DOCSLIB.ORG

THE ASPECTS of IMPLEMENTING a LEGAL LAND CADASTRE in the REPUBLIC of ARMENIA August 1994 January 1995 Prepared for the U.S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE ASPECTS of IMPLEMENTING a LEGAL LAND CADASTRE in the REPUBLIC of ARMENIA August 1994 January 1995 Prepared for the U.S THE ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING A LEGAL LAND CADASTRE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA August 1994 January 1995 Prepared for the U.S. Agency for International Development Bureau of Private Enterprise Office of Housing and Urban Programs By Walter G. Robillard INTERNATIONAL CITY/COUNTY MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION USAID Contract No. CCS-0008-C-00-2056-00 Project No. 110-0008 Task Order No. 58 Shelter Sector Reform Project for the Newly Independent States of the Former Sovie. Union INDEX THE ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING A LEGAL LAND CADASTRE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA Page ABSTRACT i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF A LEGAL CADASTRE 1 II. DISCUSSION OF THE ELEMENTS 1 A. THE NEED FOR AN ADEQUATE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY OF A PARCEL OF LAND 1 B. ADEQUATE SURVEYS OF MONUMENTATION: A REQUIREMENT FOR GOOD DECRIPONS 2 C. A SINGLE LEGAL DOCUMENT SHOULD BE USED FOR ALL THRhE CADASTRES 3 D. ALL INDIVIDUALS UNDERSTAND THE CADASTRE 3 E. A CADASTRAL PROGRAM MUST HAVE A SINGLE DIRECTION, ADEQUATE FINANCING, AND QUALIFIED SURVEY AND O. FICE PERSONNEL 4 III. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 5 IV. PRELUDE TO THE REPORT 7 A. HISTORY 7 B. PRESENT STATUS 9 V. SCOPE OF WORK 10 VI. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CADASTRE 11 A. THE THREE CADASTRES 11 VII. RECOMMENDATIONS OF TASK COMPLETION 12 A. DISCUSSION OF TASKS 12 B. TASK 1 - LONG TERM RECOMMENDATIONS 14 C. TASK 2 - DISCUSSION 19 D. TASK 2 - LONG TERM RECOMMENDATIONS 21 E. TASK 3 - DISCUSSION 22 F. TASK 3 - LONG TERM RECOMMENDATIONS 25 G. TASK 4 - DISCUSSION 28 H. TASK 4 - LONG TERM RECOMMENDATIONS 29 I. TASK 5 - DISCUSSION 32 J. TASK 5 - LONG TERM RECOMMENDATIONS 35 VIII. SUPPLEMENTAL COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 38 A. SUCCESS 38 B. COMMENTS 38 C. RECOMMENDATIONS 39 IX. EPILOGUE 42 X. SPECIAL APPRECIATION 43 LIST OF ANNEXES 44 ABSTRACT This report is a continuation and a supplement to previous reports by Richard Almy and Lynn Holstein that were directed to tht ";reationof a fiscal and a legal cadastre in the Republic of Armenia. It proposes recommendations relative to physically implementing a legal cadastre. Certain areas are addressed including the need for adequate base maps at all levels of the cadastre, a proposed method of indexing all parcels, and suggested methods for improving surveys and the monumentation of the land parcels surveyed. The author recognizes there are very capable agencies and individuals within the Republic of Armenia who have given serious though and consideration to a cadastral system, yet throughout the report the author realizes the frustration of inadequate financing and a multiplicity of responsibilities for the cadastre. This report also recognizes a United Nations-Food and Agricultural Organization study of the cadastral system in Armenia. The report is sound, but unfortunately does not recognize that at this time the Republic of Armenia is unable to undertake any serious financial commitments towards a complete cadastre. Considering these realities the author makes his recommendations, realizing that the immediate recommendations will not achieve a perfect system at this time, but their implementation hopefully will help the Republic of Armenia to initiate a total cadastral system that can be modified at a later date when adequate funding becomes available. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is a summary and findings of a short-term technical assistance mission to the Republic of Armenia by Walter G. Robillard in July/August 1994. The purpose of this mission was to assist the Republic in implementing a Legal Cadastre. For a period of approximately three years the Republic has been in the process of distributing former Government lands to private individuals through a process they call "privatization." This mission worked in cooperation with Richard Alny, who was studying the Fiscal Cadastre, during 1993 and 1994 and supplemented work by Lynn Holstein who was advising and studying the total cadastre in 1993. ii I. ESTABLISHMENT OF A LEGAL CADASTRE This report attempts strictly to address the legal cadastre. It nay, however, seem in conflict with prior reports in considering the fiscal cadastre, the legal cadastre, and the multi-purpose cadastre as one