Written by Extern Alia Outrey

Resources in International Veterinary Activities

Written by Extern Alia Outrey Under the Direction of Dr. Dugas For the OIE International Veterinary Activities Educational Package December 12, 2005 - January 24, 2006

1 Table of Contents

Careers in International Veterinary Medicine: a General Overview…….4-11 General Areas Employing Veterinarians……………………………..4-6 Qualifications for Each of the Above Careers……………………....6-9 Personal Qualities Necessary for Above Careers………………….9-11

Examples of Options/Electives in International Veterinary Medicine as Part of the Undergraduate DVM Program in NorthAmerica………………...... 12-36 University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine……………..12-14 Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine…….14-15 Western University of Health Sciences………………………………15-16 University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine…………….16-17 Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine…...17-18 The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine………………………………………………………….…18-19 North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine...19-21 The University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine…….21 Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine……….22-24 Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine……………..24-25 Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine………25-27 Purdue University, School of Veterinary Medicine………………….27-29 Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences……………………………………………....29-30 University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine……………30-32 Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine………..32-36

Examples of Externships/Internships/Exchange International Programs Specifically in Veterinary Medicine for Veterinarians/Veterinary Students…………………………………………………………………………....37-44

Examples of Externships/Internships/Exchange Nonspecific International Programs for Veterinarians/Veterinary Students……………………………45-47

What is an NGO?...... 48 Non-Governmental Organizations in International Veterinary Medicine.49-52 Non-Governmental Organizations in International Veterinary Medicine for Veterinarians who Wish to Volunteer………………………………….53-54 Non-Governmental Organizations in International Veterinary Medicine for Those who Wish to Volunteer Helping Disadvantaged People…...55-56 What are the Qualifications to Work in an NGO?...... 57 Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an NGO……………58

2 What is an Ad hoc Program in International Veterinary Medicine……...59 Examples of Ad hoc Programs in International Veterinary Medicine…..59 Employment Opportunities Available through Ad hoc Programs with Regard to International Veterinary Medicine…………………………60 Qualifications Required to Work as Part of an Ad hoc Group/Program..60 Personal Qualities Necessary to Work as Part of an Ad hoc Group/Program…………………………………………………………….60

What is an International Technical Cooperation Organization?...... 61 International Technical Cooperation Organizations with Programs International Veterinary Medicine………………………………….….62-73 Employment Opportunities Available within International Technical Cooperation Organizations with Regard to International Veterinary Medicine...... 75-77 Qualifications Required to Work in an International Technical Cooperation Organization…………………………………………………………..……78-82 Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an International Technical Cooperation Organization…………….……………………………83-85

Definition of International Standard Setting Organizations.……………...85 International Standard Setting Organizations……………………………....86-87 Employment Opportunities Available within International Standard Setting Organizations…………………………………………………………..…..88-98 Requirements to Work in International Standard Setting Organizations…...... 99-102 Personal Qualities Necessary to Work in International Standard Setting Organizations……………………………………………………………..103

International Associations/Groups Promoting International Veterinary Medicine………………………………………………………………….104-106

3 Resources in International Veterinary Activities

Careers in International Veterinary Medicine

1. General areas/Organisations employing veterinarians in the area of International Veterinary Medicine a. Volunteer Positions:

i. Veterinarians without Borders: foster the health of animals, people and the environments that sustain us

ii. People Protecting Animals & Their Habitats: improve the quality of animals lives and stop habitat destruction

iii. Animal Rescue-Kerala, India: improve the welfare of dogs and cats

iv. Commonwealth Veterinary Association Projects:

1. Capacity building for veterinary undergraduate education in Chittagong Veterinary College, Bangladesh

http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/Project3.htm

2. National Rabies Campaign in Uganda

3. Stray Dog Problem in the Pacific Islands

4. Training of Sri Lanka undergraduates/Veterinary Professionals in Veterinary Surgery

b. International Experts: i. Specialists within a particular field (usually academics) that work as part of a global network 1. OIE (World Health Organization for Animals)

2. The Pan American Health Organization

4 3. Commonwealth Veterinary Association

4. Food and Agriculture Organization

ii. Consultants within a particular field of Veterinary Medicine 1. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) experts consulting for the Codex Alimentarius Commission:

a. FAO/WHO experts on Biotechnology and Food Safety b. FAO/WHO experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) c. FAO/ WHO experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Experts on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) d. Experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) c. International Organizations with Specific Programs in Animal Health i. The World Health Organization for Animals (OIE): 1. The Working Groups a. Working Group on Wildlife Diseases b. Working Group on Animal Welfare c. Working Group on Food Safety

2. The Specialist Commissions

a. The Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (Code Commission) b. The Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (Scientific Commission) c. The Biological Standards Commission (Laboratories Commission) d. The Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (Aquatics Animals Commission) d. Ad Hoc Projects of International Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations i. Formed by the OIE: 1. The Role of Private Veterinarians and Para professionals in the Provision of Animal Health Services Ad Hoc Program 2. Animal Welfare Ad Hoc Program Ad Hoc Program

5 3. Antimicrobial Resistance Ad Hoc Program 4. Working Group on Animal Disease Categorization Ad Hoc Program 5. Non-Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomoses Ad Hoc Program 6. BSE, Epidemiology Ad Hoc Program 7. Working Group on Biotechnology Ad Hoc Program

ii. New Zealand Food Safety Committee (Codex Alimentarius 1. Commission and Codex Activities): Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Animal Feeding 2. Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology 3. Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task force on Fruit and Vegetable Juices

iii. Formed by the European Union (EU): 1. Assessment for OIE Listing of Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD) Ad Hoc Program

iv. Formed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): 1. Ad Hoc Consultation on Aquaculture Research

v. Formed by the World Health Organization (WHO): 1. Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections 2. Codex ad hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology 3. Ad Hoc Working Group on Children's Environment and 4. Health Action Plan for Europe

2. Qualifications Required for Each of the Above Careers a. Volunteer Positions:

i. Veterinarians without Borders: foster the health of animals, people and the environments that sustain us

ii. People Protecting Animals & Their Habitats: improve the quality of animals lives and stop habitat destruction

iii. Animal Rescue-Kerala, India: improve the welfare of dogs and cats

6 http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/Project3.htm

4. Training of Sri Lanka undergraduates/Veterinary Professionals in Veterinary Surgery b. International Experts: i. Specialists within a particular field (usually academics) that work as part of a global network 1. OIE (World Health Organization for Animals)

2. The Pan American Health Organization

3. Commonwealth Veterinary Association

4. Food and Agriculture Organization

a. FAO/WHO experts on Biotechnology and Food Safety b. FAO/WHO experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) c. FAO/ WHO experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Experts on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) d. Experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) c. International Organizations with Specific Programs in Animal Health i. The World Health Organization for Animals (OIE): 1. The Working Groups a. Working Group on Wildlife Diseases b. Working Group on Animal Welfare c. Working Group on Food Safety

a. The Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (Code Commission)

7 b. The Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (Scientific Commission) c. The Biological Standards Commission (Laboratories Commission) d. The Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (Aquatics Animals Commission) d. Ad Hoc Projects of International Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations i. Formed by the OIE: 1. The Role of Private Veterinarians and Para professionals in the Provision of Animal Health Services Ad Hoc Program 2. Animal Welfare Ad Hoc Program Ad Hoc Program 3. Antimicrobial Resistance Ad Hoc Program 4. Working Group on Animal Disease Categorization Ad Hoc Program 5. Non-Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomoses Ad Hoc Program 6. BSE, Epidemiology Ad Hoc Program 7. Working Group on Biotechnology Ad Hoc Program

iv. Formed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): 1. Ad Hoc Consultation on Aquaculture Research

v. Formed by the World Health Organization (WHO): 5. Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections 6. Codex ad hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology 7. Ad Hoc Working Group on Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe

8 3. Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in Each of the Above Careers a. Volunteer Positions:

i. Veterinarians without Borders: foster the health of animals, people and the environments that sustain us ii. People Protecting Animals & Their Habitats: improve the quality of animals lives and stop habitat destruction iii. Animal Rescue-Kerala, India: improve the welfare of dogs and cats

4. Training of Sri Lanka undergraduates/Veterinary Professionals in Veterinary Surgery

b. International Experts: i. Specialists within a particular field (usually academics) that work as part of a global network 1. OIE (World Health Organization for Animals) 2. The Pan American Health Organization 3. Commonwealth Veterinary Association 4. Food and Agriculture Organization

a. FAO/WHO experts on Biotechnology and Food Safety b. FAO/WHO experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) c. FAO/ WHO experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Experts on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) d. Experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR)

c. International Organizations with Specific Programs in Animal Health

9 i. The World Health Organization for Animals (OIE): 1. The Working Groups a. Working Group on Wildlife Diseases b. Working Group on Animal Welfare c. Working Group on Food Safety*

a. The Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (Code Commission) b. The Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (Scientific Commission) c. The Biological Standards Commission (Laboratories Commission) d. The Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (Aquatics Animals Commission) d. Ad Hoc Projects of International Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations i. Formed by the OIE: 1. The Role of Private Veterinarians and Para professionals in the Provision of Animal Health Services Ad Hoc Program 2. Animal Welfare Ad Hoc Program Ad Hoc Program 3. Antimicrobial Resistance Ad Hoc Program 4. Working Group on Animal Disease Categorization Ad Hoc Program 5. Non-Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomoses Ad Hoc Program 6. BSE, Epidemiology Ad Hoc Program 7. Working Group on Biotechnology Ad Hoc Program

10 iv. Formed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): 1. Ad Hoc Consultation on Aquaculture Research v. Formed by the World Health Organization (WHO): 1. Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections

2. Codex ad hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology

3. Ad Hoc Working Group on Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe

11 Examples of Options/Electives in International Veterinary Medicine as Part of the Undergraduate DVM Program in North America

University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine http://www.vetmed.ufl.edu/default.asp

In 2003, the University of Florida (UF), College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) established an Office of International Programs (OIP) to foster student-centered international education and research opportunities on campus and abroad:

1. Level 1 (on campus):

a. Elective course VEM 5931 Seminars in International Veterinary Medicine:This seminar series coveing specific global health issues of veterinary importance; seminar presentations are webcasted to/from different universities to create a more diverse forum of student discussion.

2. In Level 2 (abroad), students have the opportunity to travel abroad and participate in delivery of veterinary services in selected countries under the supervision of UF faculty: a. Freshmen and sophomore students get academic credit through the elective course VEM 5506 International Veterinary Medicine

b. Junior and Senior students through the elective course VEM 5893 International Externship.

Check out the above options/programs at: http://www.vetmed.ufl.edu/administration/default.asp?reqPage=oip

3. Level 3 (on campus and abroad) is designed for the most demanding student with interest in education exposure abroad during the 4-year DVM curriculum. In this level, students are encouraged to enroll in our Certificate Program in International Veterinary Medicine, a 15-credit program (parallel to the DVM curriculum) that requires proficiency of a second language and coursework (including completion of an education or research project in a foreign country).

See International Veterinary Medicine Certificate Program also see

http://www.vetmed.ufl.edu/documents/oip/cert1psum.pdf

12 for a detailed discussion of the Certificate Program. To see the exact course curriculum for the Certificate Program go to:

http://www.vetmed.ufl.edu/documents/oip/cert4psum.pdf

While the OIP was established in 2003, structured, student-centered international education/research activities have been implemented since 1999 focusing on Latin American countries (ie, Mexico, Chile, and more recently Cuba, Brazil and Ecuador). Latin America was identified as the main geographic region of interest because of Florida's location and its commercial/demographic ties in the region. Specific education projects in these countries include:

(i) Clinics of rabies vaccination in dogs and cats and animal control efforts in Yucatan, Mexico

(ii) Epidemiology and policy making on bovine tuberculosis in Chile

(iii) Veterinary education and delivery of veterinary services in Cuba

(iv) Webcast seminar series on veterinary services and conservation agriculture in Brazil

(v) Delivery of veterinary services in rural communities in Ecuador.

