Rapiscan Systems

RAPISCAN SYSTEMS RELOCATEABLE EAGLE GANTRY VEHICLE AND CONTAINER SCREENING SYSTEM

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Security Pro USA www.securityprousa.com Los Angeles, CA [email protected] 310-475-7780 Eagle Gantry Product Description

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW...... 2

1.1 INSPECTION SYSTEM...... 6 1.2 COMPUTER SYSTEM...... 7 1.3 SCANNING/DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM...... 8 1.4 FACILITY...... 9 2. SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS...... 10

2.1 RADIATION SAFETY...... 10 2.2 SAFETY AND SECURITY...... 13 2.3 ENVIRONMENT...... 13 3 SYSTEM DELIVERY AND DEPLOYMENT...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

3.1 INSTALLATION...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.2 ACCEPTANCE...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4 SYSTEM OPERATION...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

4.1 CREW...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 - EAGLE GANTRY...... 3 FIGURE 2 - THE EAGLE GANTRY SHELTER...... 4 FIGURE 3 – THE EAGLE RELOCATEABLE SHELTER...... 4 FIGURE 4 - THE EAGLE GANTRY – SECTION VIEW...... 5 FIGURE 5 - THE EAGLE GANTRY – TOP VIEW...... 5 FIGURE 6 - THE EAGLE GANTRY – TOP VIEW...... 6 FIGURE 7 - EAGLE GANTRY CONTROL ROOM...... 10 FIGURE 8 - RADIATION SHIELDING BLOCK DESIGN...... 11 FIGURE 9 - RADIATION SHIELDING BLOCK DESIGN PLAN VIEW...... 12

Eagle Gantry Product Description

OVERVIEW

The Rapiscan Eagle Gantry (“Eagle Gantry”) incorporates proven high-energy X-ray imaging technology in a rail-mounted inspection system capable of rapid, automated scanning of vehicles and cargo. The linear accelerator X-ray source and X-ray detector array are mounted on an electric- powered gantry that runs on rails. The system automatically scans unoccupied vehicles parked between the rails. The gantry is remotely controlled from a nearby remote facility, where the X-ray images are sent for examination and evaluation. The Eagle Gantry is designed for automated operation by a minimum number of personnel. Therefore, it is well-suited to cargo screening at border crossings, seaports and entrances to critical facilities. The unit can also be readily disassembled and shipped to another location, requiring only that a set of rails be laid at the new site. The Eagle Gantry combines either the 4 .5 MeV X-ray source used on the Eagle Mobile or the powerful 6-MeV X-ray source used on the Eagle with the X-ray detector array used in the Rapiscan Eagle Mobile. Running at 6MeV the Eagle Gantry will achieve more than 325 mm of equivalent steel penetration, with the lowere energy 4.5MeV source it will achieve more than 275mm equivelant steel penetration. The Eagle Gantry facility consists of the gantry, which supports the X-ray source and detector array, the rails and the Control Room. The entire facility may be enclosed in a shield building or security fence, either of which demarks the radiation safety exclusion zone. The Eagle Gantry is designed to be easily relocatable. The gantry, source and detector and the Control room are loaded on to trucks or rail cars for shipment to a new site. Prior to arrival, the site is prepared by laying rails, building the concrete shield walls or erecting the security fence. If necessary, the shield walls can be constructed from concrete blocks which may be relocated to the new site. The Eagle Gantry has a unique combination of features:

 Automatically scans densely loaded containers and vehicles  Rapid scanning supports high throughput  Employs proven high-energy X-ray imaging technology  High-energy linear accelerator X-ray source  High penetration to inspect even dense cargo  High-quality X-ray images  Operated by as few as one person  Radiation safe for operators, observers and stowaways  Easily relocatable

1 EAGLE GANTRY DESCRIPTION

The Eagle Gantry is ideally located in a shielded enclosure and covered with a relocatable weather proof warehouse type structure. Where a suitable warehouse already exists either relocatable concrete blocks or more permanent concrete walls can provide the radiation shielding. Figure 1 below shows the Eagle Gantry housed in a relocatable warehouse with relocatable concrete block walls. Rapiscan Systems can supply these items as additional optional items if required. The system is flexible and offers the following:

 A high-energy X-ray system, comprising the X-ray source, X-ray detector array and computer system mounted on a Gantry, which runs on rails.  The rails, which define the length and width of the inspection zone, can be lengthened to enable more than one vehicle to be inspected at a time. The shielded wall or exclusion zone security fence would also need extending as appropriate.  A Control Room that houses the operators, inspectors and the workstations used to display and evaluate the X-ray images. To make this facility easily relocatable, a containerised office structure is used, which can be moved by truck to another inspection site.  Either a concrete wall surrounding the rails and gantry or security fence set at a suitable distance provides radiation shielding. The wall thickness or security fence distance will be determined by the X-ray source used (4.5 or 6 MeV), system throughput and local radiation regulations.  As an separate option Rapiscan Systems can supply a relocatable building structure and relocatable shielding, which prevents personnel access and demarks the radiation safety exclusion zone. For operation in extreme conditions this building can also be used to provide environmentally controlled conditions for operation.