unified cadastre composed of three separate ulements, each with certain common elements, yet each being used for separate and distinct purposes. Some main common elements that must be included in all of the three cadastres and which are addressed in this report are: a. an adequate description of the property or parcel of land. b. a sound legal description of land, other than apartments or condominiums, is dependent on an adequate survey performed on the ground and adequate monumentation. c. a single legal document should be used for all three cadastres and for future conveyancing purposes. d. all individuals understand the purpose and requirements of a cadastre. e. a cadastral program must have single direction, adequate financing, and qualified survey and office personnel. f. a modem cadastral system to be effective and responsive to present and future needs must employ modern technology. II. DISCUSSION OF THE ELEMENTS A. THE NEED FOR AN ADEQUATE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY OF PARCEL OF LAND 1. Multiple Descriptions Found. The consultant found all 38 Districts, Arnigeoprizem, and the City of Yerevan were each using independent systems for describing privatized parcels. In one instance it was found the same parcel number was used several times in the same district. A single identification system should be instituted for all land parcels, and each distinct unit of a building which may be separately owned should have its own reference aumber unique to that one parcel or unit. All prior consultants to Armenia and to other countries agree with the aforementioned. but there is some disagreement as to the number of parcels that can be conveyed in a single 1 document or Certificate of Title. Legally, there is no need to provide for a separate document to convey a single parcel. If the description of the parcel is adequate and unique, legally multiple parcels, including land, dwellings, and apartments can be conveyed in the same document. At a later time the system should provide that separate conveyances may be made. The City of Yerevan has excellent records and to convert these records, modem legal documents should be standardized and computerized for efficient and effective use for both fiscal and legal cadastral purposes. A legal cadastral system and its descriptions should reflect the condition of the parcel at the time the Certificate of Title is granted or transferred. Descriptions must provide for the selling of property rights and the descriptions of these rights: easements, minerals, water, etc. The ultimate plan should be to show these unique parcels on cadastral maps that will be maintained where the Certificates of Title are prepared. An unambiguous description is best provided for by a combination of field surveys, which are then identified on general maps of the area and specific maps of each parcel, and aerial photographs. There is no compiete index of what maps, scales and dates are available in the Republic. Little information was available as to the availability of aerial photographs. Whenever maps of cadastral accomplishments were shown, the maps were on "metal mounted" bases. It was fully explained that if multiple copies of these were available, but it was assumed the copy presented was the master and only copy available. No base maps were found in the villages. All maps were maintained at the Government Offices in Yerevan. These metal mounted boards must be reproduced so copies can be made available to the field offices. Technology is available in the country to accomplish this work, but there is a scarcity of photographic materials, reproducible mylar (plastic ba'e film), and electricity to perform basic photographic operations. There isan urgent need to update existing maps and to make copies available to the districts, villages, and other agencies and offices which maintain cadastral records. It is recommended that one of the first tasks that should be accomplished is a single identification be used for each separate parcel or unit. This was discussed and will be implemented. 