VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the Following Terms s1

Name______Class______Date______SECTION 32-1 REVIEW THE NATURE OF ANIMALS

VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. vertebrate______2. ingestion______3. dorsal nerve cord______4. cephalization______MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. ______1. Which of the following statements accurately describes animals? a. All animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack cell walls. b. All animals are multicellular, some are heterotrophic, and some lack cell walls. c. Some animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack cell walls. d. Some animals are multicellular, some are heterotrophic, and some lack cell walls. ______2. An animal’s ability to move results from the interrelationship between a. dermal tissue and vascular tissue. c. nervous tissue and muscle tissue. b. vascular tissue and nervous tissue. d. muscle tissue and ground tissue. ______3. Scientists infer that the first invertebrates evolved from a. simple vertebrates. c. loosely connected fungi. b. large groups of bacteria. d. colonial protists. ______4. Cephalization is associated with a. bilaterally symmetrical animals. c. sponges. b. radially symmetrical animals. d. hydras. ______5. A body cavity aids in an animal’s movement by a. anchoring the animal firmly to objects in its environment. b. providing a firm structure against which muscles can contract. c. giving rise to muscle tissue during embryonic development. d. secreting a fluid that allows the animal to glide over surfaces. SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Explain the relationship between differentiation and specialization.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 177 The Nature of Animals Name______Class______Date______2. On what basis do taxonomists group animals into phyla? ______3. Why is cephalization important to animals? ______4. Name three functions of a coelom.______5. Critical Thinking Why is it important for a taxonomist to look at patterns of development when trying to classify animals?______STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS In the drawing of a prairie dog shown below, label the animal’s anterior and posterior ends and its dorsal and ventral sides in spaces a–d.

What type of symmetry does this animal have?______

SECTION 32-2 REVIEW INVERTEBRATES AND VERTEBRATES

VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. segmentation, vertebrae______

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 178 The Nature of Animals Name______Class______Date______2. integument, exoskeleton______MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. ______1. In a closed circulatory system, a. cells exchange nutrients directly with the environment. b. the bloodlike circulatory fluid never leaves the coelom. c. blood circulates through the body in tubular vessels. d. the blood carries gases but not nutrients or wastes. ______2. A gut is a a. structure specialized for gas exchange in water. b. simple excretory organ of invertebrates. c. digestive chamber with one opening. d. digestive tract that runs through the body. ______3. A hermaphrodite is an organism that a. produces only male gametes. c. produces both male and female gametes. b. produces only female gametes. d. does not produce any gametes. ______4. The moist skin of an amphibian functions as a. a respiratory organ. c. an insulating material. b. a structure for conserving water. d. a rigid exoskeleton. ______5. Development of zygotes outside the body of the female parent is a characteristic of a. all fishes and amphibians. b. many fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. c. all reptiles and birds. d. reptiles, birds, and some amphibians.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 179 The Nature of Animals Name______Class______Date______SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Name two animal phyla whose members show segmentation.______2. What waste excretion problem is shared by invertebrates and vertebrates? ______How do some invertebrates and vertebrates deal with this problem?______3. Explain how the legs of a deer and the integument of a reptile are adaptations for life on land. ______4. What is one advantage of the multichambered heart that is found in some vertebrates? ______5. Critical Thinking Name one advantage and one disadvantage of being a hermaphrodite. ______STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The table below summarizes the functions of some vertebrate structures. Complete the table by filling in the missing structures and functions.

Structure Function a ______filters wastes from the blood Lung or gill b ______c ______provides a barrier against the environment Brain d ______e ______Provides structural support for the body

SECTION 32-3 REVIEW FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 180 The Nature of Animals Name______Class______Date______1. archenteron, blastopore______2. pseudocoelom, coelom______3. protostome, deuterostome______4. schizocoely, enterocoely______MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. ______1. The eggs of different animal species vary greatly in size, depending on a. whether the egg and sperm are haploid or diploid. b. how long the food supply in the yolk must last. c. the number of chromosomes in the egg. d. the number of chromosomes in the sperm. ______2. The central cavity of a blastula is called a a. blastocoel. b. coelom. c. blastopore. d. gastrula. ______3. Body parts formed by the mesoderm include the a. lungs. b. liver. c. muscles. d. pancreas. ______4. Animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore include a. mollusks. b. arthropods. c. annelids. d. chordates. ______5. Animals that develop from three germ layers without a body cavity are called a. coelomates. c. acoelomates. b. pseudocoelomates. d. schizocoelomates.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 181 The Nature of Animals Name______Class______Date______SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Contrast the structure of a blastula with that of a gastrula.______2. Name the three germ layers in order, from outside to inside.______3. What features of development indicate that echinoderms and chordates are more closely related to each other than they are to other animals? ______4. Critical Thinking Why is it important to have a mechanism that prevents more than one sperm from entering an egg?______STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagrams below show coelom formation during the two distinct patterns of development that most animals can undergo. In spaces a and b, name each pattern of development. In spaces c and d, name each type of coelom formation. In spaces e and f, name the structure that the opening at the bottom becomes.