In the next 3 years, our objective is to consolidate our academic ties in these 5 countries to facilitate education, research and development projects of mutual interest. Veterinary education, veterinary services, animal care, wildlife/agriculture conservation, animal health and food safety and free trade, as well as the social impact of veterinary medicine on human progress in rural communities are common areas of interest that justify our academic ties with veterinary schools in Latin America.

 Contacts:

UF College of Veterinary Medicine Office of International Programs Room V1-100-F PO Box 100125 Gainesville , FL 32610-0125

Office Hours Wednesdays 9-5pm

o Jorge Hernandez Associate Professor of Epidemiology

13 Director, Office of International Programs Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32610-0136 Tel (352) 392-4700 ext 4105 Fax (352) 392-7551 Email: [email protected]

o Program Coordinator: Traci Krueger, DVM E-mail: [email protected]

o Program Coordinator: Megan Elliot E-mail: [email protected]

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Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine

Two international veterinary medicine opportunities are offered: http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/

1. An international Clerkship/Externship with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in the Veterinary Public Health Program in Washington, D.C. This is sponsored by Dr. Walters and her comments include the other following externships to those fluent in Spanish:

i. Pan American FMD Center (Rio de Janeiro) ii. Pan American Institute for Food Protection and Zoonoses (Buenos Aires) iii. Country Advisory (Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Jamaica, Colombia, Brazil, etc). See http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/Organization/Maryland/clerkships/internatio nal.asp

 Faculty Contact: Bettye Walters, DVM, Director Phone: 301-314-6821 Fax: 301-314-6855 [email protected]  Mail /email letter of interest, resume and two letters of reference to:

14 Center for Public and Corporate Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland 8075 Greenmead Drive College Park, MD 20742-3711 [email protected]

See: http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/Organization/Maryland/clerkships.asp

2. In veterinary school the elective, (VMS 6594): International Veterinary Medicine, is offered to third year veterinary students. In the course catalog it is described as giving an “Understanding of the role of governmental agencies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations in international relations, development, relief work, conservation, disease control and prevention, and trade. Understanding of the legal authority of binational agreements and international treaties. Training in intercultural communications, negotiation and conflict resolution. Review of current global issues”. See: http://www.vt.edu/academics/gcat/gcdVMS.html

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Western University of Health Sciences http://www.westernu.edu/home/home.xml is the University’s site. http://www.westernu.edu/veterinary/about.xml is the Veterinary College’s site.

Western University of Health Sciences CVM offers an international elective:

 “CVM 7065 USDA Accreditation, Foreign Animal Diseases & International Veterinary Medicine (2 credits) Students meet with representatives from the area office of USDA-APHIS and the California Department of Food and Agriculture Animal Health and Food Safety Service to review their professional, legal, and ethical responsibilities after becoming accredited. This will include reportable diseases, animal movements, import/export, quarantine, and program diseases such as tuberculosis and brucellosis. Practical demonstrations of tuberculin and other testing procedures are carried out. USDA and other veterinarians with expertise in the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of foreign animal diseases (FAD) provide lectures and demonstrations. A simulated outbreak exercise of a FAD in California is conducted. The role of USDA in international activities including UN organizations such as FAO and WHO, as well as OIE will be discussed. Finally, veterinarians and other health professionals with experience in livestock and health projects in developing countries describe opportunities for graduates in both short and long-term assignments” (Page 13 Course Catology online, see below).

See this DVM course (page 13 of the adobe pdf course catalog) and others for Western University at http://www.westernu.edu/bin/university/2005_06catalog/05-06CVM.pdf

15  Contact:

College of Veterinary Medicine 309 East Second Street Pomona, CA 91766-1854 (909) 469-5628 (reception) (909) 469-5635 fax [email protected] (Attn: Ms. Debbie Smith) ______

University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine http://www.vet.uga.edu

Several different types of international options are available: 1. Certificate in International Veterinary Medicine: to be earned in three years while in veterinary school by having 15 credits consisting of an elective, International Veterinary Medicine (VETM 5201), participation in at least one international externship, proficiency in a foreign language, and completing 8-10 credits from courses in Environmental Health Science, Global Studies, Ecology, Anthropology, Political Science and Veterinary Medicine.

See: http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/IA/CIVM/index.php

An application for this program (presuming you are a U of GA CVM student can be found at: http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/IA/CIVM/Form.PDF

A detailed description of courses for the program can be found at: http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/IA/CIVM/requirements.php

2. International Externships: a. A Summer of Veterinary Medicine in Europe - 2006 b. A Summer of Veterinary Medicine in Mexico or Canada - 2006 c. International Livestock Research Institute - Nairobi, Kenya

These externships are updated over time, so check this site for current links:

http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/IA/Extern/index.php

3. Internet Education: a. UGA and TAMU Global Workshop Programs: Web pages documenting what students learned in international workshops on animal agriculture, international trade and regulatory policies.

16 See this site for links:

http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/nsep/

b. International Veterinary Medicine Training on the Internet: These are veterinary pathology modules found at:

http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/ivm/

4. Student Association for Global Awareness: A source of information for international opportunities and also of scholarship funds provided to students who wish to exchange. SAGA works with the International Veterinary Student Association. The SAGA website is at:

http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/saga/

5. Program with Sea Turtles afflicted with Fibropapillomatosis (FP) in Puerto Rico: Study this important disease via a collaboration betzeen the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. Students from a variety of fields, including veterinary medicine, are recruited. They are mentored by leaders of the project and they must search for funding. Since 2003, seven students have been “sponsored by the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation”. See this site for complete information:

http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/seaturtle/index.php

Note that the International Activities at University of Georgia’s CVM is found within the pathology department. So contact the pathology department for more information at:

Department of Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia 501 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens, GA 30602-7388 Phone: 706-542-5837 FAX: 706-542-5828

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Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine

http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/

17 In 1991 WSU’s CVM created the International Veterinary Education (IVE) program. There are several components to the IVE including language, culture and working in foreign countries. All of these components are integrated into four international veterinary medicine courses:

1. International Veterinary Medicine (VM 501 P)— Introduction to international issues concerning animal health, disease, and production within a socioeconomic and cultural context.

2. Language and Culture for International Externships (VM 502P)—Introduction to Spanish and Hispanic culture

3. Selected Topics in International Veterinary Medicine (VM 503P)—Student with a faculty member chooses a topic of interest to the student. The topic should be related to the student’s international externship if one is to be undertaken.

4. International Field Studies (VM 504P)—This is an upper level elective only available to students who have completed the three above electives. One month must be spent working in a foreign country, etc., in an externship.

In addition, the IVE program supports speakers and meetings organized by the International Veterinary Student Association (IVSA). The meetings allow students to get ‘hands on’ experience as well as lectures.

To read about the IVE and the details of its course offerings in more detail, go to: http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/international/#offerings

 Contact:

Mushtaq A. Memon, BVSc, PhD, Coordinator E-mail: [email protected] College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-7010 Phone: (509) 335-9515 Fax: (509) 335-6094

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The University of Wisconsin- Madison School of Veterinary Medicine

 Center for Global Health: The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine,School of Nursing, School of Pharmacy, Medical School and the Divison of International Studies have joined together to educate the public

18 about international diseases like malaria, paratuberculosis and influenza virus. Other important objectives for the Center are research and creating “health partnerships with key institutions”. Cynthia Haq is director of the Center.

http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/articles/68/5/733

 Contact:

Tania Banak University Relations Specialist 608-263-6716 [email protected]

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North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine www.cvm.ncsu.edu

There are several international veterinary medicine options at NCU’s CVM. To see the general site for these programs, go to: http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_courses.htm

1. International Veterinary Medicine Selective (VMC991W):

This is a required course for DVM students wishing to participate in the Veterinary International Program (VIP) trips. It covers “travel preparation, travel health, programs offered by VIP, the role veterinary medicine plays in other cultures and how those differences impact veterinary medicine.

See this site for more information:

http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_vmc991w.ht m

2. International Veterinary Field Studies (VMC 999):

This course enables DVM students to study overseas. They must have already taken VMC 991W, must have a regional coordinator in the foreign country and a faculty program sponsor.

See this site for more information:

http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_vmc999.htm

19 3. International Veterinary Clinics (VMC 997):

This course allows seniors to see cases (under the supervision of a veterinarian) at major Thai veterinary colleges for four weeks. It is recommended to take the Thai language lessons and required to have taken VMC 991W. Options are two weeks-long each, so you select two of the following:

. Dairy . Small Animal . Zoo/Elephant Medicine

See this site for more information: http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_vmc997.htm

4. Health and Safety in Third World Countries:

To learn more about this site, see:

http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_vmc991m.ht m

5. Veterinary Spanish (VMF991):

http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_spanish.htm

6. Veterinary Thai:

A free course offered to students intending to take advantage of the overseas program involving study at major Thai universities. Culture and veterinary vocabulary are taught by Thai graduate students.

http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/unity/lockers/project/VIPwebsite/vip_thai_lang.htm

During veterinary school, students may also get exposure to international veterinary medicine by certain classes available in the Zoo Medicine Focus:

1. International Veterinary Medicine (VMC 991W) taught by Stoskopf. This is also an option that can be taken via the Epidemiology, Public Health, and Public Policy Focus see:

20 http://www.cvm.ncsu.edu/studentservices/dvm_program/focus_areas/ epidemiology.html

2. One of the Zoo Medicine senior blocks offered is “International Veterinary Clinics” in Thailand working with dairy cattle (VMC 995). The course leader is also Stoskopf.

Zoo medicine involves aquatic animals, wildlife, wildlife rehabilitation and avian medicine, in addition to medicine for animals in zoos. To read about both these options, see: http://www.cvm.ncsu.edu/studentservices/dvm_program/focus_areas/zoo_med.html

 For any International Veterinary Medicine Courses contact:

o Dr. Prema Arasu Director for VIP Director of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program Professor of Molecular Parasitology [email protected]

o Michael K. Stoskopf, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM Director of the Environmental Medicine Consortium Professor of Wildlife and Aquatic Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 4700 Hillsborough St Raleigh, NC 27606 919-513-6279 919-513-6336 FAX [email protected]

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The University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine www.cvm.umn.edu

See their International Programs site for more information:

21 http://www.cvm.umn.edu/education/International_Programs.html

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Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine

www.vetmed.lsu.edu/

 Travel Fellowships in International Veterinary Medicine: In 2004 the LSU SVM Office of International Programs and Associate Dean for Student Affairs funded fellowship programs. $1000.00 or less was gived to up to five students to pay for travel and living expenses. The fellowships entailed either summer research or clinical electives. Past international experiences were funded by the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, the Merck-Merial Animal Health Summer Research Scholars Program, faculty projects and/or the students’ own funds. “Student projects have involved research in China (1999, 2001), Egypt (2001), Uganda (2001), Italy (2002), NW Territories of Canada (2001, 2002) and England. A number of students have completed small ruminant clinical electives funded by Global Health Action in Haiti (15 students over a 3-year period). The International student Association has facilitated many informal practice experiences abroad, particularly in Europe and Australia”. See this pdf for more details: http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/Web_pdfs/SVM%20Travel%20Fellowship.pdf

 For more current information about applying for a fellowship, contact: 1. John B Malone, SVM Office of International Programs PBS Rm 3327 LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge, LA 70803 225-578-9692 [email protected]

2. Joseph Taboada Associate Dean for Student Affairs LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge, LA 70803 225-578-9537 Fax. 225 578-9546 [email protected]

22  U.S.-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program involves Louisiana State University, LA; University of Minnesota, MN; Southern University, LA; Universidade Federal de Bahia, BA; Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP. Veterinary students at LSU or U of M may work with the health of animals and humans, trade issues and agricultural biosecurity. Summer coursework (six credit hours), will be team-taught by faculty to 22 US and 22 Brazilian students in 2006-2008, will include the equivalent of two credit hours didactic and laboratory coverage of major issues on the global interactions of health, environment, livestock and people. Based on approved work plans, each student will then complete a mentored special project on a major international health and societal issue during five weeks of independent study (four credit hours).