2 B. ADEQUATE SURVEYS AND MONUMENTATION: A REQUIREMENT FOR GOOD DESCRIPTIONS An examination of field practices of survey crews found outdated and basic methods completing of field surveys. The Final Certificates of Title are being withheld until field surveys can be completed in the villages. This is being done so the exact area and dimensions can placed be on the State Act. There is now a five year backlog in rural areas and in some villages. No monumentation of comers was done, and no bearings were depicted on the maps. All parcels were described by artificial features, fences, neighbors, roads, ',ut monumentation of all comers was lacking. These surveyors are creating the original boundaries of the parcels and as such boundaries these will forever remain the legal boundaries. As such, all corners and lines should be adequately marked. These recommendations are made with the full realization there is barely enough to survey funding the lands, let alone place expensive monuments at all corners or at least at comers. major It is recommended the survey agencies consider the necessity of placing monuments and attempt to make funds available to place these monuments in the ground at the time of survey. Equipment of the survey crews should upgraded. Although modern total stations cannot be financed, the present plane tables should be replaced, and adequate small supplemental drafting equipment, survey tapes and other support equipment should be made available. C. A SINGLE LEGAL DOCUMENT SHOULD BE USED FOR ALL THREE CADASTRES A unique situation was found where two separate agencies and the City of Yerevan were using separate documents to convey parcels and apartments.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3D Cadastre Development and Management in Delta State of Nigeria
    3D Cadastre Development and Management in Delta State of Nigeria Oluseye Thomas DABIRI, Nigeria Key words : 3D Cadastre, Delta State, Nigeria SUMMARY This paper is an overview of 3D Cadastre Data Development and Management in Delta State of Nigeria. The focus of this presentation is to discuss the level of development of the 3D Cadastre Data relating it to the world developed states. Details of the Delta State Geography are also presented in this paper. 3D Parcel in Delta State is Homogenous that is same combination of rights equally apply within the whole 3D spatial unit. (Van Oosterom et al 2010). The government stake and usage are stated; with the professional input and contributions to the 3D Cadastre data development and management. It is of conclusion that 3D Cadastre high level development and management in the developed states are more of high versatility and utility than in a developing state of Delta State where 3D Cadastre is not only homogenous but not attracting much investment for its development. The major aim of the paperwork is to share our experience and to showcase the need to know that in different parts of the world system grows in different ways as the needs of the people grow the awareness for better data developments and management become imperative. 497 Oluseye Thomas Dabiri 3D Cadastre Development and Management in Delta State of Nigeria 2nd International Workshop on 3D Cadastres 16-18 November 2011, Delft, the Netherlands 3D Cadastre Development and Management in Delta State of Nigeria Oluseye Thomas DABIRI, Nigeria 1. INTRODUCTION 3D cadastre data is a tool of sustenance for the land owners and government; tools for the land owners for their responsibilities, rights and restrictions (RRR); tools for government for land management and general taxation.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2030 Agenda, Cities and Urban Governance a Central Role for Land and Geospatial Information
    THE 2030 AGENDA, CITIES AND URBAN GOVERNANCE A CENTRAL ROLE FOR LAND AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION Abbas Rajabifard Immediate Past President and Executive Board Member, GSDI Association Director, Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Head, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne GLOBAL AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MILLENNIUM SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT GOALS GOALS 2000 2015 2030 THE 2030 AGENDA AND SDGS THE 2030 AGENDA AND SDGS NEEDDIRECT GOOD LINK LAND/SPATIAL TO LAND RESOURCES INFORMATION LAND, PEOPLE AND SUSTAINABILITY Scarce Population RRRs Resources Increase Social Climate Inclusion Change Ownerships Location links us to where we are and Urban Wealth Sprawl Land whatSustainability we are doing. People Creation Vertical Villages Degraded and Health and Contaminated Land Wellbeing BY 2030… “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.” Indicators: • Housing and basic services • Transport systems and road safety • Inclusive and sustainable urbanisation • Protect and safeguard cultural and natural heritage • Reduce impact of disasters; Hyogo framework • Reduce environmental impact of cities • Access to green and public spaces • National and regional planning • Sustainable and resilient buildings using local materials BY 2030… 60% world’s population will live in cities “Cities will play a key role in the success of achieving SDGs” 600cities will account for – Habitat III 60% global GDP Dobbs et al., 2011; Bouton et al., 2013 URBANISATION TREND WILL CONTINUE COMPLEX
    [Show full text]
  • NGDA Theme Descriptions
