bag. Seal, bag and label the sample. Spray the material again and seal with tape. Wipe up any debris with wet wipes and clean the sampling equipment. Wet wipes or other materials used should be disposed of as contaminated waste.

Sampling of Cement

Where possible break off a corner of the material using smooth jawed pliers. If a corner cannot be accessed for sampling, slice off several thin layers of the material using a sharp knife. Care should be taken if using this method to ensure the sample is representative of all material layers. Please note, if there is any doubt whether the material is cement or insulating board, then a 9cm² sample is required in order for a water absorption test to be carried out (refer to ACOP L143 for method).

Sampling of Textured Coatings TP1 VER 5 7 MAY 15 QM Page 23 of 31 Quantum Risk Management Ltd Technical Procedure No. 1

Dampen down the sampling point and adjacent area. Carefully remove the coating to the full depth using a chisel with the tip shielded with a wet wipe and allow the material to drop directly into a sample bag. Seal and label the bag. Seal with paint and, if required, label the sample position. Wipe up any debris with wet wipes and clean the sampling equipment. Wet wipes or other materials used should be disposed of as contaminated waste. Decorative finishes to walls and ceilings such as Artex and paint can contain asbestos. These materials are often non-homogeneous and therefore a greater sampling frequency is recommended. Sub-samples may be taken from different parts of the ceiling and analysed as a single sample by the laboratory.

Sampling Composite and Bonded ACMs

Dampen down the sample point and adjacent area. Remove 3 to 5 cm2 using a chisel or Stanley knife. When sampling floor tiles ensure that the adhesive is sampled too and the bag labelled to reflect this.

15. MATERIAL ASSESSMENT AND SURVEY RECORDS

The Material Assessment algorithm used by QRM is that defined in Appendix 4 of HSG264. Each parameter is recorded on the QRM asbestos survey worksheet (SU002).

Each room must be inspected individually noting any materials that may contain asbestos and taking samples as appropriate. Plans should be annotated with the sample number and photograph number (if appropriate). Where access has not been gained to an area the plans and the site worksheet should be marked and reference made in the final report.

All records of original observations, derived data will bear the name, or identifier of the staff member who conducted the work. All records, including drawings, should also bear job numbers, dates and pagination, as necessary.

All inspection information shall be recorded on SU002.

Along with the draft survey report, site records will be submitted to the office for technical review and then retained in the project file.

16. CODE OF CONDUCT

Surveyors are expected to conduct themselves in a courteous and professional manner at all times whilst communicating with a client or working on a client’s premises.

Surveyors must not be either in possession or under the influence of any non- prescribed controlled drugs or alcohol whilst working on site.

The surveyor must have access to the QRM in-house procedures appropriate to the activity being performed at all times. The surveyor must be able at all times to justify his actions based on these procedures.

The surveyor will not take part in meetings, committees or discussions without the prior agreement of the Directors. Details of all such meetings will be recorded and stored into the project file.

The surveyor will not report results to third parties. If in doubt about a request for information, he/she will call the project manager for clarification.

Surveyors must never call into question the conduct of competitor companies or contractors, particularly under provocation. Such an offence will be considered liable for disciplinary action.

If the surveyor or his/her actions are called into question at any point the Director must be informed immediately.

The type of asbestos survey carried out will be determined as per the instructions of the client prior to arrival at the site. Should a situation arise where it is not possible to survey according to the client’s instructions the surveyor must inform the Director immediately.

All information gained at a client’s premises shall be held in confidence and shall not be transmitted to any third parties with the following exceptions:

 Information may be passed to other parties at the client’s written request.

 Details of samples taken (limited to those details necessary to identify the sampling address, the location of the sample and the material sampled) are passed to the UKAS accredited laboratory carrying out the analysis in order for them to annotate their Certificates of Analysis only. The UKAS accredited laboratory shall have their own policy of confidentiality and shall not pass on any of the above details to any party other than QRM.

 All inspection records, including client’s details and records of work carried out on behalf of the client are made available to UKAS for the purpose of auditing. UKAS themselves have a confidentiality policy that all information obtained during the audit shall remain in confidence and not passed to any other parties.

 Information shall be made available if requested by an enforcing authority.

17. HANDLING OF SAMPLES/INSPECTION ITEMS

Sample holding bags containing the individual samples will be transported from the survey site to the office in sturdy plastic containers.

Samples will then be prepared for despatch to the analysing laboratory at the end of each day.

The Sample Submission Sheet will be completed for each property and placed inside the holding bag.

The holding bags will be placed inside sturdy plastic wallets and then placed inside non-tear “Tyvek” type envelopes and addressed accordingly. The plastic wallets will be labelled on the reverse with the wording;

“Samples for analysis - only to be opened by authorised laboratory staff”.

The Royal Mail prohibits the sending of asbestos through the postal system. Samples that have already been analysed and found to contain asbestos must be sent by approved courier.

18. GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Appendix 2 and 3 of HSG264 should be referred to for further information.

