From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations

Anna Tse 9/12/10 AP World History Period 6 Chapter 1 Key Terms

Neolithic Revolution  Agriculture begins (Middle East)  Learning new agriculture methods~ difficult  Agriculture & hunting and gathering were combine  Took a long period of time  Technology developed and improved  Changes in people’s organization Bronze Age  ~4000 B.C.E, metalworking became common-> stone tools expanded (in the Middle East)  Basic age of human existence  Copper= first metal, but bronze later came into place  Agriculture people uses metals for their farming (ex. Metal hoes & other tools allow famers to work more efficiently)  Manufacturing artisans benefited from the better metal tools  Knowledge of metals spread to other parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe Catal Huyuk  Neolithic village-> found in ~7000 B.C.E.  Located in southern Turkey, covering about 32 acres  Houses made of mud bricks set in timber frameworks/ close together/ with little windows/ people spent time on rooftops in order to receive daylight & make social contacts  Religious-> people having religious responsibilities & religious images were decorated on some houses  Village produced consumed goods & trading with hunting people that lives on the hills surrounding the village ( trade->keep peace mostly)  5500 B.C.E-> production activities was created-> skilled toolmakers & jewelers  Ruled over smaller communities-> families concentrate on politics/ military forces was organized  3000 B.C.E.-> became a part of a civilization Civilization  More construct  Societies-> with enough economic extra material to form labors and different ranks/ inequalities  The word came from Latin term “city”  Most civilization-> depend on existence of cities-> allow exchange of ideas among large amount of people-> promote trade/manufacturing  Agriculture civilization-> most people don’t live in cities  Developed writing (cuneiform)-> societies = intellectual/work out political structures  Has classes (slavery)/ greater inequality of men and women  Continue process of technological change/political organization  Increase human impact on the environment  Starting in 3500 B.C.E -> develop in Middle East, Egypt, northwestern India, and northern China Ziggurats  Massive towers build by the Sumerians  Forming the first massive architecture

City States  Form by Sumerians political structures-> tightly  Ruled by king claiming godlike power Sumerians  ~3500 B.C.E-> invaded Mesopotamia  Developed the cuneiform alphabet (first known in human writing)  Art developed slowly-> statues/painted frescoes-> on temple/home  Science-> aid difficult agricultural society (movement of suns and stars) -> improve mathematical  Developed difficult religious rituals  Believe in many power gods-> prayers  Belief in an afterlife of punishment (hell)  Government->control religion and enforce its duties  Kings-> military leaders  Kings/noble classes-> control lands (work by slaves)-> began slavery  Learn about fertilizers/ adopting silver for buying/ selling->form money  Akkadians took over-> continuing Sumerian culture Hammurabi  King of Babylonians  Created the early code of law-> promoting welfare of people  Created rules for courts of laws/ control property rights/ duties of family members-> having harsh punishments for crimes Huanghe  “Yellow River” located in China  Civilization along it in China= isolation, but later develop trading overland with India and Middle East  Huanghe civilization-> praised godlike kings of the early civilization/ starting of mythic ancestors of Chinese (P’an Ku) Indus River  Urban civilizations arise along the river (2500 B.C.E.)  Supporting large cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo Daro  Trading contacts with Mesopotamia  People develop own alphabet/artistic forms  Hard to speak confidently-> mixed of other civilizations religion, language, political ideas, and etc