    OMB Supplemental Guidance – Appendix E – NGDA Data Themes, Definitions, and Lead Agencies Updated March 24, 2017 Revision history – FGDC Approved Actions - Address Theme added as 17th Theme August 8, 2016 and definition approved March 24, 2017 - "Biota" Theme name changed to "Biodiversity and Ecosystems" Theme June 16, 2016 - Framework indication added June 29, 2015 - "Governmental Units" Theme name changed to "Governmental Units, and Administrative and Statistical Boundaries" Theme February 1, 2013 - Revised the original list of 34 NSDI Data Themes to 16 National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) Themes August 19, 2011 - National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Data Themes list with Theme descriptions and Theme leads agencies as endorsed by the FGDC Steering Committee with concurrence from OMB August 19, 2002 NGDA Theme NGDA Theme Description Theme Lead Agency(ies) Address The Address Theme consists of the data elements, attributes, and metadata that specify a fixed geographic location Department of Commerce, by reference to a thoroughfare or landmark, or specify a point of postal delivery, or both. The address theme does not U.S. Census Bureau include information about occupants or addressees nor does it include the attribute information about any features that AND may be specified by an address point. The address theme may include linkages to these feature attributes and other Dept. of Transportation location reference methods. Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pertain to, or describes, the dynamic processes, interactions, distributions, and relationships between and among Dept. of the Interior, organisms and their environments. U.S. Geological Survey *Cadastre Past, current, and future rights and interests in real property including the spatial information necessary to describe geographic extents.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Land Legible: Cadastres for Urban Planning and Development
    Making Land Legible Cadastres for Urban Planning and Development in Latin America POLICY FOCUS REPORT LINCOLN INSTITUTE OF LAND POLICY DIEGO ALFONSO ERBA AND MARIO ANDRÉS PIUMETTO POLICY FOCUS REPORTS The Policy Focus Report series is published by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy to address timely public-policy issues relating to land use, land markets, and property taxation. Each report is designed to bridge the gap between theory and practice by combining research findings, case studies, and contributions from scholars in a variety of academic disciplines and from professional practitioners, local officials, and citizens in diverse communities. ABOUT THIS REPORT In Latin America, a territorial cadastre is a public registry that manages information relating to parcels of land. In much of the region, cadastres are structured under the orthodox model imported from Europe long ago, which accounts only for economic, physical, and legal characteristics. This model has several limitations: it is typically restricted to private properties; much of the information may be out of date and incomplete; and it does not encom- pass key parcel-level data needed for urban policy decisions—such as information on transportation, infrastruc- ture, and utility networks—which is scattered among several unconnected institutions and in different formats. In recent years, an increasing number of jurisdictions in Latin America have begun to adopt the multipurpose cadastre (MPC) model. An MPC is based on a partnership of stakeholders committed to generating extensive, precise, detailed, and up-to-date information about a city. It shares alphanumeric data and maps as well as human and financial resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Digitizing and Georeferencing of the Historical Cadastral Maps (1856-60) of Hungary
    5th International Workshop on Digital Approaches in Cartographic Heritage Vienna, Austria, 22–24 February 2010 G. Timár∗ and S. Biszak∗∗ Digitizing and georeferencing of the historical cadastral maps (1856-60) of Hungary Keywords: historical maps, cadastre, geo-reference, projections, Hungary, Habsburg Empire Summary: In the historical Hungary, as a part of the Habsburg Empire, the first preserved and systematic cadastral survey was carried out between 1856 and 1859. Interestingly enough, this cadastral mapping, which was called in Hungary as 'Provisional' was sur- veyed simultaneously with the Stable Cadastre in the Austrian regions of the Empire. By the commission of the State Archives of Hungary, the Hungarian company Arcanum Ltd. scanned over 46,000 cadastral sheets of the Provisional Cadastre, mostly covering the pre- sent-day Hungary but also some copies covering parts of the present-day Croatia, Slovakia and