http://www.fipse.aed.org/grantshow.cfm?grantNumber=P116M040009

 Contacts: o John Malone Project Director U.S. Lead

Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge, LA 70803 Tel: 225-578-9692 Fax: 225-578-9701

o Jeffrey Bender U.S. Partner

University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical and Population Sciences 1354 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, MN 55108 Tel: 612-624-4906 Fax: 612-624-4906

o James Diaz U.S. Partner

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans School of Public Health 1600 Canal Street, Suite 800 New Orleans, LA 70112 Tel: 504-599-1067 Fax: 504-578-6905

23 o Walter Wiles U.S. Partner

Southern University 327 JS Clark Administration Bldg, PO Box 10684 Baton Rouge, LA 70813 Tel: 225-771-2008 Fax: 225-771-4242

o Carlos Augusto Araujo Valadao Brazilian Partner

Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias de Jaboticabal-UNESP, Via Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Jaboticabal 14884-900 Brazil Tel: 55 16-3209-2631 Fax: 55 16 3202-4275

o Maria Emilia Bavia Brazilian Lead

Universidade Federal da Bahia Preventative Medicine Department Av. Adamar de Barros, 500

Ondina Salvador 40170-110 Brazil Tel: 55 71-9978-1401 Fax: 55 71-245-2813

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Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine http://www.vetmed.iastate.edu/

International Veterinary Trips are taken as a group with faculty and are from 2-4 weeks long. Here are some examples from recent years:

 2003 o Agricultural Practices in Sweden

24 o Health Issues and Public Policy - The European Perspective o Veterinary Medicine and Wildlife Production in Brazil  2002 o China Trip: Zhejiang University – Acupuncture  2001 o Agricultural Production, Processing, and Marketing in Ukraine o Wildlife and Livestock in East Africa o European Animal Health and Public Policy (Germany etc.) o Swine Production Medicine and Foreign Animal Disease in Thailand

Collaborating Centers which might assist in finding overseas externships/experiences for seniors are:

 Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics  Office International des Epizooties Collaborating Centre

Committee for International Veterinary Opportunities (CIVO): is a student organization created to help students fund international experiences in veterinary medicine. It helps students find international programs through routes already established and kept up by ISU CVM. In addition, it hopes to encourage and augment the formation of these programs by faculty members.

See: http://www.vetmed.iastate.edu/academics/international/student.html

 Contact: Dr. James A. Roth

(515) 294-8459 (515) 294-8259 (fax) [email protected]

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Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine www.tufts.edu/vet/

There are a few international options available at Tuft’s Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine :

1. The International Veterinary Medicine Signature Program: This program offers many resources such as:

25  Lectures about international veterinary medicine given “by university faculty and international guests”  An international, cultural seminar program  International Veterinary Medicine Courses  The Tufts International Veterinary Medicine club for students called Veterinarians for Global Solutions (VGS)  A long-term international exchange research project providing a match with a “host-country student” and requiring participation of “both a Tufts and a field mentor”. Exchanges to Zimbabwe, Nepal, India, Burkina Faso, Malaysia, Cote d’Ivoire, Sri Lanka and Chili are given as examples. Please see the site for more information:

http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ivm/teaching_sign.html

2. The Tufts University Sciences Knowledgebase links Tufts with health programs in Asia and in Africa. Through it, only students at Tufts may access a password-protected, interactive program for International Veterinary Medicine (Vet 135). Enter the knowledgebase by going to http://vet.tufts.edu/content/events/961041243.html and clicking on Tufts University Sciences Knowledgebase. This International Veterinary Medicine class is required for all Tuft’s veterinary students. For more about the course see: http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ivm/teaching_core.html

3. The International Veterinary Medicine Certificate Program: allows students to focus this subject as a career. Mentors are present for the students, and the program takes four years to complete. Specializations are offered in Conservation Medicine, Veterinary Public Health, Livestock Production and Development, Veterinary Diseases of International Importance, or Livestock in Humanitarian Assistance. The requirements to complete the program and other information about the program may be found at: http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ivm/teach_cert.html

4. DVM/MA dual degree with the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy: This program allows veterinary students to be able to make international veterinary policies in areas such as “livestock development, wildlife management, fisheries biology, herd health management, pharmaceutical development, and environmental issues”. For more information see: http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ivm/teach_flet.html

26  Contacts:

 Christine C. Jost Assistant Professor Department of Environmental and Population Health International Veterinary Medicine Phone: 508-887-4763

 Gretchen E. Kaufman Assistant Professor Department of Environmental and Population Health Conservation Medicine/Wildlife Phone: 508-839-7918 Email: [email protected]

 Jeffrey C. Mariner Research Assistant Professor Department of Environmental and Population Health Phone: 508-839-4762 Fax: 508-839-7946 Email: [email protected]

 Louise S. Maranda Assistant Professor Department of Environmental and Population Health International Veterinary Medicine Phone: 508-887-4812 Fax: 508-839-7946 Email: [email protected]

More information about these instructors may be found at:

http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ivm/people.html

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Purdue University, School of Veterinary Medicine

www.vet.purdue.edu/

 Student international externships are available. Examples of past student trips are: 1. Egypt—Infectious Disease, Medical Treatment of Water Buffalo Project 2. Honduras—Disaster Relief: analysing effects of hurricane Mitch on animals in rural areas 3. Kazhakstan—Echinococcus granulosus in Sheep and Dogs 4. China and Taiwan---Veterinary Learning

27 5. Ireland

For more information, see the externship site at: http://www.vet.purdue.edu/bms/intl/intstudents.html

Purdue University has various relations with many international universities which may benefit its veterinary students:

1. In 1996, Purdue University signed Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) with o Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) o Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt o Zarka (Hashimite) University in Jordan o Wroclaw University of Agriculture in Poland

2. In 1991, Purdue established with the United Nations Scientific, Cultural, and Educational Organization (UNESCO) the UNESCO-UNITWIN- program. This is an agreement with Arab states to share knowledge. Members are:

i. Ain-Shams University ii. Assiut University iii. Suez Canal University iv. Yarmouk University v. Zarqa University vi. University of Qatar vii. UAE University

3. Sister institutions of Purdue University are : i. Agricultural University of Krakow ii. Kitsato University in Japan iii. Iwate University, School of Agriculture in Japan

To read about Purdue’s connections to these various universities, yourself, go to: http://www.vet.purdue.edu/bms/intl/intprogs.html

Students are not limited to international experiences with these universities. Other countries may be selected through the International Programs Office. See: http://www.ippu.purdue.edu/

28  Students may also learn about international veterinary medicine by taking the course of the same title (BMS 509). It is an elective which studies epidemiology, consequences of outbreaks, outbreak prevention and factors affecting general animal health and wellbeing in foreign countries. A description of the course (from which the above was summarized) may be found at:

http://www.vet.purdue.edu/bms/intl/intprogs.html

A website related to internet links concerning the course can be found at:

http://www.vet.purdue.edu/bms/courses/bms509/othrlecturestuff/drqureshi2_24.htm

 Contact:

Abdelfattah Y.M. Nour, D.V.M., Ph.D., Director International Programs for the School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Basic Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, Lynn Hall Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1246, U.S.A. Telephone: (317) 494-5136 Fax: (317) 494-0781 EMail: [email protected]

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Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

www.cvmbs.colostate.edu

Ruth White, the Veterinary Career Coordinator for CSU veterinary students has compiled a listing of externships, preceptorships, etc., for veterinary students. See: http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/cvmbs/externinfo.htm

The CSU Veterinary Jobs/Preceptorships, Summer Research Database may be reached at: http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/vetjobs/

 Contact: Ruth White Veterinary Career Coordinator Physiology 107 Fort Collins, CO 80523-1601

29 e-mail: [email protected] Phone: (970) 491-3919

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University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu

U C Davis’ SVM offers exchange programs for veterinary students in aquaculture, livestock, companion animal medicine, sustainable agriculture, zoo medicine, equine medicine and in wildlife medicine. The programs are either through institutions which have or do not have “an agreement”. If there is no agreement, the student must make his/her own arrangements, including those for funding.

1. Arrangements have been made with the following schools:

 Ghent University, Belgium  Copenhagen, Denmark  Utrecht, Netherlands  Munich, Germany  The Autonomous University of Queretaro, Mexico  Pretoria, The Republic of South Africa  Seoul National University, South Korea  University of the West Indies, West Indies

 For the above programs having an agreement with UC Davis SVM, contact:

Dr.Robert Hansen Director SVM: Molecular Biosciences University of California [email protected]

One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616

You may also contact:

IP Assistant SVM Dean's Office University of California One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 530-754-7746 530-752-4773 Fax

30 2. Opportunities for international exchanges involving no agreement are available in the following countries:

a. Argentina b. Brazil c. Latin America d. Kenya and other African Countries e. Switzerland f. Armenia g. Chile h. Guatemala i. Mexico

To see both programs with and without agreements by category go to: http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ip/Opportunities/opportunities-category.cfm

To see both programs with and without agreements by location go to: http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ip/Opportunities/opportunities-country.cfm

2. Specifically for senior veterinary preceptorships are the following projects with an agreement: a. Denmark b. Netherlands c. South Africa

 Contact Dr. Robert Hansen or the IP assistant at the above addresses.

3. Senior veterinary externships not involving an agreement: a. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

 Contact the project as described at: http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ip/Opportunities/SrOpps/sr-uk.cfm

4. Veterinary students may also elect to take international veterinary medicine classes such as: a. Introduction to Public Veterinary Practice and Foreign Animal Diseases (VMD 447) b. International Veterinary Medicine Baja California Fieldwork (VME 454) c. International Programs Seminar (VME 494)

To see an example of class topics for the International Programs Seminar (VME 494) go to:

31 http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ip/Courses/VME494.cfm

To learn about VMD 447 or VME 454 click on them at: http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/vme/courses.cfm

 Funding for all sorts of international experiences is covered in depth at:

http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ip/Funding/funding.cfm

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Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine www.cvm.msu.edu/

Students at the MSU CVM participate in international experiences while enrolled in specific courses:

1. Clinical Clerkships available in fourth year of veterinary school:

 VM 611 (Veterinary Externship), many students gain approval to participate in clinical activities at international locations

See this clerkship second to the last in the list at:

http://cvm.msu.edu/admis/dvm_program/elective_clerkships.htm

2. Summer Non-clinical Courses:

 VM 690—Titled The Art of Veterinary Practice

This clerkship varies greatly depending on when it is taken and who organizes it. To see a list of all of these veterinary clerkships and any new ones that might have been added, click on this site and select Veterinary Medicine from the pulldown menu:

http://ntweb11.ais.msu.edu/osa_db/search.asp

1. In Summer of 2005, the clerkship was as follows:

European Veterinary Medicine: Participants in this program will visit European veterinary schools and corporate entities in the United Kingdom (London, England and Edinburgh, Scotland), Ireland (Dublin), Germany (Hannover), and the Netherlands (Utrecht) while learning about:

32  Veterinary Medicine and European Veterinary Education  International Agriculture and Animal Health Care  International Exchange and Understanding  Global Bio-Safety  Animal Disease

Interestingly enough, students from various veterinary schools were allowed to take this course for credit :

 University of Illinois  Iowa State University  Michigan State University  University of Minnesota  The Ohio State University  Purdue University  University of Wisconsin-Madison

This is only a small excerpt. To read more about this clerkship, please see the site at: http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/eurovetmed.html

2. During Winter Break 2004-2005 VM 690 Clerkship:

Egypt: Historical Perspectives of Veterinary Medicine and Natural Resources Management: students will learn about water pollution, water borne diseases, existing water work infrastructure, wildlife and fish populations and their management, and how veterinary medicine in Egypt has evolved to deal with disease in domesticated animals. http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/egyptwb.html

3. VM 690 Clerkship in Summer of 2005:

Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Systems: This program, offered by the department of Animal Science in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, will tour the Highvelds and Lowvelds surrounding Johannesburg, Pretoria, Pietersburg, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Mossel Bay, Stellenbosch, and Cape Town in South Africa, and Mbabane in Swaziland. Students will earn six credits while visiting several national parks, including Kruger, and meeting with government officials and university/college representatives, as well as with the agriculture society. The course of study will focus on exposing students to agriculture production and policy.