Gantry

Figure 1 - Eagle Gantry

X-ray Source- Detector Structure

Figure 2 - The Eagle Gantry Shelter

Figure 3 – The Eagle Gantry Structure

The components and typical layout of the Eagle Gantry system are shown in the schematic drawings presented in Figures 3- 5 All dimensions are in millimetres.

Figure 4 - The Eagle Gantry – Section View

40m x 20m Relocateable Building

Figure 5 - The Eagle Gantry – Top View

The Eagle Gantry inspects unoccupied vehicles parked between the rails. At the operator’s command, the X-ray system scans the vehicle(s) as the gantry moves along the length of the rails in either direction. (Figure 6.) The resulting X-ray image of the vehicle(s) and cargo is sent to the nearby Control Room, where an inspector reviews and evaluates the image. The result is used to determine if a vehicle is cleared or requires further inspection, including devaning and manual inspection of its cargo.

Figure 6 - The Eagle Gantry – Top View 1.1 Inspection System

Radiation Source. The Eagle Gantry uses either a 4.5 or 6 MeV linear accelerator X-ray source Model M3 or M6 from Varian Medical Systems, the world’s largest supplier of linear accelerator sources. The Varian source will include the Super-Low Leakage X-ray Head option, which minimizes the additional shielding or exclusion zone size around the source. The linear accelerator is supplied with an automatic voltage regulator to accommodate power supply fluctuations, which may occur, for example, at seaports where large current loads and fluctuations are experienced due to the varied use of cranes and other equipment. This regulator will maintain an input line voltage within 5% of nominal. The Eagle Gantry inspects an object in a single pass from approximately 0.5 metres to 4.6 metres above the ground. If the system is to be used with passenger cars or low loder vehicles an extended height version is available which requires the vehicles being tested to be parked at approximately 500 mm above the gantry rail height. Typically this is achieved by raising the road level inside the inspection area with suitable access and exit slopes on the roadway. Alternatively the rails for the Gantry system can be set below ground level if suitable drainage is available. The 4.6 metre high inspection zone is large enough to scan the largest vehicle allowed on most roads throughout the world. The X-ray Detector System is configured to ensure a vehicle of 4.6 metres in height has no corner cut-off in the X- ray image. Figure 6 presents a view of the Eagle Gantry inspecting a truck. The low position of the X-

Eagle Gantry Product Description ray source produces an upward-pointing beam, which enables objects on the normal floor level of the truck to be more easily seen than an X-ray beam parallel to the floor. Detector System. The detector system for the Eagle Gantry, which includes the detectors and their associated electronics, uses the detector technology proven in Eagle Fixed-Site systems modified for the Eagle Gantry design. Each detector consists of a scintillating crystal of cadmium tungstate that provides the optimum performance in the conversion of X-ray signals to electrical information and ultimate image quality. This crystal is mounted to a silicon photodiode, which converts the light photons into an electrical current. The detectors and photodiodes are made as a module to simplify handling, while retaining the ability to repair faulty boards by replacing detector modules on site, if necessary. The detectors are manufactured by Rapiscan Systems’ sister company, UDT, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of OSI, our common parent company.

The cadmium tungstate crystals used have a very low afterglow, at less than 1% after 3 ms. The response of the crystal, photodiode and analog and digital electronics that form each sensor is linear and has an output of at least 20 bits giving a dynamic range of 1,048,576 to 1.

The Eagle Gantry’s detectors and associated electronics are arranged in an L-shaped array. This geometry minimizes the source-to-detector distance while still enabling 100% inspection of a truck or cargo container. The output from the detectors is sent to Rapiscan Systems proprietary imaging electronics and then to the Image Analysis Workstation for display. The sealed detector housing has environmental controls to preclude adverse temperature or humidity effects.

1.2 Computer System

The Eagle Gantry’s computer system includes the following computers and functions:

 Data Gatherer/Scan Engine PC - Collects the image data from the detector array. It also provides the gain and offset data corrections and formats the data into the X-ray image file. The file is then transferred to the Image Database for storage.  Image Analysis Workstation – The inspector uses the Image Analysis Workstation (IAW) and the Rapiscan CargoViewer software to display, process and evaluate the X-ray images. The IAW can also support other inspection process functions, such as check-in, check-out and manual search. A single IAW is supplied as standard but additional IAW can be added to the system for high throughput applications.  Printer – A high resolution graphics laser printer is provided to print images and reports.  Scanner - A flat-bed scanner is included for digitizing manifests and other shipping documents, which can then be displayed, compared to the X-ray image, and stored with the image.  Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) - The X-ray System Controller contains a UPS and back- up batteries providing uninterruptible power to the computer system including the IAW.