Austria. The sheets were rectified by the calculated coordinates at the corner points. With the correct projection and datum parameters, the cadastral mosaic, based on the indi- vidual sheets and the digitized borders of the administrative units, is presented in any modern coordinate systems in GIS. Using this feature, the product is published as a DVD series by old counties as well as in the Internet. Introduction The cadastral mapping activity, as a base of the land taxation, has been started throughout the Habsburg Empire quite early, after the Napoleonic Wars. The first, so called ‘Provisional’ cadas- tral works were followed by the Stable Cadastres after 1850 (Hofstätter 1989; Kretschmer et al. 2004). This agenda was somewhat delayed in the Hungarian parts of the Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing Fuzzy Boundaries in Community Delimitations For
    Addressing Fuzzy Boundaries in Community Delimitations for Systematic Cadastre in Mozambique João Carrilho Marisa Balas National Directorate of Land EXI Lda [email protected] [email protected] Mario Ruy Marques Zileque Macate Verde Azul Lda Verde Azul Lda marioruy.marques @gmail.com [email protected] Christiaan Lemmen Dutch Kadaster [email protected] Paper prepared for presentation at the “2019 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY” The World Bank - Washington DC, March 25-29, 2019 Copyright 2019 by author(s). All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Abstract This article is part of a series of studies that have been conducted regarding the process of systematic registration of land rights in Mozambique, both for communities and individual occupants. The methodology adopted to support the systematic registration, combines the delimitation of community lands and the registration of individual parcels. According to the proposed methodology, the outline of community boundaries must be established before individual rights are captured, and that must be the result of a consultative and participatory process. It is known that various conflicts between neighboring communities and individual users result from boundary disputes. Furthermore, when considering the concepts of “continuum of rights” and “bundle of rights” (UN-HABITAT, 2008), provision should be made for overlapping and sharing of rights in the same parcel (Agustinus & Lemmen, 2011). If not taken care of, systematic land rights recordation can lead to an increase of conflict situations. Therefore, one of the main challenges requiring solutions through the methodology is that of boundaries: administrative, inter-communities and inter-parcels.
    [Show full text]
  • OMB Circular No. A-16 Revised
    OMB Circular No. A-16 Revised M-11-03, Issuance of OMB Circular A-16 Supplemental Guidance (November 10, 2010) (34 pages, 530 kb) August 19, 2002 TO THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISHMENTS SUBJECT: Coordination of Geographic Information and Related Spatial Data Activities This Circular provides direction for federal agencies that produce, maintain or use spatial data either directly or indirectly in the fulfillment of their mission. This Circular establishes a coordinated approach to electronically develop the National Spatial Data Infrastructure and establishes the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). The Circular has been revised from the 1990 version to reflect changes in technology, further describe the components of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), and assign agency roles and responsibilities for development of the NSDI. The revised Circular names the Deputy Director for Management of OMB as Vice-Chair of the Federal Geographic Data Committee. TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND 1. What is the purpose of this Circular? 2. What is the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)? a. What is the vision of the NSDI? b. What are the components of the NSDI? (1) What is a data theme? (2) What are metadata? (3) What is the National Spatial Data Clearinghouse? (4) What is a standard? (5) How are NSDI standards developed? (6) What is the importance of collaborative partnerships? (7) What are the federal activities and technologies that support the NSDI? 3. What are the benefits of the NSDI? 4. What is the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)? a. What is the FGDC structure and membership? b. What are the FGDC procedures? POLICY 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Cadastral Strategic Plan - April 2017 Page 1