See http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/safrfoodag.html

33 4. VM 690 any Spring, Fall or Summer Semester:

North American Food Safety Mobility Program in Canada or Mexico: For upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. Specific goals of the mobility experience are to give students international experience in food safety and cultural awareness; to facilitate the student's ability to gain hands-on food safety laboratory experience; to enable students to identify the cultural challenges associated with international agriculture and food production; and to give students an ability to assist with the development of an ongoing international food safety curriculum.

http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/nafsm.html

5. VM 690 Clerkship Summer of 2006:

Study Abroad for Veterinary Students in Tamil Nadu, India: Students in their first or second year of the College of Veterinary Medicine curriculum will be able to study:

 Small and large animal medicine  Surgery  Obstetrics and gynecology  Wildlife census  Medicine  Management

http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/indiavet.html

6. VM 690 Clerkship Summer of 2006:

International Food Laws in Europe (Belgium, France, Italy and Switzerland): “As a participant in the “International Food Laws” program, you will become familiar with relevant U.S. and European Union (EU) legislation and explore how the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) promote food safety. You will observe how multinational corporations function within their regulatory environment and interact with faculty and classmates to develop a global perspective on regulation of the food supply.

You will learn:

 The primary U.S. food laws and regulations  The major EU food laws and regulations and how these compare with their U.S. counterparts  The roles of WHO and FAO in promoting food safety  How international trade is affected by policy and legislation  How multinational corporations function within a global market

34 You will visit:

 EU headquarters, Brussels, Belgium  WHO and WTO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland  FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy  European headquarters of multinational corporations  Plus, historical and cultural sites in Paris, Brussels, Geneva, Florence, and Rome

You will meet and interact with:

 Researchers  Lawyers  High-ranking officials from the EU, WHO, WTO, and FAO  Industry leaders

From this program you will develop:

 An understanding of the complexity of regulating a global food market  A portfolio of professional contacts and reference materials  Professional and interpersonal skills  An appreciation of the history and culture of the countries visited”

This information is a direct excerpt from this site:

http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/belgfoodlaw.html

For more details research the site yourself!

 Contact:

 Dr. David J. Sprecher Coordinator, CVM Professional Programs G210 Veterinary Medical Center Michigan State University (517) 355-4466 or 432-7775 Fax (517) 432-7788 [email protected]

 Dr. J.D. Krehbiel Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine G-100 Veterinary Medical Center

35 Phone: (517) 355-7624 E-mail: [email protected]

 Mohamed Faisal Department of Fisheries & Wildlife and the College of Veterinary Medicine Phone: (517) 432-8259 E-mail: [email protected]

 Bernardo, Theresa M VETERINARY MEDICINE DEAN Dir, Information Technology Asc Professor A227 VET MEDICAL CTR EAST LANSING MI 48824-1314 517-353-5551 [email protected]

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36 Examples of Externships/Internships/Exchange International Programs Specifically in Veterinary Medicine for Veterinarians\ Veterinary Students

Projects Abroad sends volunteers abroad to 17 less economically developed countries to do internships and public service projects. We employ 130 people around the globe and send 2000 volunteers annually. Where: Bolivia, Chile, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, Peru, Romania, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Thailand and Togo. When: Dates are flexible - you can go from one month up to a year. Voluntary placements overseas: We offer voluntary placements overseas in areas such as teaching, conservation, care, business, medicine and journalism. There is always a large Projects Abroad Community so you will never be alone for company from both fellow volunteers as well as our staff who will ensure that you receive all the support and backup you could ever need.

http://www.projects-abroad.org/

 Veterinary Intern, Romania through Projects Abroad Mornings spent in busy veterinary practice for companion animals in Brasov with English-speaking veterinarians overseeing you. Afternoons are spent driving around the Transylvanian countryside to different farms for treatment of livestock. Term: Fall, Spring, Summer, Throughout the year, Winter Durations of Program: 2-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks, 9-12 weeks and 3-6 months Typical Duration of Program: 5-8 weeks

 India Veterinary Experience through Projects Abroad Split your day between sometimes hectic surgery in the morning and then accompany your veterinarian supervisor as they do their rounds in the surrounding villages attending to both domestic and farm animals including cows, goats, dogs and a whole host of other animals. As different centers specialize in different animals you will rotated around to guarantee that you receive get a well-rounded, balanced placement and unrivalled practical hands- on experience. State: Tamil Nadu:(Sivakasi) Durations of Program: 2-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks, 9-12 weeks and 3-6 months Typical Duration of Program: 9-12 weeks

 Veternarian Work in Ghana with Projects Abroad Working in conjunction with the Ghanaian Department of Veterinary Services, we place you as close as possible to your desired specializations amongst Africa’s friendliest people for a real experience. You will get to investigate diseases that have been eradicated from the US and Europe. We have placement with an Animal Rescue Center, an Army Base working with horses and Accra National Zoo amongst others.

37 Location in Ghana: Greater Accra: Accra Durations of Program: 2-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks, 9-12 weeks, 3-6 months and 7-12 months Typical Duration of Program: 9-12 weeks

Projects Abroad Contact Information 347 W 36th St. Suite 901 New York, NY 10018 United States Phone: 1-888-839-3535 Fax: 212 244 7236 To email them click on this link http://www.volunteerinternational.org/ and fill out the email form. ______

The Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA) : was founded in 1967 and includes the National Veterinary Associations of 52 member associations. An elected Councillor leads each member association and in each of the following countries there are six regions represented: East, Central and Southern Africa, West Africa, Asia, Australasia/Oceania, Canada/Caribbean and UK/Mediterranean. The elected Councillors then elect a Regional Representative from among them. This person will be responsible for heading the Association as a member of the Executive Council. Their mission is to promote veterinary medicine to its fullest to “advance animal health, productivity and welfare so as to improve the quality of life of all its peoples”. For them, this includes promoting vets in emerging fields, encouraging assistance of developing countries by developed countries and promoting the creation of a National Veterinary Association in any Commonwealth member country where none exists, amonghttp://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Home/index.htm other goals. http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/History.htm http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/MissionStmt.htm http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/Aims.htm

Externships/internships/exchanges can be arranged for Canadian students.

 Contact: o Asia: Dr. H.M.S.P. Herath Regional Representative - Asian Region 15/4 Sudharmarama Mawatha Bowela, Kandy SRI LANKA Tel: (94 08 1) 2234166

38 (94 08 1) 2388031 Fax: (94 1) 505799 E-mail: hmspherath @hotmail.com

o Australasia/Oceania: Dr Jeff Cave Regional Representative, Australasia/Oceania Department of Primary Industries 1 McKoy Street, WODONGA Victoria 3689, AUSTRALIA Tel: (612) 6055 6111(W) (612) 6020 8348(H) Mobile: 0418 583654 Email: [email protected] o Canada/Caribbean: Dr. Collin Boyle Regional Representative, Canada/Caribbean Unique Animal CareCo. Ltd,PO Box 1135 Kingstown, ST. VINCENT, West Indies Tel : (1 784) 456 4981 Fax : (1 784) 456 5964 Email: menzo @caribsurf.com

o Africa East, Central and Southern: Dr.W.O.Ogara PO Box 43873, 00100 Kabete, KENYA Tel : (254) 22712537 Fax : (254) 2 631325 Mobile :(254) 722 719828 Email: [email protected] [email protected] o West-Africa : Dr Richard D Suu-Ire Regional Representative, West Africa PO Box 143 Legon, GHANA Tel: (233 21) 772553 (O) (233 21) 782177 (R) Fax: (233 21) 776021 Email:[email protected] [email protected]

39 o UK/Mediterranean: Dr Charalambos Kakoyiannis Regional Representative,UK/Mediterranean Senior Veterinary Officer Head of Veterinary Laboratories Veterinary Services Nicosia, CYPRUS Tel: (357) 22 805187(O) (357) 22 330919(R) Fax: (357)22 332803 E.mail: [email protected] [email protected]

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U.S.-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program involves Louisiana State University, LA; University of Minnesota, MN; Southern University, LA; Universidade Federal de Bahia, BA; Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP. Veterinary students at LSU or U of M may work with the health of animals and humans, trade issues and agricultural biosecurity. “The objective of the consortium is to establish an interdisciplinary ‘learning community’ course of study on ‘Health, Environment, Livestock and People’ through an educational exchange of students and faculty at universities in the United States and Brazil. An introductory one credit hour recruitment course will be developed to link students enrolled in public health, medicine and veterinary medicine curricula with upper division and advanced graduate students from the social, biological, agricultural and environmental sciences and to write project proposals for studies abroad that can be done as a summer elective (six credit hours). Summer coursework, to be team-taught by faculty to 22 US and 22 Brazilian students in 2006-2008, will include the equivalent of two credit hours didactic and laboratory coverage of major issues on the global interactions of health, environment, livestock and people. Based on approved work plans, each student will then complete a mentored special project on a major international health and societal issue during five weeks of independent study (four credit hours). Using geographic information systems and remote sensing methods, a computer based ‘spatial database infrastructure’ will be implemented to map and analyze the environmental risk of human and animal disease and the potential societal effects of health issues related to globalization, trade, food security and international development.”

http://www.fipse.aed.org/grantshow.cfm?grantNumber=P116M040009

 Contacts: o John Malone Project Director U.S. Lead

40 Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge, LA 70803 Tel: 225-578-9692 Fax: 225-578-9701 o Jeffrey Bender U.S. Partner

University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical and Population Sciences 1354 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, MN 55108 Tel: 612-624-4906 Fax: 612-624-4906 o James Diaz U.S. Partner

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans School of Public Health 1600 Canal Street, Suite 800 New Orleans, LA 70112 Tel: 504-599-1067 Fax: 504-578-6905 o Walter Wiles U.S. Partner

Southern University 327 JS Clark Administration Bldg, PO Box 10684 Baton Rouge, LA 70813 Tel: 225-771-2008 Fax: 225-771-4242 o Carlos Augusto Araujo Valadao Brazilian Partner

Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias de Jaboticabal-UNESP, Via Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Jaboticabal 14884-900 Brazil Tel: 55 16-3209-2631 Fax: 55 16 3202-4275 o Maria Emilia Bavia Brazilian Lead

41 Universidade Federal da Bahia Preventative Medicine Department Av. Adamar de Barros, 500

Ondina Salvador 40170-110 Brazil Tel: 55 71-9978-1401 Fax: 55 71-245-2813

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International Veterinary Students Association (IVSA) : is a veterinary student organization created to help animals and people worldwide in order to “promote the international application of veterinary skills, education and knowledge”. It hopes to improve the standards of veterinary education by augmenting the exchange of “ideas and knowledge” internationally and between different cultures. The organization hopes to give veterinary students the chance to learn about out of the ordinary topics like “management, welfare and environmental issues, technical language training and specialisation unique to another country”. In order to fulfil these objectives the IVSA organizes student exchange programs, holds international congresses/ symposia, produces various publication, supports veterinary education especially in disadvantage countries, works with professional veterinary health care organizations and represents the international professional interests of veterinary students. http://www.ivsa.org/

The above is an excerpt. To read the website from where the information was obtained and to learn more details about IVSA and how to join IVSA, go to: http://www.ivsa.org/about.asp

If you are a registered member, you may log onto their site using username and password and click on Student Exchanges. IVSA offers: 1. Individual Exchanges 2. Group Exchanges 3. Worldmap of Local IVSA chapters 4. Student Exchange Experiences http://www.ivsa.org/exchangeexp.asp