Acoustic Tile Tile with sound attenuating properties. Typified by perforated or textured surface. Usually fibreboard or asbestos insulating board Air Handling Unit Part of air conditioning system, usually consisting of fan and filter (AHU) chambers. May be extract or intake. May contain asbestos rope seals, gaskets or gaiters, or boarding. Asbestolux Trade name for asbestos insulating board produced by Cape Industries. Asbestos Cement Defined as being a material which is predominantly a mixture of cement (AC) and chrysotile and which when in a dry state absorbs less than 30% water by weight. May be pre-formed corrugated or flat sheets, or cement pipes, flues, guttering or downpipes. Typically contains 15%-30% asbestos. Asbestos Debris Asbestos material that has been disturbed and is no longer in the location in which it was originally applied or installed. E.g. broken asbestos insulating board on floor, asbestos within general dust and debris. Asbestos Insulating Medium density board (500-999Kg/m3), up to 40% asbestos. Usually Board (AIB) Amosite or Amosite and Chrysotile. Asbestos Paper Milled product used as condensation barrier beneath thermal insulation to pipework, facing to boards, insulation within electrical heaters, or roof lining etc. Asbestos Rope Pure chrysotile rope/yarn. Often used for seals around doors & ductwork, or as packing material. Beam Horizontal supporting element of structural framework. May be wood, steel, or concrete. May be clad or sprayed with asbestos. Belgium Board High-density fibreboard with asbestos cement facing on both sides. Bitumen Tar material that may contain asbestos. Main component of roofing felt. May be adhesive for sprayed coating or paper on pipework. Waterproof coating to asbestos cement roofs. Boxing Protruding surround to riser or duct. May be horizontal or vertical. Bulkhead Vertical face of boxed void or partition section in a void Cable Tray Flat tray carrying electrical services. May contain asbestos debris from adjacent installations. Often in suspended ceilings. Calorifier Hot water tank usually insulated, often with asbestos compound insulation. Canopy Roof without walls built out from side of building. E.g. over entrance or loading bay. Caposite Trade name for a type of asbestos sectional insulation. Caulking Packing material forced into pipe joints as a sealant. May be loose asbestos or asbestos rope. Cavity Wall Double wall with void between walls. May contain services insulated with asbestos, or asbestos debris. Column Vertical supporting structure. May be steel, stone, brick, concrete or wood. May be clad or sprayed with asbestos. Composite Layers of thermal insulation composed of different materials. Asbestos Insulation may form one or more of the layers. Compound Thermal insulation mixture of asbestos or other fibre plus matrix applied Insulation wet directly to pipework etc. Can be obscured beneath cork or MMMF insulation. Usually covered with hard-set plaster. Sometimes applied as scrim over cork or at ends of sectional MMMF insulation.

Conduit Enclosed channel carrying electrical services. May be pipe or trunking. Crawl Duct Crawl through subterranean duct carrying services. Decking Tiles Small paving tiles often found on flat roofs. Downpipe/Drainpipe Vertical rainwater piping. May be external or internal. Often asbestos cement. Downstand Structural wall between ceiling and window in steel or concrete framed buildings. Duct Horizontal void through which services run or air flows. Ductwork Tubing through which air flows. May be round or square in section. Durasteel Perforated steel with an AIB, AC or non-asbestos boarding middle layer. Often has manufacturers plate, giving date manufactured – indicates whether likely to be asbestos. Ebonite Trade name for ceramic material containing Amosite or Chrysotile asbestos. Hard and brittle, usually black. Used for toilet cisterns, windowsills, roofing slates and splashguards. Expansion Joint Flexible joint between two sections of a building to allow movement. Usually filled with mastic. May be loose asbestos or felt containing asbestos. Fascia Vertical panels to exterior of building above ground floor window height. False Ceiling Plaster or plasterboard ceiling below true ceiling. Void may often have services running through. Access hatches may be set into ceiling. Will usually sound hollow if tapped. Fibreboard Compressed board containing non-asbestos fibres. May be organic or MMMF. May have asbestos paper coating. Often used as ceiling tiles. Firebreak Vertical panel of fire resistant material forming a barrier to prevent the spread of fire. Usually above a partition wall in ceiling void or in floor void. Often Asbestos Insulating Board or asbestos cement. Flashguard Woven asbestos cloth insert in fuse holder of fusebox. Flashing Trim to roof, e.g. along ridge or on roof edges. May be asbestos cement or bitumen. Flue Pipe carrying exhaust gases to exterior from boiler etc. May be asbestos cement. May have asbestos insulation or packing around flue where it passes through the wall or ceiling Gaiter Flexible anti-vibration joint in Air Handling Plant. Often woven Chrysotile cloth. Gasket Fluid seal between metal joints under pressure. E.g. flange gaskets to pipework (compressed card) or rope to ductwork. Grating Latticed metal panels forming walkways, work platforms etc, especially in boilerhouses, above suspended ceilings, etc. Gridwork Supports for tiled false ceilings. Guttering Rainwater gulley along edge of roof or between roof pitches. Often asbestos cement. High Pressure Hot Water under high pressure that has been heated above 100C. Treat Water (HPHW) with caution – may cause severe burns. Intumescent Paint Non-asbestos paint applied to walls, fire cabinets, beams, etc. which expands when heated to form a flame resistant insulating layer. Joists Horizontal structural element running between beams supporting floor, ceiling or flat roof. Usually wood. Lath & Plaster Ceiling and partition wall construction consisting of wooden laths with plaster scrim. Lintel Structural beam across top of door or window opening.