    Theme Strategic Plan for Cadastral Theme Bureau of Land Management - Cadastral Survey Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) 2017 – 2021 April 2017 Cadastral Strategic Plan - April 2017 Page 1 Cadastral (Cadastre) Theme FY 2017 Implementation Plan Report Theme Personnel Theme Lead (Co-Leads): Don Buhler and Robert Ader Theme Lead Agency(ies): Bureau of Land Management (BLM) - Cadastral Survey/Geosciences Executive Theme Champion(s): Tod Dabolt Executive Champion Agency(ies): Department of Interior Cadastral Theme NGDA Datasets NGDA Agency U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Work Land Data DOD-USACE BIA Indian Lands Dataset (Indian Lands of the United States) DOI-BIA Public Land Survey System (PLSS) Dataset Catalog DOI-BLM Department of Defense Land Parcels and Sites DOD-AT&L BLM National Surface Management Agency: Area Polygons, Withdrawal Area Polygons, and Special Public Purpose Withdrawal Area Polygons DOI-BLM FS National Forest Dataset (US Forest Service Proclaimed Forests) USDA-USFS FWS Interest DOI-FWS NPS National Parks Dataset DOI-NPS Outer Continental Shelf Active Renewable Energy Leases DOI-BOEM Outer Continental Shelf Block Aliquots DOI-BOEM Outer Continental Shelf Lease Blocks - Alaska Region NAD83 DOI-BOEM Outer Continental Shelf Lease Blocks - Atlantic Region NAD83 DOI-BOEM Outer Continental Shelf Lease Blocks - Gulf of Mexico Region NAD27 DOI-BOEM Outer Continental Shelf Lease Blocks - Pacific Region - West Coast NAD83 DOI-BOEM Outer Continental Shelf Official Protraction Diagrams - Alaska Region NAD 83 DOI-BOEM Outer
    [Show full text]
  • Country Report of Ukraine – 2018
    Submitted to United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM) Country Report of Ukraine – 2018 Towards digitalization, e-government and geospatial initiatives prepared by the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre 2 Content: Introduction 1. State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre (StateGeoCadastre) 2. Key achievements of StateGeoCadastre 2.1 Surveying and Mapping 2.2 State Land Cadastre development 2.3 Land management & land market 3. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in Ukraine 3.1 Legislative background 3.2 Operational model 3.3 Standards 3.4 Institutional arrangements 3.5 Initiatives and implemented projects 4. International cooperation 3 Introduction Being one of the biggest countries in Europe, Ukraine in the same time is considered to be one of the youngest democracies in the newest history. 1/3 of European black soils are concentrated in Ukraine granting the country one of the greatest potentials in land relations and agriculture. After receiving the independence in 1991 a comprehensive reforming process started in each sphere of the country. In 2014 Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the EU which determined the European vector of development for the country. Land reform in Ukraine started in December 1991 and is aiming on titling of the agricultural lands of former collective farms and establishment of open and transparent land market in Ukraine. In 2013 as a result of the World Bank project the biggest digital cadastral system of Europe was launched (www.map.land.gov.ua). As of now this system is containing information about 20 million of land parcels over the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Records and Cadastre
    GIS Best Practices Land Records and Cadastre May 2006 Table of Contents What Is GIS? 1 GIS for Land Records and Cadastre 3 Lithuania's National Cadastre System Implements GIS 5 Deploying Cutting-Edge Survey Management and 9 Measurement Management Applications NILS Data Model Connects Survey and GIS for 15 Cadastral Management The City of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, Converts Urban Tree 19 Inventory into GIS Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Archives History on 25 the Web with GIS Kamehameha Schools webGIS System 31 i What Is GIS? Making decisions based on geography is basic to human thinking. Where shall we go, what will it be like, and what shall we do when we get there are applied to the simple event of going to the store or to the major event of launching a bathysphere into the ocean’s depths. By understanding geography and people's relationship to location, we can make informed decisions about the way we live on our planet. A geographic information system (GIS) is a technological tool for comprehending geography and making intelligent decisions. GIS organizes geographic data so that a person reading a map can select data necessary for a specifi c project or task. A thematic map has a table of contents that allows the reader to add layers of information to a basemap of real-world locations. For example, a social analyst might use the basemap of Eugene, Oregon, and select datasets from the U.S. Census Bureau to add data layers to a map that shows residents’ education levels, ages, and employment status.