 Contacts: o you may email a form inquiring about exchanges at:

http://www.ivsa.org/forms.asp

42 The current group exchange is said to be in Croatia. Become a member and learn more! o IVSA Info Office KVL, DSR Dyrlaegevej 9 DK-1870 Frederiksberg DENMARK Fax. +45 3528 2152 E-mail [email protected]

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Calgary Zoo offers an externship in zoo medicine which allows senior veterinary students to help veterinarians with patient treatment, laboratory work, rounds and necropsies. Externships are expected to be a month or longer: The Animal Health Center there has tzo veterinarians and three animal health technologists. Applications should be submitted while vet students are still in their junior year. While a one-bedroom apartment and transportation from the airport are provided, the externship is unpaid and no daily transportation is provided. It is recommended to have tetanus and rabies vaccinations. It is mandatory to have a TB test. Discuss insurance and an expense estimate with the contact person. Submit a cover letter, a curriculum vitae and two reference letters to the contact person. Contact person can also discuss how to apply. http://www.aazv.org/externships.htm#canada

 Contacts: Dr. Doug Whiteside Calgary Zoo 1625 Centre Ave. East, Calgary, AB, Canada T2E 4K2 Phone: 403-232-9390 or 403-232-9309 (Dr. Sandie Black) ______

The Toronto Zoo offers an externship to senior veterinary students assisting veterinarians with day-to-day zoo animal care. The externship should be from two to six weeks long. Applicants are selected on a first-come, first-served basis. Housing can be found at a reasonable price. No expenses or transportation are covered: Rabies and other vaccines are required as well as a TB test. Insurance is not provided, but you are required to have it. http://www.aazv.org/externships.htm#canada

 Contact: G.J. Crawshaw, B.Vet.Med., M.S., MRCVS, Dipl. ACZM Toronto Zoo

43 361A Old Finch Avenue Toronto, Ontario, Canada Phone: (416) 392-5977 Fax: (416) 392-4979 Email: [email protected]

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44 Examples of Externships/Internships/Exchange Nonspecific International Programs for Veterinarians\ Veterinary Students

The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) was created in 1924 by 28 countries plagued by disease of their livestock; these countries wished to join forces against such diseases by forming an international agreement. They agreed that countries suffering a disease outbreak would alert other member countries so as to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, they wished to get together to discuss the best ways to control the most threatening infections of animals. In today’s modern world, these countries also focus on animal diseases which can be spread to humans. The mission of the OIE as stated by president, Dr. Bernard Vallat, is “To improve the health and the welfare of animals all over the world regardless of the cultural practices or the economic situations in member countries”. Specifically, the objectives of the OIE are transparency in global animal diseases and zoonoses, to collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information, to provide international solidarity in animal disease control, to follow the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) mandate under the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS) to publish international trade health standards for animals and animal products, to promote national veterinary services and to improve the safety of food derived from animals and “to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach”.

http://oie_nt3/eng/en_index.htm  Internships are one to six months long. The link to internship information is on the lefthand side in a column listed as Jobs/Internships/Services at the above link. The address of the internship information directly is: http://www.oie.int/eng/Services/stage/A_Trainees%20OIE.pdf Internships are in the categories of Communication, Scientific and Techinical Department, International Trade Department, Animal Health Information Department; Regional Activites Department and Regional Representation for the Americas (Buenos-Aires).  Applications can be downloaded from a link on the internship pdf on the first page in the right-hand column. The direct address for the application form is: http://www.oie.int/eng/Services/stage/a_application_form.pdf Applications can be sent by mail, fax or email to the: Head of Administrative & Financial Dept OIE Headquarters 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France Fax: 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87 E-mail: [email protected] ______

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) was founded in 1902 and is the world's oldest international public health agency working to improve the health and well being of people in the Americas. PAHO's mission is to provide technical cooperation and advice to its Member States and other partners in order to promote equity in health, combat disease and improve the quality of life of the peoples of the Americas. The Organization is committed to providing the highest level of technical support and leadership to PAHO Member States as they pursue their goal of Health for All. It also serves as the Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (WHO). 45 http://www.paho.org/ The career opportunities page is at: http://www.paho.org/english/am/hrm/re/hrm-geninfo.htm

Internships are discussed at: http://www.paho.org/English/AM/HRM/RE/HRM-internship.htm This site explains that “the distinction made between internship and volunteer assignments is that Interns are actually full time university students while Volunteers are professionals not currently enrolled full time at a college or university”. Internships are a one-time experience lasting 6 weeks to 3 months. Interns “should be engaged in a course of study (normally at the Master's degree level) related to health work. Volunteer assignments can be for longer periods and there is no "one time" restriction”. So if you would qualify as an intern, this site redirects you to the WHO intern site at: http://www.who.int/employment/internship/en/ Send a one page letter describing what you have to offer, how your background has prepared you for such an internship and in which languages you are fluent (being bilingual is important and you should be able to speak the language of the country in which you hope to work). Along with the letter, you should send a curriculum vitae with information about your education, current studies, language and computer knowledge. You must pay for your own expenses and have your own insurance as PAHO/WHO provide only a minimal group accident coverage.  Positions: Area Manager, Unit Chief or PAHO/WHO representative To see more postions or more details on the positions, go to the upper left-hand corner on About PAHO in the second row at http://www.paho.org/ Then click on PAHO Structure to see positions which interest you. You may access this directly at: http://www.paho.org/english/paho/organigram-2004.htm  If you wish to intern in Geneva, send your CV and letter at least 3 months in advance to: Attention HRC/Interns Central Human Resources Services World Health Organization Avenue Appia 20 CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland

 Interested in a different country? Click on the upper left-hand corner on About PAHO in the second row at http://www.paho.org/ Then click on Headquarters and Country Offices. From here you may click on any country of your choice. Or, you may access this country page directly at: http://www.paho.org/english/paho/fieldoffices.htm

46 At this site also, you may scroll down and see all the contacts for the various countries. If you wish to be an international intern, send your CV and letter to the address for the appropriate country office. ______

The World Trade Organization (WTO), located in Geneva, Switzerland, is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. http://www.wto.org/

The internship information page is at: http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/vacan_e/intern_e.htm

In summary, only “post-graduate” (meaning no undergraduate students and at least one year of graduate school completed) students are accepted for up to 24 weeks of internship. You must be 21-30 years old. Interns are paid CHF 60 daily (Swiss currency equalling 1.31$ per 1.00 CHF as of December 23, 2005). You must have your own insurance and pay for transportation to Geneva, Switzerland. You may terminate your internship (or be terminated) so long as a week’s notice is given. NOTE: As of December 23, 2005, the site says “As we are finalizing the WTO E-Recruitment System to facilitate the application process, we will not be accepting applications to the WTO Internship Programme until further notice”.

 Contact: World Trade Organization rue de Lausanne 154 CH-1211 Geneva 21 Switzerland ______

47 What is an NGO?

"The diversity of NGOs strains any simple definition”. They include:  Groups/institutions that are entirely or largely independent of government  Primarily having humanitarian or cooperative objectives not commercial ones  Private agencies in industrial countries that support international development Indeginous groups organized regionally or nationally  Member-groups in villages  Charitable and religious associations that mobilize private funds for development, distribute food and family planning services and promote community organization.  Independent cooperatives, community associations, water-user societies, women's groups and pastoral associations.  Citizen Groups that raise awareness and influence policy --- How the World Bank works with Non-Governmental Organizations. The World Bank, 1990

Nongovernmental Organization (NGO):

 Voluntary group of individuals or organizations  Usually not affiliated with any government  Formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy  Although some NGOs are for-profit corporations, the vast majority are nonprofit organizations. ---Encyclopædia Britannica

Characteristics that distinguish NGOs:

An organization may be correctly labeled an NGO if it has four characteristics identified by The Commonwealth Foundation, a London-based NGO study group. These characteristics are included here, with the permission of The Commonwealth Foundation, from its 1995 publication Non-Governmental Organizations: Guidelines for Good Policy and Practice. 1. Voluntary: NGOs are formed voluntarily by citizens. 2. Independent: Independent within the laws of society, and controlled by those who have formed them or by elected or appointed boards. 3. Not-for-profit: Not for private personal profit or gain. NGOs may, in many countries, engage in revenue-generating activities, but must use the revenue solely in pursuit of the organization’s mission. NGOs have employees who are paid for what they do. Boards are not usually paid for the work they perform, but may be reimbursed for expenses they incur in the course of performing their board duties. 4. Not self-serving in aims and related values: Aims are to improve the circumstances and prospects of people, to act on concerns and issues detrimental to the well-being, circumstances, or prospects of people or society as a whole. ---An NGO Training Guide for Peace Corps at Volunteershttp://www.peacecorps.gov/library/pdf/m0070/M0070_all.pdf

48 Non-Governmental Organizations in International Veterinary Medicine

1. VETAID was established as a specialist charity in 1989 and is a member of Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Europa. VETAID aims to improve the livelihoods of farmers and pastoralists in developing countries by improving the access to livestock health and husbandry resources using traditional livestock practices as a foundation wherever possible. The Web site provides information about the organisation and VETAID's current projects in Somaliland, Tanzania and Mozambique. Details of publications, job opportunities and a contact list is also provided. http://www.vetaid.org/  Check website for job postings: http://www.vetaid.org/jobs.asp

VETAID Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PL, United Kingdom Telephone - +44 (0)131 445 6241, Fax +44 (0)131 445 6242, [email protected]

 Contact Vetaid

VETAID is based just outside Edinburgh at the Pentlands Science Park.

Our mailing address is:

VETAID Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PL United Kingdom

Telephone - +44 (0)131 445 6241 Fax - +44 (0)131 445 6242 Email - [email protected]

Name Position Email Robert Bowen Africa Regional Coordinator [email protected] MOZAMBIQUE

Name Position Email Emma Sylvester Bradley National Coordinator [email protected] Telma Simeão Mazuze Accountant

49 Hilário S. O. Muchabje Administrative Assistant Project Coordinator, DFID Matilde Marta B. Zita Project Mariamo A. I. Jamaldine Accountant, DFID Project Nuno M. de Omargy Driver Paulina Arcénia Muchabje Cleaner António de Almeida Uane Guard Pedro Dique João Pedro Guard Victor Horácio Cossa Guard Project Coordinator, Demere Seyoum Chókwè Project Romualdo Rutazianh Veterinarian Sérgio Chacha Community Trainer Abílio Abreu Caixote Veterinary Trainer Victorino Bahule Veterinary Trainer José Wílson Extensionist Hermínio Melício Extensionist Francisco Gueruta Extensionist Accountant, Chokwe Sérgio Jalane Project Elias Sandramo Logistician Daniel Chaúque Mechanic/Driver Evelízio Chipendle Receptionist Ronaldo Sigaúque Administrator Project Coordinator, Nélson Rading Outa Inhambane Proj Accountant, Inhambane Grácio A. maninguane Project Clotilde António Saize Trainer Sancho James Loforte Veterinarian Conceição S. Borges Driver Amélia Joaquim Administrative Assistant TANZANIA

Name Position Email Rob Allport National Coordinator [email protected] SOMALILAND

Name Position Email Hassan Ali Project Manager [email protected] Mohamed Abdillahi Gardaf Admin / Finance Officer Amal Ahmed Hashi Admin Assistant

50 Sulub Ismail Ahmed Program Officer, EU Project Pastoral Livelihood Mustafa Anwar Awed Development Project Manager Musa Yusuf Mohamed Driver Muse farah Abdi Driver Maraim Khadar Hassan Cleaner Mawlid Abdillahi Ali Watchman Kosar Hassan Oomay Watchman Yusuf Dahir Ibrahim Watchman Ali Abdillahi hashi Watchman UNITED KINGDOM

Name Position Email Development Education Sarah Brown [email protected] Co-ordinator Russell Dickson Chief Executive [email protected] Leonie Fraser Fundraiser [email protected] Annette Hardie Accounts Assistant [email protected] Louise McAndie Finance Manager [email protected] Pauline Ormsby Administrator [email protected] Jenny Schwarz Projects Co-ordinator [email protected]

VETAID Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PL, United Kingdom Telephone - +44 (0)131 445 6241, Fax +44 (0)131 445 6242,

2. The Animal Health Trust is a registered charity which provides specialist veterinary clinical, diagnostic and surgical services. This Web site contains information about the Trust, its research, activities, publications, continuing education, clinical services and information services. Information is provided about specific canine and equine disorders and there are instructions on how to visit the Trust and on giving donations. http://www.aht.org.uk/

Click on “Current Vacancies”. Contact information is listed with available position. 3. The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA ) is a UK based charity which provides veterinary care for pet animals when they are ill or injured and their pet owners cannot afford private vet fees. Founded in 1917, the PDSA currently has 46 animal hospitals across Britain and the PDSA receives no state funding, relying entirely on public support through donations, legacies and fundraising. This Web site provides information on the aims of the PDSA, fundraising activities, junior club membership, and fact sheets can be ordered on the following topics: pets and holidays, christmas care, and first aid. It is 51 important to note that eligibility for PDSA help is only provided to pet owners who receive means-tested state benefits as their households main income. http://www.pdsa.org.uk/pages/index.cfm Click on Employment or go directly to http://www.pdsa.org.uk/pages/page05.cfm

Veterinary Positions are Veterinary Surgeon and Head Veterinary Surgeon. Fundraising, Retail and Head Office jobs are also available.

