A. Primaryb. Safety C. Secondaryd. Esteem

1. After a long day, Velma begins to yawn. Fred and Daphne ask Velma if she would like to play a game with them. Even though Velma usually wins the game (which makes her feel very good about herself), she decides to turn down their offer and go to sleep. According to drive theory, Velma's decision is motivated by which type of need?

A. Primary B. Safety

C. Secondary D. Esteem 2. A psychologist, who favors the arousal theory of motivation, might explain why people take up skydiving as follows:

A. "They do it because it makes them more attractive to the opposite sex which should help them to spread their genes.

B. "They do it because they don't have enough excitement in their lives."

C. "They do it because they have learned that skydiving will allow them to satisfy some unmet, basic need."

D. "They do it for the prestige. It impresses other people." 3. When Calvin was asked why he was attending college, he responded, "It's the best way to get a good job." Calvin's answer is most consistent with which theory of motivation?

A. Instinct B. Drive

C. Arousal D. Incentive 4. Four children are working on airplane models. Which one appears to have the highest need to achieve?

A. Akira, who is very upset when he can't finish the model he started, after putting in a lot of effort.

B. Dorothy, who would rather receive help from an incompetent friend than from a knowledgeable stranger.

C. Hassan, who prefers to be helped, rather than have to struggle by himself.

D. Patricia, who selected a model of medium difficulty rather than an easy one that she was sure to finish successfully. 5. After a long day, Velma begins to yawn. Fred and Daphne ask Velma if she would like to play a game with them. Even though Velma usually wins the game (which makes her feel very good about herself), she decides to turn down their offer and go to sleep. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what type of need did Velma decide to fulfill, and what type of need did she decide to forego?

A. Physiological; safety B. Belongingness; esteem

C. Physiological; esteem D. Safety; belongingness 6. Which of the following violates Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A. Alisa wants to defer her wedding plans until she gets a well-paying job.

B. Chloe stays up for 48 hours as part of a sorority initiation.

C. Nader has a sandwich before joining his friends in a protest march.

D. Travis, after winning an Olympic medal, decides to volunteer to teach poor children to swim. 7. Which of the following people appears to be motivated by a primary drive: A. Allen, who is buying condoms at the pharmacy B. Bridget, who is getting her hair done for the prom

C. Chip, who is taking a lesson from a tennis pro D. Drew, who is working overtime to make more money 8. Brendan is taking a psychology class because his advisor told him he had to. Dinesh chose to take the same class, although he was not required to do so. In light of cognitive dissonance theory, how might Brendan and Dinesh view the course by the end of the semester?

A. Brendan will like the class much more than Dinesh.

B. Brendan will like the class a little more than Dinesh.

C. There will be no difference in how much Brendan and Dinesh like the class.

D. Dinesh will like the class more than Brendan. 9. Jacqueline was driven by intrinsic motivation when she

A. helped her mother to make cookies because she wanted to bring them to the school's cake sale.

B. did her English homework first because she loves reading stories.

C. ran in the race, hoping to win a medal. D. took out the garbage to earn her allowance. 10. Aaron went on a hunger strike to protest the increase in tuition at his school. After 5 hours, however, he became so obsessed with thoughts of food that he gave up and ran to the cafeteria. The structure in his forebrain that sensed that he hadn't eaten for a while was his

A. amygdala. B. hippocampus.

C. hypothalamus. D. thalamus. 11. Magda was starving. She ate six pieces of the bread that she had just purchased at the bakery. Then she felt quite full and couldn't believe how much she had eaten. The neurotransmitter that made her hungry was ______, whereas the hormone that put the brake on her eating was ______.

A. noradrenaline; melatonin B. melatonin; noradrenaline

C. leptin; neuropeptide Y D. neuropeptide Y; leptin 12. Rosie is overweight and is trying to lose weight. Four of her friends are trying to help by giving her advice. Which one should she listen to?

A. Andy, who says, "Drink juice instead of cola."

B. Cynthia, who says, "Eat a lot of fiber."

C. Dawn, who says, "Cut down on fruit because it contains sugar."

D. Ruth, who says, "Don't linger at the table. Eat quickly."

13. Timmy's friend came to visit with his hamster. When the hamster escaped and surprised Timmy's mother in the kitchen, she had an emotional fear reaction, the cognitive component of which was her

A. climbing on top of the kitchen counter. B. racing heart and the goose bumps on her arms.

C. loud screams of "Help! Rodents!" D. thinking that "This is one big scary rat." 14. In accordance with the facial-feedback hypothesis, A. Bob's friends knew when he was bluffing in poker.

B. every time Leslie smiled at a passerby, the person smiled back.

C. Tanya had an easier time guessing what emotion people were feeling than did her brother Paul.

D. the more Justin frowned, the more unhappy he felt at the party. 15. Last week, Muriel saw a poisonous snake in her neighbor's backyard. Her amygdala enabled her to

A. decide to flee the place. B. determine that the snake was a threat.

C. look scared. D. remember the exact location where she saw the snake. 16. Muzna was walking home alone on a dark, deserted street when she heard heavy footsteps behind her. Her heart started to race, her mouth became dry, and she began to sweat. Upon realizing that her body was reacting as if in fear, she became scared. The above scenario fits best with which theory of emotion?