Machine - Made Non-asbestos substitute manufactured from glass, rock, slag or clay. Mineral Fibre Includes continuous filament glass fibres, insulation wool, and ceramic (MMMF) fibres. Masterboard Non-asbestos board containing glass fibre. Mastic Malleable sealant. May be used in glazing units and ductwork etc. Often contains Chrysotile. Millboard Very low density asbestos boarding. Very friable. Usually Amosite or Chrysotile. Mullion Vertical structural support between windows. When metal, often lined with asbestos board. Overspray From application of sprayed coating. May be found behind wall plaster, beneath floor screed and ceilings, and within cavities. Panel Piece of board other than ceiling tile. Partition Wall Non-supporting internal wall separating rooms or areas. May be asbestos insulating board, asbestos cement or woodite. Pipe Hanger Metal bracket supporting pipework. Asbestos residue or sectional insulation/woven bushes may be present. Pipe Sleeve See Service Sleeve. Pipe Trench Shallow subterranean duct carrying pipework. Usually has removable covers along entire length. Plasterboard Non-asbestos board made from plaster faced with paper. Used for partitions, firebreaks, dry lining, ceiling tiles. Promenade Tiles See Decking Tiles. Putty See Mastic. Rafter Diagonal supporting element supporting pitch or apex roof, usually wood. Refractory Brick Insulating block found in boilers, kilns and heaters etc. May contain asbestos. Residue Material which remains in-situ after bulk has been removed. E.g. insulation residue on pipework, sprayed coating residue on walls, etc. Reveal Recess into which window, door or skylight is set. Riser Vertical void through which services run, usually between floors. Roofing Felt Bituminous product used as external or internal seal to roof. May contain asbestos or be interleaved with asbestos paper. Screed Floated cement, plaster or rubberised finish to slab or wall. Sectional Insulation Pre-formed sections of thermal insulation. May be asbestos, MMMF, cork or polystyrene (cold water only). Held in place by metal bands. All types of cladding may be found. Service Sleeve Shuttering through concrete wall or slab to carry services. Formed from section of pipe. Often asbestos cement. Service Subway Walkthrough subterranean duct carrying services. Shadow Rail Horizontal panels along perimeter of suspended ceiling. May be asbestos insulating board. Slab Concrete floor, underside of which may form ceiling of floor below. Usually covered with screed which may conceal sprayed coating. Soffit Horizontal external ceiling. E.g. underside to canopy or roof eaves.

Soil Pipe Pipe carrying foul water or sewage. May be asbestos cement or may have asbestos caulking in joints. Spacers Blocks or slabs to separate or support items such as door frames etc. May be AIB or AC. Spandrel Panel above or below a window supported between mullions.

Sprayed Coating Fire protection (extremely friable) sprayed onto structural steelwork/ceilings/walls/ May be asbestos or non-asbestos based. Strammit Board Compressed straw board with asbestos coating on one or both sides. Supalux Insulating board produced by Cape Industries. High Mica content. Occasionally trace asbestos. Suspended /False Ceiling consisting of tiles supported in gridwork beneath true ceiling. Tiles Ceiling may be asbestos or non-asbestos type. Remnants of old asbestos tiles may be present above a newer ceiling. Textured Coating Gypsum plaster based decorative finish to walls and ceilings, e.g. Artex. May contain asbestos – can only be determined by sampling and analysis. Textured Paint Paint containing bundles of fibre to give ‘Woodchip’ finish. Fibres may be asbestos. Thermal Insulation Material applied to water services and boilers to reduce the transfer of heat. May be asbestos or non-asbestos based. May be clad in aluminium, rubber, calico or hard-set plaster. Toilet Cisterns May be made of asbestos reinforced thermoset resin (similar to Bakelite), usually black, hard and brittle. Many other plastic toilet cisterns manufactured before 1980 contain small amounts of asbestos. Trace Heating Electrical element running along outside of cold water or oil pipe (usually external) to prevent freezing. May be covered with woven asbestos sheath. Hidden beneath insulation – core sampling of pipes known to have trace heating should be carried out with extreme caution. Trunking Square section electrical conduit. Under-sink Pad Cloth bitumen pad to underside of stainless steel sinks to absorb vibration. Upstand Structural wall between floor and window in steel or concrete framed buildings. Vermicuclad Non-asbestos vermiculite based boarding. Pinkish/brown coloration. Vermiculite Non-asbestos material used as sprayed coating. Pinkish/brown coloration. Window board Internal ledge to window forming base of reveal. May be Ebonite or have asbestos board or rope seal beneath. Woodite Asbestos cement containing cellulose. May contain pigments.

TP1 VER 5 7 MAY 15 QM Page 31 of 31