Check Vacancies for openings at http://www.pdsa.org.uk/pages/page05_2.cfm by typing in your desired job and location.

If you have employment questions, visit site: http://www.pdsa.org.uk/pages/page05_3.cfm There is also an online application at: http://www.pdsa.org.uk/pages/page05_4.cfm

Non-Governmental Organizations in International Veterinary Medicine for Veterinarians who Wish to Volunteer

1. Veterinarians without Borders: VWB/VSF-Canada is a humanitarian organization founded by a group of Canadian veterinarians in November of 2004. Our mission is to work with those in need to foster the health of animals, people, and the environments that sustain us. Our founding members are engaged in activities around the world related to the health of farm animals (aquaculture as well as land-based), urban domestic animals, and wildlife, as well as public and ecosystem health.

52 http://www.vwb-vsf.ca/english/

As of July 2005, they have no overseas volunteer opportunities. “For opportunities to help with organization in Canada, or with proposals for programs, please contact us at”: [email protected].

2. People Protecting Animals & Their Habitats advocates for the humane treatment of all animals, as well as the conservation and protection of areas that are vital to the survival of endangered or threatened species. We accomplish this by providing communities, through educational and vocational opportunities, realistic and sustainable solutions that both improve the quality of animals' lives and stop habitat destruction. Area of Focus: Community Building and Renewal, Education, Wildlife and Animal Welfare Location: Boston, Massachusetts, 02138,United States

http://www.ppath.org

Job Listing may be located at : http://www.idealist.org/if/idealist/en/SiteIndex/AssetViewer/view? asset=VolunteerOpportunity&asset-id=113846- 130&keywords=veterinarian&sid=41419366-38-NzhYm

Or search at www.idealist.org under veterinarian then under volunteer.

Job description: Veterianarians needed to do volunteer shifts (spay/neuter, vaccination) at newly built nonprofit clinic in Granada, Nicargua.

Contact Person: Kelly Overton Phone: 617-354-2826 Fax: 3. Animal Rescue - Kerala, India We are dedicated to improving 617-354-2919 the overall welfare of the dogs and cats in Kovalam, a coastal town in the state of Kerala. We have undertaken the only private sterilization program in the entire state as an alternative to the government sponsored eradication of street animals through agonizing strychnine injections. Area of Focus: Wildlife and Animal Welfare 53 Location: Thiruvanathapuram District, Kerala, 695521, India http://www.animalrescuekerala.org

Job Listing: http://www.idealist.org/if/idealist/en/SiteIndex/AssetViewer/view? asset=VolunteerOpportunity&asset-id=107373- 99&keywords=veterinarian&sid=41419366-38-NzhYm

Or search at www.idealist.org under veterinarian then under volunteer.

Job Description: We are in need of a qualified Veterinarian to undertake the neutering operations as part of our sterilization program among dogs & cats. Additionally, we recieve various emergency cases on a daily basis that will require any number of surgical procedures including but not limited to amputations, wound debridements & closure, simple fracture fixation, tumour removals, and ear canal ablation. Many of our cases are the result of cruely and neglect such as emaciation, dehydration, mange, and other widespread skin infections. Other common ailments include distemper, parvo virus due to lack of vaccination, and severe kennel cough leading to pneumonia.

Contact Person: Avis Lyons Phone: 0471 2796202 or 2483180 You may also email her at : [email protected]

Non-Governmental Organizations in International Veterinary Medicine for Those who Wish to Volunteer Helping Disadvantaged People

1. Oxfam Great Britain is a development, relief, and campaigning organisation that works with others to find lasting solutions to poverty and suffering around the world. We believe that everyone is entitled to a life of dignity and opportunity; and we work with poor communities, local partner organisations, volunteers, and supporters to make this a reality. Oxfam's goal is a world where every person is: secure, skilled, equal, safe, healthy and heard.

54 http://www.oxfam.org.uk/

 Volunteers specifically: To download an application to be considered as a volunteer go to: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/index.htm see the right-hand column. Send this volunteer application by email to: [email protected] The internet address of the downloadable volunteer application form itself is: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/downloads/appform.rtf For the latest openings for volunteers go to this address: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/latest.htm#eventhum After each listing is specific contact information.

 Interns specifically : The new programme is divided into three intakes throughout the year – January to May, June to August and September to December. Although unpaid, the new scheme provides an allowance for lunch and reasonable travel expenses, and the flexible hours will enable participants to get part-time jobs to finance their internship. The Oxfam Internship is a great way to develop skills in an international NGO and is an excellent experience for your CV. In order to take up an internship in the UK you must have a valid visa to work or volunteer in this country. Oxfam cannot arrange travel and accommodation for interns coming from overseas. See the following site to click on a listing of short-term internships, a listing of long- term internships and/or an internship application form in the right-hand column: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/internship.htm Send this internship application by email to: [email protected] The internet address of the downloadable volunteer application form itself is: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/downloads/internship_appform. doc To go directly to short-term internships: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/internship_short.htm To go directly to long-term internships: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/volunteer/internship_long.htm After each short and long internship listing is specific contact information. ______

2. CUSO is a Canadian-based international development organization and one of the leading volunteer-sending organizations in the country. We work with partner groups and individuals seeking to foster equality and freedom, safeguard cultures and communities, and protect the environment.

At CUSO we call our international volunteers cooperants, because we believe real social change means cooperation between equal partners. Our cooperants are sent to Africa, Asia, the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean. 55 http://www.cuso.org

 Search for all openings for international volunteers “cooperants” by clicking on CUSO World at the address: http://www.cuso.org/category.asp? lang=1&mode=&fold=&category_id=D68481ED62A411D4855800062950B7A0&cate gory_name=CUSO+World&type_id=1 You may click on your countries of interest on a map of the world. In the topmost lines on the page in small print you may click on “Addresses and Contact Information” and “Current Cooperant Placements”. These are individualized by country.

 For the most recent openings for international volunteers “cooperants” can be found at: http://www.cuso.org/category.asp? lang=1&mode=&fold=&category_id=4AF1D1B48FBA420F928D3CC93BEB2351&cat egory_name=Overseas+Volunteers&type_id=9 Below the postings are buttons: “Apply Online”, “Request More Information”, “Conditions of Service” and “Placement Description”. ______

If you are interested in perusing other volunteer and career opportunities, you may find this site useful: http://la.ucdavis.edu/international/international_iccfavs.htm

What are the Qualifications to Work in an NGO ?

There are three categories of qualifications of NGOs: 1. Highly specific non-veterinary career experience required for each job in a list of diverse openings 2. Veterinary diploma along with national and state certification, preferably with some clinic experience is required

56 3. No specific experience is required, except openness to taking instructions, to change and to diversity

We have attempted to list some examples of the NGOs offering positions to veterinarians. We have also listed a few sites for job listings in highly specific non- veterinary areas. These first two categories often pay or at least offer benefits of some kind. You must research each post which interests you either on the site at the addresses listed or by using the contact information to request more information. The third category requiring no specific career experience often does not pay and often you must pay to participate although this depends on each individual NGO.

Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an NGO

 Should have a “can-do attitude”  Assist staff in learning how to research and prepare funding proposals  Have a clear understanding of the goals of the particular NGO  Have or learn technology skills to collaborate with other NGOs and to access to information

57  Have Group skills: o Work cooperatively and creatively with others o Learn to trust your group o Work synergistically o More specifically: 1. Be a facilitator or catalyst  Do not act as an NGO manager, expert consultant, or “doer.”  Briefly, facilitation is the process of helping individuals and groups stay focused and reach their learning goals.  Never sign documents on behalf of the NGO, speak for the NGO, or have discretionary use of NGO funds.  Model effective techniques  Help people learn how to be motivators, work in groups, conduct meetings, encourage participation, arrive at consensus  Develop an atmosphere where people feel safe and empowered to participate in the process  Monitor time  Orchestrate the process to assure the task is accomplished in a manner that leads to valid results

2. Be able to train counterparts and other NGO staff  Training increases knowledge and skills, and encourages positive attitudes

---Summarized in Outline form directly from “An NGO Training Guide for Peace Corps” at Volunteershttp://www.peacecorps.gov/library/pdf/m0070/M0070_all.pdf

What is an Ad Hoc Program in International Veterinary Medicine?

Ad Hoc Committee: A committee formed when need to fufill a very specific mission. In terms of International Veterinary Medicine these ad hoc committees are often

58 created when diseases affect more than one country. In this way, the information from more than one country and thus more than one viewpoint can be compiled. ---Based on the American Heritage Dictionary listing on Answers.com at: http://www.answers.com/topic/ad-hoc

Examples of Ad Hoc Programs in International Veterinary Medicine

Formed by the OIE:  The Role of Private Veterinarians and Para professionals in the Provision of Animal Health Services Ad Hoc Program  Animal Welfare Ad Hoc Program Ad Hoc Program  Antimicrobial Resistance Ad Hoc Program  Working Group on Animal Disease Categorization Ad Hoc Program  Non-Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomoses Ad Hoc Program  BSE, Epidemiology Ad Hoc Program  Working Group on Biotechnology Ad Hoc Program

New Zealand Food Safety Committee (Codex Alimentarius Commission and Codex Activities):  Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Animal Feeding  Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology  Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task force on Fruit and Vegetable Juices

Formed by the European Union (EU):  Assessment for OIE Listing of Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD) Ad Hoc Program

Formed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO):  Ad Hoc Consultation on Aquaculture Research

Formed by the World Health Organization (WHO):  Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections  Codex ad hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology  Ad Hoc Working Group on Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe

Employment Opportunities Available through Ad hoc Programs with Regards to International Veterinary Medicine

59  Both of these Ad hoc Employment Opportunities can be found under the section: Employment Opportunities Available within International Standard Setting Organizations:  To learn about experts consulting the World Health Organization for Animals (OIE) in Ad hoc groups, see page 90.  To learn about experts for the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) consulting for the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), see page 93.

Qualifications Required to Work as Part of an Ad Hoc Program/Group

 At least a four year college degree

 Usually several years (3-5) of experience in your field

 Highly specialized knowledge in a very specific area. Examples are: o Veterinary Virology o Specialists in diseases like BSE, Avian Influenza o Human Nutrition o Veterinary Immunology o Finance and Business

Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an Part of an Ad Hoc Program/Group

 Group Skills o Facilitating conversations with other experts and with staff from the organization requesting the ad hoc group

 Ability to Act as a Consultant o Offer well-thought out opinions on topics in your specialty o Research aspects of your field which might have evolved or with which you might not be familiar

 Excellent Communication Skills o Speak articulately in all Required Languages o Be able to Present Information in an Organized Fashion o Be able to Record Your Ideas Accurately o Be able to Analyze the Written and Spoken Ideas of Others (including email and telephone calls)

 Organizational Skills

What is an International Technical Cooperation Organization ?