A. The Cannon-Bard theory B. The dual pathway model of fear

C. The James-Lange theory D. The two-factor theory 17. Lauren thought she heard a gunshot. According to the dual-pathway model of fear, the sound will be processed first in her brain by the thalamus, after which it will branch off in two directions, one going directly to the amygdala and the other to the

A. auditory cortex. B. cerebellum.

C. hippocampus. D. hypothalamus. 18. Sasha and Stacy are in a companionate relationship. Compared to Ben and Brenda who have a passionate relationship, Sasha and Stacy's relationship can be characterized as more

A. arousing. B. intense.

C. romantic. D. psychologically intimate. 19. Cassidy and Marina met on the "Love at First Sight" television show. Although they had no chance to share their thoughts and feelings in private, after only two episodes, they announced that they truly love each other and plan on getting married. In Sternberg's triangular model, this type of love would most likely be called

A. companionate love. B. consummate love.

C. fatuous love. D. romantic love.

20. "Why do you go hang gliding?" asked Brendan's mother. "Every once in a while, things get too dull, and I feel that I need to get some excitement into my life," he answered. Which theory best explains what motivates someone like Brendan to go hang gliding?

A. Arousal theory B. Incentive theory

C. Instinct theory D. Cognitive-dissonance theory 21. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when it comes to optimal performance, A. low arousal is better than high arousal. B. high arousal is better than low arousal.

C. routine tasks require lower arousal than do difficult tasks.

D. difficult tasks require lower arousal than do routine tasks. 22. Every year, Luke trades in his current automobile for the latest model only because he likes the "new car feel" and thinks that it is worth the extra expense. Which theory of motivation best explains Luke's behavior?

A. Cognitive-dissonance theory B. Drive theory

C. Incentive theory D. Instinct theory 23. In Festinger's classical study of cognitive dissonance, how did the participants evaluate the activity?

A. All said that it was very boring.

B. The control group said it was enjoyable. Everyone else was bored.

C. Those who were paid $1 found it enjoyable. Everyone else was bored.

D. Those who were paid $20 found it enjoyable. Everyone else was bored. 24. Bobby has a high need for achievement. His friend Jeff has a low need for achievement. Bobby is more likely than Jeff to

A. take failure in stride. B. choose goals that are easy to achieve.

C. do his utmost to avoid failure. D. set unrealistic goals for himself. 25. Reynaldo aspires to be a great soccer player. He is not particularly interested in money or fame, just in playing as well as he knows he can. Reynaldo is fulfilling which needs on Maslow's hierarchy?

A. Safety needs B. Love and belongingness needs

C. Physiological needs D. Self-actualization needs 26. The percentage of Americans who are obese is closest to?

A. 5 percent B. 10 percent

C. 25 percent D. 40 percent 27. What is the set point?

A. The number of calories that equals one pound of weight B. The number of fat cells in an adult's body

C. The range at which the body's weight is maintained D. The rate at which the body burns calories while at rest

28. You could tell by looking at Janet's face that she was really angry with her brother. Her facial expression constituted which component of her anger?

A. Arousal B. Behavioral

C. Biological D. Cognitive 29. Which statement about polygraphs is TRUE: A. Polygraphs are reliable measures. B. Polygraphs are not susceptible to faking.

C. Polygraphs actually assess lying. D. Polygraphs measure physiological activity. 30. The theory that attributes motivation wholly to automatic, involuntary, unlearned behavior patterns is

A. arousal theory. B. drive theory.

C. incentive theory. D. instinct theory. 31. The tendency to maintain a constant or balanced physiological state is known as

A. basal metabolism. B. intrinsic motivation.

C. storge. D. homeostasis. 32. Danielle's friend Don is obese. She wants to help him lose weight, so she hooks an electrode to a part of his brain. When she thinks that he has eaten enough food, she will stimulate that part of his brain to make him stop eating. To which part of Don's brain has Danielle attached the electrode?

A. The hippocampus B. The ventromedial hypothalamus

C. The corpus callosum D. The lateral hypothalamus 33. Because Enrique is obese, which of the following is most likely to be true about him?

A. He has the same number of fat cells as normal weight individuals.

B. He is just as active as a typical lean person.

C. He is more at risk for diabetes than a typical lean person.

D. His body-mass index (BMI) is at least 30. 34. Charlene occasionally eats large amounts of food and then eliminates the meal by making herself vomit. She would most likely be diagnosed with

A. obesity. B. anorexia nervosa.

C. bulimia nervosa. D. arousal disorder. 35. Tiffany, an anorexic teen and her friend Stella, who is bulimic are alike in that both

A. eat the same amounts of food. B. equate being thin with being attractive.

C. have a life-threatening disorder. D. know that they need to get better. 36. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ______needs take precedence over ______needs.

A. belongingness; esteem B. esteem; safety

C. safety; physiological D. self-actualization; love 37. The limbic system structure that evaluates stimuli and decides whether they represent a danger to the individual is the

A. amygdala. B. hippocampus.

C. hypothalamus. D. pituitary gland. 38. Hector is sitting down and relaxing. His heartbeat is slow, and his stomach digests his lunch. Which of his systems has been activated? A. Pyramidal motor system B. Sympathetic nervous system

C. Extrapyramidal system D. Parasympathetic nervous system 39. In a haunted house, Samantha sees a witch. As Samantha's body responds to the situation, she becomes very scared. Because her bodily response and her emotional reaction occur simultaneously, Samantha's experience is most consistent with which theory of emotion?

A. The James-Lange theory B. Schachter's two-factor model

C. The Cannon-Bard theory D. The dual-pathway model

How can you improve your life right now by applying concepts learned in these modules?