    [Show full text]
  • Cadastral Survey - the Best Way
    Cadastral survey - the best way Presented at the FIG Congress 2018, May 6-11, 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey of cadastre modernization Nikola VUČIĆ & Damir ŠANTEK, Croatia LAND ADMINISTRATION IN CROATIA • Two registers CADASTRE & LAND REGISTRY • 112 cadastral offices + Cadastre office of City of Zagreb • 107 land registry offices • The responsible public authority institutions are the State Geodetic Administration (for the cadastre) and municipal courts (for land registry). PRODUCT COMPARISON Mobile phone Average usage time: 3-5 years New models: every year Car Average usage time: 7-20 years New models: every few years Digital PRODUCT COMPARISON Source: https://geoportal.dgu.hr/ Source: Vučić,2016: Identification of cadastral parcels: Symposium of Croatian chartered geodetic Cadastral map in Croatia engineers, Opatija Average usage time: 100-200 years New models: very rarely A facelift is more common than making new maps or new models NEW CADASTRAL SURVEYS IN CROATIA • New cadastral surveys aimed at establishing the real property cadastre • Cadastral surveys are undertaken to put real property cadastral documentation in use and establish completely new land registry. Following a cadastral survey, land registry and cadastral data are harmonized 100% on the level of the entire cadastral municipality or a part of it. NEW CADASTRAL SURVEYS IN CROATIA • renewed cadastre and land registry positively affect the socio- economic development of local communities in several aspects: • improve the financial situation of local communities' budgets, • raise the quality of living in local communities by making them more attractive for living and doing business, • reduce the number of lawsuits, • beneficial effect on the state budget, and create a qualify basis for local communities' spatial planning.
    [Show full text]
  • GIS Grows in European Cadastres and National Mapping Agencies On
    Toward Alternative Futures Esri • Spring 2011 esri.com/arcnews Vol. 33 No. 1 On Scale and ComplexityEtc. and the A Web-Based Solution for Planning and Policy Analysis “Facts” Need for Spatial Analysis Community Analyst Now Available By Carl Steinitz, Wiley Professor of Landscape Architecture and Planning Following a successful beta program, Esri is in the process of releasing Esri Community Analyst. This on- line GIS solution is specifically designed for policy makers, government agencies, and civic organizations Emeritus, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University that have little or no technical GIS experience. Through the online data and mapping tools, users can The best definition of design is that of Herbert Simon: “Everyone designs who quickly explore the geographic characteristics of any area and develop the right strategies for policies and “History” devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred resource allocation in their communities. continued on page 17 ones.” (Herbert Simon—The Sciences of the Artificial, 1968). “Constants” I come from a professional culture in which I began as an architecture student in a school of architecture; I then studied city and regional planning and urban design, and I have taught in a landscape architecture department and organized continued on page 3 Underpinning Land Management and Sustainable Development “Contingencies” Too GIS Grows in EuropeanMany! Cadastres Try to “Capture” T=0 Major and National MappingT=N Agencies “Generating” Time Present Assumptions/Ranges Time Future A traditional cadastre is an official record of the dimensions and value of land parcels, used to record ownership and assist in calculating taxes.
    [Show full text]