60 An international technical cooperation organization is an intergovernmental, international agency which may cooperate with other international agencies on specific technical matters. Such an organization has countries as its official members. Cooperation with other international agencies entails supporting the development and wellbeing of people and animals through programs, projects and training aids. Experts in a technical area, for example public health, are trained and exchanged. This cooperation also entails using the experts’ advice, for example, to better formulate policy and take action in areas, such as public health, including communicating with national and international organizations through networks.

International Technical Cooperation Organizations with Programs in International Veterinary Medicine

61 1. United Nations Organizations:

World Health Organization (WHO): The World Health Organization (WHO): is the United Nations specialized agency whose objective is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health. In this context, WHO defines health as being a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It considers the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition. The work of the Organization is carried out by the World Health Assembly, which comprises delegates of all 192 Member States and which meets once a year to determine the policies of the Organization, the Executive Board, which gives effect to the decisions and policies of the Health Assembly, and the Secretariat, which comprises the Director-General and such technical and administrative staff as the Organization may require. http://www.who.int/about/en/ http://www.who.int/en/

a. WHO's International veterinary medicine programmes: are aimed at strengthening the effective control of zoonotic diseases in order to reduce the burden of these diseases and ultimately contribute also to the alleviation of poverty by improving both human and animal health. Global oversight of these programmes lays with the Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases, at WHO headquarters in Geneva. But a wide range of inter-regional, regional and country activities are coordinated by its six regional offices in Harare, Washington, Cairo, Copenhagen, Delhi and Manila. In addition, a unique self-funding programme for the control of zoonotic diseases in the Mediterranean area was established in Athens in 1978 under a bilateral agreement with the Government of Greece. Other specific examples of WHO's programme activities in this area include the following:

(a) WHO in close collaboration with OIE and FAO screens, verifies and monitors information on diseases of common interest (mostly zoonoses). During 2005 collaboration on information exchange for joint action included:

 H5N1 occurrence in animals and humans in Asia and through the WHO, FAO and OIE specialized laboratory networks continue work on the HPAI viruses of animals in Asia and more recently Europe; and  continued surveillance, verification and containment of outbreaks of communicable diseases with a number of very serious outbreaks of zoonotic diseases such a plague in DRC and Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Uganda.

(b) Laboratory-based surveillance of foodborne pathogens (e.g. GSS or Global Salmonella Surveillance system) including the strengthening of regional support centers particularly for Latin America and Asia.

62 (c) Promotion of the exchange of food safety information with WHO Member States and improvement of the collaboration among food safety authorities at national and international levels through the WHO/FAO International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN).

(d) Organization of international consultations with FAO and OIE on emerging and re- emerging zoonoses, neglected zoonoses and poverty alleviation, antimicrobial resistance associated with the non-human use of antimicrobials particularly in food animals and food safety, etc.

(e) Establishment or improvement of WHO websites on zoonotic diseases at www.who.int/zoonoses as well as on rabies and rabies surveillance at www.who.int/rabies and www.who.int/rabnet and on food safety at www.who.int/foodsafety.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) was founded in 1902 and is the world's oldest international public health agency. PAHO’s goal is to improve the health and well being of people in the Americas. PAHO's mission is to provide technical cooperation and advice to its Member States and other partners aimed at promoting equity in health, combating disease and improving the quality of life in the Americas. The Organization is committed to providing the highest level of technical support and leadership to PAHO Member States as they pursue their goal of Health for All. It also serves as the Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (WHO). http://www.paho.org/

b. PAHO Veterinary Public Health Unit has the following international veterinary medicine programs:

1. Surveillance, prevention, and control of zoonoses relevant to public health. 2. Prevention of foodborne diseases. 3. Safety of food produced for human consumption. 4. Promotion of animal health to boost production, productivity and thus, the food supply and socioeconomic development. 5. Promotion of environmental protection to prevent potential risks to public health stemming from livestock production and pet ownership. 6. Development of biomedical models for health research; conservation of neotropical primates.

See: http://www.paho.org/English/ad/dpc/vp/vp-unit-page.htm

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): was founded in 1945 in an attempt to end hunger, especially in rural areas. The FAO helps developing countries to modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices. The FAO also works with developed countries, acting as a “neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy”. In summary, the FAO acts to:63 put information in “reach, to share policy expertise, to provide a meeting place for nations and to bring knowledge to the fields”. http://www.fao.org/UNFAO/about/index_en.html www.fao.org

a. In the Agriculture Department of the FAO under the Division of Animal Production and Health there are the following programs in international veterinary medicine:

ii. The Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/grep/home.html

iii. Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis (PAAT)

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/paat/home.html

iv. Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/A9.html

v. Veterinary Public Health and Food and Feed Safety

vi. Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation

vii. Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources

viii. Technologies and Systems for Efficient Natural Resource Use in Livestock Production

ix. Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/B1.html

x. Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge Framework

64 http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/P1.html

xi. Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field Programme

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/S1.html

Click on any of the programs at this site for more information:

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/aga_prog.html b. The FAO collaborated with the

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE, in Paris, France:

http://oie_nt3/eng/en_index.htm

and the World Veterinary Association (WVA):

http://www.worldvet.org/

…during the 28th World Veterinary Congress in Minneapolis on July 17th, 2005 to write:

“Proceedings of the Seminar ‘Challenges in Responding to New International and Societal Demands on the Veterinary Profession’”

The booklet is divided into two sections with very impressive articles in both sections:

 Section 1: New Demands on the Profession

o ‘Recent advances on animal welfare and the role of the public and private veterinarian’ by David Wilson

o ‘Responding to consumer demands for safe food, a major role for veterinarians in the 21st Century’ by Dr. J.-J. Bénet and Dr. Veronique Bellemain

o ‘Financial constraints, how they affect the services provided by the public and Veterinary Services, strategies for the future’ by Dr. Luis O. Barcos

o ‘New tools for the training of veterinarians and improvement of Veterinary Services’ by Dr. Lonnie J. King

 Section 2: How to Address the Demands of the Profession

65 o ‘A practical tool for the evaluation of Veterinary Services: first results of its application in Latin America’ by Dr. Kevin Walker and Dr. A. B. Thiermann

o ‘New competencies required for veterinarians , with a focus on international careers’ by Dr. Joseph Domenech and Dr. Carlos Eddi

o ‘Private-public sector links, including official Veterinary Services, private practitioners, para-professionals’ by Dr. Herbert Schneider

o Appendix: OIE Initiatives to Support Veterinary Services Missions as an International Public Good

It is described in the OIE Bulletin No. 2005-3 “Fourth Strategic Plan and report of the General Session” (ISSN 1684-3770):

“Proceedings of the seminar ‘Challenges in responding to new international and societal demands on the veterinary profession’ ISBN 92-9044-683-8 74 pp (My note: Softcover) 21 x 29.7 cm Price: 18 Euros

“The majority of young veterinarians now choose to work in an urban environment, a trend that is inevitably leading to a scarcity of veterinarians in rural areas. This worldwide phenomenon has to be addressed as a priority if we are to continue to ensure early detection and response to animal diseases, including woonoses, as qell as the health protection and surveillance of wildlife. There is also a need for greater involvement of the veterinary profession in food safety inspection, research and administration. The solutions exist but a firm commitment from Governments, veterinary schools and the veterinary profession is urgently required” (page 27).

To inquire about ordering this publication, Contact:

OIE 12, rue de prony 75017 Paris, France tel. 33 01 44 15 18 88 fax 33 01 42 67 09 87 www.oie.int email: [email protected]

66 2. Non-United Nations Organizations:

Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA): is an organization with 34 member countries in the Americas. It supports agriculture in rural areas in these countries. Specifically, the mission of IICA is “to encourage the modernization of the rural sector, the promotion of food security, and the development of an agricultural sector that is competitive, technologically prepared, environmentally managed, and socially equitable for the peoples of the Americas”

http://www.iica.int/eliica/

International Regional Organization for Plant and Animal Protection (OIRSA) : OIRSA is the International Regional Organization for Health in Agriculture, which supports efforts of its member countries to protect their plant and animal resources through establishing and developing projects for animal health, plant health, quarantine services and food safety, contributing consequently to facilitate regional and international trade under the umbrella of the international standards issued by OIE, IPPC and Codex Alimentarius. OIRSA was created in the late40s when the Ministers of Agriculture of seven countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, decided to join forces to protect the plant and animal resources from diseases or pests. The mission is to facilitate the economic and social development of the region, through a sound and a quality production, environmentally acceptable, in order to satisfy the human population needs.

http://www.oirsa.org/Publicaciones/OIRSA/Contenido-02.htm

http://www.oirsa.org/Publicaciones/OIRSA/NuestraMision-02.htm

http://www.oirsa.org/Publicaciones/OIRSA/Contenido-02.htm

i. Ongoing International veterinary medicine projects:

1. Prevention of Classical Swine Fever (PREFIP II) Financed by the Republic of China-Taiwan/OIRSA/CAP. Objective: to maintain CSF free status in countries and regions which are already free of the disease, and to reduce the incidence of CSF in the endemic countries.

2. Regional Program to Prevent, Control and Eradicate Avian Diseases (PREA)

67 Financed by the Republic of China-Taiwan. Objective: To improve and maintain avian diseases status of the region, in order to facilitate international trade of poultry, poultry products and by-products through a transparent process.

3. Support of Agricultural trade through the Harmonized Regional Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (ATN/MT-7957-RG) Financed by the Interamerican Development Bank, through the Multilateral Development Fund and OIRSA Objective: to improve agricultural trade within the countries which are part of the Plan-Puebla-Panama initiative, through the harmonization in the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

4. Regional Program of Continental Fishery and Aquaculture (PREPAC) Executing agencies: SICA/OSPESCA Administrative agency: OIRSA Financed by the Republic of China-Taiwan Objective: To promote the systematic and integrated development of fishery, through the preparation of sustainable plans for lakes, ponds and dams.

5. Strengthening of Phytosanitary Capacities of the OIRSA Member Countries TCP/RLA/2912(A) Financing and executing agencies: FAO / OIRSA Objective: To train personnel of the veterinary services of the OIRSA member countries in the compliance with international phytosanitary standards.

6. Plant and Animal Protection Service, SEPA Financed by OIRSA Objective: To improve technical building, infrastructure and technology to the inspection services.