Image Analysis Workstation. The IAW is a high performance PC with large amounts of memory to easily cope with manipulation of the X-ray images. The computer is equipped with a high specification 3D graphics card to make use of the image interpretation software. A current example of an IAW is the Dell Precision 370 MT, a high performance Pentium 4 based computer. Features of this workstation include:  Microsoft® Windows® XP Professional  Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 530 with HT Technology (3.00 GHz, 800FSB)  One PCI Express x16 slot - supporting up to 150 watt PCIe graphics cards  Three 32bit/33MHz PCI slots (mini-tower) four 32bit/33MHz PCI slots (desktop)  1.0GB (2x512MB DIMM) 533MHz DDR2 ECC SDRAM Memory  Broadcom® 10/100/1000 Gigabit1 Ethernet LOM (LAN on Motherboard)  Hard Drive 80GB (7,200 rpm) Serial ATA Hard Drive with DataBurst Cache™  450 watt power supply mini-tower and desktop  16x max DVD+/-RW Drive (supports CD/RW)  3.5" 1.44MB floppy drive  1 Serial, 1 Parallel, 8 USB2.0 (2 front, 6 Rear)  Integrated AC’97 Audio  AS500 Flat Panel Speakers for 20” LCD monitors  Keyboard, Mouse  PCIe DirectX9 Graphics card ATI Radeon 800XT  Flat panel LCD monitors – high quality, 20” with DVI input, such as the Dell UltraSharp 2001FB.

1.3 Scanning/Deployment System The Eagle Gantry is a facility that inspects vehicles parked between the rails supporting the moving Gantry. The system employs local utilities, including power and water and sewerage for the Control Room, if available. An optional electric generator can be provided. The X-ray images are sent via cable from the Detector assembly on the Gantry to the IAW located in the nearby Control Room.

Either radiation shielding walls surround the inspection site, as shown in Figure 6 or a security fence set further out sets the safety exclusion zone. The shielding consists of concrete walls constructed on site or assembled from concrete blocks specially designed as radiation shielding. Use of the blocks enables the shielding to be moved with the system, if necessary. The Eagle Rail is designed to be easily and rapidly relocatable, as follows:  Dismantle Environmental shelter  Source – Detach the source from the gantry.  Detector Array – Detach the array from the gantry.  Gantry – Disassemble the gantry into large subassemblies sized for ease of transport via truck or rail car.  Remove the rails, if applicable

 Disassemble the radiation shielding blocks, if applicable.  Disconnect all cables from the inspection facility to the control room.  Load all the components, including the Control Room, on to trucks or rail cars.  Transport the components to the new site and assemble there. Preparation of required infrastructure for the new site includes  Install rails.  Prepare a suitable site for the control room.  Run cables between the inspection facility and the control room  Install the radiation shielding

1.4 Facility The Eagle Gantry site, illustrated in Figure 1, includes the following elements:  An Optional Environmental Relocatable Shelter  Inspection Facility – The inspection facility includes the gantry, rails and associated equipment. The size of the inspection facility is approximately 34 m x 11 m (Figure 5), which is large enough to inspect the longest vehicle permitted on EU roads. A shorter facility can be provided for vehicles less than 25 metres in length.  Optional Concrete Block Radiation Shielding - The Inspection Facility may be surrounded by a concrete wall, which provides radiation shielding. The wall extends on either side along the entire length of the rails. At each end, the walls reduce the opening to 3.6 m, which helps to contain the scattered radiation. The openings are sized to accommodate easily the widest EU legal vehicle. As an alternative a security fence may be erected at a suitable distance around the facility to provide an radiation exclusion zone. The concrete wall may be constructed using conventional methods, if the radiation shielding is considered part of the infrastructure. Alternatively, the wall may be assembled from interlocking concrete blocks if the radiation shielding must be relocatable. The wall is thicker behind the detector than the source, as shown in Figure 4.  Control Room – The inspector(s) is located in the Control Room, which is immediately adjacent to the Inspection Facility. The Control Room is an easily transportable structure, which is large enough to house the required equipment and operator(s). A typical control room with three inspector stations is shown in Figure 7. This design includes a separate electrical equipment room and space for the X-ray source modulator and the scan control racks.

12.26.2 m

Scan Modulator Control Rack Scan Electrical Control 2.2.44m m Equipment Rack Room

Storage

Figure 7 - Eagle Gantry Control Room CCTV System. A closed circuit television (CCTV) system enables the operators to view the Eagle Gantry’s inspection site and its surroundings. They will use the system to ensure that all personnel, including all occupants of the vehicles, have left the inspection facility before initiating a scan.

2. SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 2.1 Radiation Safety The Eagle Gantry is designed to meet all applicable international and local radiation safety standards, to be operated safely and to minimize the risk to crew, bystanders and even stowaways, who may be present during an inspection.

Radiation Standards. The Eagle Gantry is designed to meet the requirements of International Radiation Safety Standards. Specifically, the Eagle Gantry’s radiation safety systems are designed to ensure compliance with the following radiation exposure limits:

 EC Basic Safety Standard Directive, 96/29/Euratom. In line with ICRP 60.  South African Code of Practice for Industrial Radiography – X-ray Radiography, Department of Health, Directorate of Radiation Control, January 2002.  The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends that the dose to members of the public be limited to no more than 1 mSv/year (100 mR/year). The Commission’s recommendations are incorporated into the laws and standards governing radiation safety of many countries and international organizations. For example, they are contained in the International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency.  The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for a cabinet X-ray system limit the exposure rate to 5 µSv/hr (0.5 mR/hr) at a distance of 5 cm from the external surface of the system. For mobile X-ray systems, an observer may not receive more than 5 µSv/hr (0.5 mR/hr) as the system passes within 5 cm of the observer.

The Eagle Gantry’s warnings, interlocks, and emergency stops are also consistent with the following additional standards and regulations:

 EU Standards and CE Certified.  Underwriter’s Laboratory Standard UL2601-1  European Standard EN60601-2-1:1998 for Medical Electrical Equipment  The International Atomic Energy Agency in their Safety Reports Series No. 13, “Radiation Protection and Safety in Industrial Radiography”

Radiation Shielding. The Inspection Facility may be surrounded by a concrete wall, which is sized to provide required radiation shielding, 5m tall (Figure 8). The wall thickness (0.5m) is such that a person standing on the far side will not receive a hazardous dose of radiation. Notice that the shielding wall is thicker on the detector side of the facility than the source side. Because openings in the shielding are needed for entry and exit of vehicles, the primary radiation scatter path is through these openings, as shown in Figure 9. At each end of the facility, the openings are narrowed to help contain the scatter. The optional ramp shown down the centreline of the system is to facilitate the requirement of scanning from 0m to 4.6m.

Figure 8 - Radiation Shielding Block Design

Figure 9 - Radiation Shielding Block Design Plan view

Exclusion Zone. The radiation exclusion zone (controlled area), is designed to meet the requirement of the Radiation Regulations, Because the concrete shield wall contains most of the radiation, the primary scatter occurs out each end of the facility. During an inspection, the scattered radiation will be mitigated by absorption within the vehicles and their cargo. To be conservative in computing the size of the exclusion, a worst-case scatterer was assumed. Where there is sufficient space a security fence set around the facility could negate the need for concrete shielding walls.

Radiation Exposure. Once a vehicle is parked within the facility, the occupants walk through one of the openings and wait inside the Control Room or a separate waiting area. The Control Room is situated adjacent to the shield wall, which protects operators and inspectors from harmful radiation. The security fence limits the exposure to bystanders to the legal limits.

Dose to Cargo. Rapiscan Systems and US Customs have measured the dose to the cargo during an Eagle inspection at 6 MeV. Customs tests were conducted with a radiological dummy to represent a potential stowaway. The measured dose is approximately 30 µSv. The Eagle Gantry, which also operates at either 4.5 or 6MeV, will be as safe and result in a similar dose to a stowaway.

2.2 Safety and Security Safety. An extensive safety system is incorporated in the Eagle Gantry design, including:

 The site may be surrounded by a Relocatable shelter with controlled access points that prevents unauthorized access. Automatic gates are located at the entrance and exit to the site, which provide access to the vehicles. Alternatively a Customer supplied Security fence will provide the necessary Exclusion Zone and access prevention.

 Audible warning alarms sound prior to turning on the X-ray source.

 Warning lights are activated prior to turning on the X-ray source and remain on until the source is disabled.

 An integrated safety interlock system prevents the X-ray source from firing until all interlocks are properly engaged. X-ray production is automatically terminated if an interlock is violated while x rays are being produced.

 Emergency off switches (panic buttons) are provided at several locations around the site. They will disable or terminate X-ray production.

 An X-ray source control console equipped with a keyed switch, a control to initiate and terminate x rays, and two independent means to indicate when x rays are being generated.

 A closed circuit television system gives the operators a clear view of all areas of the facility and particularly the inside of the X-ray facility.

 A public address system that enables the operators to communicate with personnel in the area.

Security. Security features of the Eagle include:

 Access to the computer system is controlled by access to authorized accounts and passwords. Different functions are available to operators, engineers and the system manager.

 An access control system admits only authorized personnel to the Control Room. 2.3 Environment The Eagle Gantry is designed to operate throughout the world under the following environmental conditions:  Temperature range: - 25 °C to + 45 °C  Humidity range: 0% to 100%