For more information about OIRSA or any of the above programs, see: African Union/ Interafrican Bureau for Animal Research (AU/IBAR): was http://www.oirsa.org/Publicaciones/OIRSA/Contenido-02.htm created in 1951 to deal with “all aspects of epizootic diseases in Africa”. The overall objective of IBAR is to improve the animal resources of Africa so as to enhance the nutrition and incomes of the people of Africa. IBAR is the only institution in Africa that can rapidly respond to the problem of animal resources at a continental level because it has the mandate from the Heads of State and Government of AU member countries to do so. Accordingly, IBAR can quickly and efficiently respond to trans-boundary problems of animal resources including major animal diseases. The following are functions of IBAR: improving animal health delivery systems, animal feed, animal genetic resources/breeding, developing technology transfer for the development of animal resources, promoting human resource development for livestock development, encouraging livestock 68 development research and organizing scientific conferences, workshops and seminars about livestock management and development. http://www.au-ibar.org http://www.au-ibar.org/Site2/en/ibar/HistoryBackground.htm#

a. In the African Union/ Interafrican Bureau for Animal Research (AU/IBAR) there are the following programs in international veterinary medicine:

ii. Pan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE)

http://www.au-ibar.org/EN/index.htm

iii. Institutional and Policy Support Team (IPST)

http://www.cape-ibar.org/

iv. Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas (FITCA)

http://www.ibar-fitca.org/

Contact:

 AU/IBAR Office, Nairobi , Kenya P. O. Box 30786 , Nairobi , Kenya Tel: (254-20) 250688 334550/318877/90/92 Fax: (254-20) 220546 e-mail: [email protected]

 Staff Individual Email Addresses

o Dr Modibo Tiémoko TRAORE Director/Head of Mission [email protected]

69 o Irene UWIZEYE Bilingual Secretary to the Director/Head of Mission [email protected]

o Dr René BESSIN Coordinator _ PACE [email protected]

o Dr. George GITAU Technical Officer – Animal Health Resources [email protected]

o Wubishet ALEMU Acting Finance and Administration Officer [email protected]

o Gladys NYABUNDI Administrative Assistant – Human Resources and Administration [email protected]

The Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA) : was founded in 1967 and includes the National Veterinary Associations of 53 member associations. An elected Councillor leads each member association and in each of the following countries there are six regions represented: East, Central and Southern Africa, West Africa, Asia, Australasia/Oceania, Canada/Caribbean and UK/Mediterranean. The elected Councillors then elect a Regional Representative from among them. This person will be responsible for heading the Association as a member of the Executive Council. Their mission is to promote veterinary medicine to its fullest to “advance animal health, productivity and welfare so as to improve the quality of life of all its peoples”. For them, this includes promoting vets in emerging fields, encouraging assistance of developing countries by developed countries and promoting the creation of a National Veterinary Association in any Commonwealth member country where none exists, 70 among other goals. The CVA also links its members closely and disseminates professional knowledge through its website and journal. http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Home/index.htm

http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/History.htm http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/MissionStmt.htm http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/Aims.htm

a. In the Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA), there are the following volunteer programs/projects in international veterinary medicine:

i. Capacity building for veterinary undergraduate education in Chittagong Veterinary College, Bangladesh

ii. National Rabies Campaign in Uganda

iii. Stray Dog Problem in the Pacific Islands

iv. Training of Sri Lanka undergraduates/Veterinary Professionals in Veterinary Surgery

For projects ii through iv see:

b. In the Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA), there are the following volunteer workshops in international veterinary medicine: a. Workshop 1:

i. Training of animal health assistants in Gambia ii. Training of Women Dairy Farmers in India

http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/WorkShop.htm

71 b. Workshop 2:

i. A Meeting of Pacific Island Vets in the Solomon Islands ii. A Meeting of Mozambican Vets on a Kenyan Farm iii. A Workshop and Conference in Guyana for Women Veterinarians iv. A Field Trip to a Farma T Vanuatu with Vets from the Pacific Islands v. An International Seminar on Animal Welfare in India vi. A workshop on the Training of Educators of ANIMAN Health Assistance in India

http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/Workshop2.htm

c. Workshop 3:

i. A Regional Seminar on Immunobiologicals in India ii. A Workshop for West African Vets on Swine Fever in Gambia iii. Caribbean Vets at a CVA Conference iv. Australia/Oceania Vets in New Zealand at a Meeting v. A Meeting of CVA Councillors

http://www.commonwealthvetassoc.org/Main/Workshop3.htm

 Contact:

o Asia: Dr. H.M.S.P. Herath Regional Representative - Asian Region 15/4 Sudharmarama Mawatha Bowela, Kandy SRI LANKA Tel: (94 08 1) 2234166 (94 08 1) 2388031 Fax: (94 1) 505799 E-mail: hmspherath @hotmail.com

o Australasia/Oceania: Dr Jeff Cave Regional Representative, Australasia/Oceania Department of Primary Industries 1 McKoy Street, WODONGA Victoria 3689, AUSTRALIA Tel: (612) 6055 6111(W) (612) 6020 8348(H) Mobile: 0418 583654 Email: [email protected]

72 o Canada/Caribbean: Dr. Collin Boyle Regional Representative, Canada/Caribbean Unique Animal CareCo. Ltd,PO Box 1135 Kingstown, ST. VINCENT, West Indies Tel : (1 784) 456 4981 Fax : (1 784) 456 5964 Email: menzo @caribsurf.com

o Africa East, Central and Southern: Dr.W.O.Ogara PO Box 43873, 00100 Kabete, KENYA Tel : (254) 22712537 Fax : (254) 2 631325 Mobile :(254) 722 719828 Email: [email protected] [email protected]

o West-Africa : Dr Richard D Suu-Ire Regional Representative, West Africa PO Box 143 Legon, GHANA Tel: (233 21) 772553 (O) (233 21) 782177 (R) Fax: (233 21) 776021 Email:[email protected] [email protected]

o UK/Mediterranean: Dr Charalambos Kakoyiannis Regional Representative,UK/Mediterranean Senior Veterinary Officer Head of Veterinary Laboratories Veterinary Services Nicosia, CYPRUS Tel: (357) 22 805187(O) (357) 22 330919(R) Fax: (357)22 332803 E.mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Employment Opportunities Available within International Technical Cooperation Organizations with Regard to International Veterinary Medicine

1. United Nations Organizations

73 b. World Health Organization (WHO):

i. WHO employment opportunities for veterinarians: The number of fixed-term regular budget posts with WHO for veterinarians is extremely limited. Of the 10 current posts at HQ, some are dealing with strictly medical subjects, although the majority are involved in food safety and the control of communicable diseases, especially emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, working closely with the regional offices. A number of specific, time-limited projects are initiated in support of the goals of the programme whenever funds are available and short-term posts are often created to undertake such activities for the duration of the projects. Details of all vacancies are posted on WHO's website (www.who.int/employment) and applications are welcome from all appropriately qualified candidates, preferably through the website. Owing to the vast number of applicants received, however, only candidates shortlisted for test or interview will receive a response.

To see current job vacancies, go to: http://www.who.int/employment/vacancies/en/

Click on each post for more details. To get instructions for applying either online via E-Recruitment or offline via paper application, see: http://www.who.int/employment/apply/en/

If you are applying by paper application, offline, you will need to fill out a personal history form: http://erecruit.who.int/e-jobs/public/docs/WHO_Personal_History_EN.doc

Look here to apply online via E-Recruitment if you have not applied in the past: https://erecruit.who.int/e-jobs/public/hrd-vac-newuser.cfm? apptype=1&jobinfo_uid_c=1&o_c=1000

If you have applied in the past, go to E-Recruitment here: https://erecruit.who.int/e-jobs/public/ejobs-login.cfm?o_c=1000

All these methods of application are available at a click at the bottom of each post listing.

c. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

i. Employment Opportunities for Veterinarians:

74 1. Current Vacancies consist of jobs related to public health in general, with Veterinary Public Health being one among many. For example, as of 1/9/06, the following professional posts have been open:

a. Short Term Consultant in Health Promotion b. Manager of Health Project for Displaced Population in Colombia and Neighboring Countries c. Unit Chief, Noncommunicable Diseases

Current job vacancies are posted as they appear at:

http://www.paho.org/English/AM/HRM/RE/HRM-vacancies.htm

For more details on each post, click on the listing of interest to you. For instructions on applying for a post (which must be done online via e- recruitment), go to:

http://www.paho.org/English/AM/HRM/RE/HRM-apply.htm

**Note on veterinary positions: Most of the PAHO/WHO Country Offices have an Advisor in Veterinary Public Health, which usually is a P.4 (professional level) with a 5-10 years of combined national and international experience in the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases, epidemiological research, food safety and veterinary public health in local development, including participation in technical cooperation programs and activities in the area of veterinary public health. However, all these positions, as of 1/19/06, are currently filled.

Payment for a professional level P.4 job like this is about $60,000.00 if you have no dependents, plus about $20,000.00 of post-adjustment pay. Of course this depends also on the country in which you work, the “duty station”. d. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

i. Current Employment Opportunities for Veterinarians

1. Vacancies at the FAO consist of jobs related to agriculture. For example, as of 1/9/06:

a. Agricultural Officer b. Agricultural Research Officer

To check for currently available vacancies, please go to :

http://www.fao.org/va/vac_en.htm

To apply for a vacancy, you must first complete a personal history form available in Microsoft Word (A4 and Letter Formats) and

75 send it to the address at the bottom of each post (find posts at above address) and be sure to include the vacancy announcement number.

See guidelines to applicants:

http://www.fao.org/VA/guidel-e.htm

Go to this site to access a Personal History Form:

http://www.fao.org/VA/adm11e.dot

2. Non-United Nations Organizations:

a. International Regional Organization for Plant and Animal Protection (OIRSA)

i. Employment Opportunities for Veterinarians in OIRSA are Published in Main Newspapers in Each Member Country

1. Examples of Types of Veterinary Jobs:

a. Regional Level:

i. Short-term Consultants (maximum duration of three months) to develop specific projects (Pay is about $2,000-$6,000.00 per project.) ii. Animal health specialists on a medium-term basis (maximum five years) to coordinate regional programs (Pay varies.)

b. National Level: i. Quarantine Inspectors ii. Consultants to implement national programs 1. Short-term Consultant (Pay is $300.00-$1,000.00 per project.)

2. Medium-term Consultant (Pay varies.)

b. Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA)

i. There is no employment per veterinarians per se. There are volunteer programs/projects in which veterinarians can participate if they have been elected by the National Association of Member Countries to serve as a:

1. Member of the Executive Committee, or a 2. Councillor of your Country

76 This is possible if you live in a Member Country supported by the Commonwealth Foundation, UK and if you are a part of your Member Country’s National Association. All positions are unpaid.

Qualifications Required to Work in an International Technical Cooperation Organization

1. General Qualifications:

77 a. Minimum five years of post-graduate relevant experience for P4 category

b. Minimum fluency in two languages, more is better

What is P4??? Explanation of the Common System of Salary by Job Category  The2. CommonGeneral RequirementsSystem is a system for professional of assigning grades: a category rank based on your experience. You are paid according to the base minimum for your rank plus your “stage”.a. Good Your command salary is alsoof official higher language if you have and dependents. working knowledge Depending of a on your locationsecond of work, language you are whilegiven knowledgean index, a of multiplier a third language to your salary. is Multiply the indexadvantageous by your salary to see how much you will be paid above your category’s base pay.  A better explanationb. Advanced of universitythese categories: degree in relevant field or equivalent professional qualifications “ Grade Structure, Salaries and Related Allowances

Professional positionsc. Junior within Officer: the UN 3-5 system years of are experience divided into with two at categories:least one year "P" oflevels (P-1 through P-5) andinternational "D" levels experience (D-1 and D-2). P-1 is the most junior level, generally equivalent to a USG ranking of GS-11. D-2 is the most senior level, equating to the USG ranking of d.SeniorIntermediate Executive Officer: Service. 7 years of experience with at least 3-5 years of international experience Compensation in the professional and senior positions is made up of two main elements: salary and post adjustment. Salaries range from approximately $30,000 (net of taxes) fore. anSenior entry levelOfficer: (P-1) 10-15 position years to of $90,000 experience for the with top at Directorleast 5 years (D-2) at of position. Dependinginternational on circumstances, experience. employees are also eligible for dependency, rent, education, and other allowances”

Excerpted from the US Dept. of State site: http://www.state.gov/p/io/empl/11076.htm

 Another explanation can be read at the UN website. Here you can also read about how the post-adjustment indices are determined for all UN duty stations (locations):

http://www.un.org/Depts/OHRM/salaries_allowances/salary.htm

To go directly to the pay scales for each rank, click on:

http://www.un.org/Depts/OHRM/salaries_allowances/salaries/salaryscale/professio nal/base0106.xls

 In addition to base salary, money for dependents and index for duty station, workers also receive many other benefits such as education grants, hazard pay, home leave and family visits, language schemes, mobility and hardship schemes, rental subsidies, separation payments, Mission Subsistence Allowances (MSA), travel allowances and Occasional Recuperation Breaks (ORBS).

http://www.un.org/Depts/OHRM/salaries_allowances/allowanc.htm

78 http://www.un.org/Depts/OHRM/salaries_allowances/allowanc.htm 3. Specific Qualifications Listed by Organization a. United Nations Organizations:

i. World Health Organization (WHO):

79 1. General Requirements: a. A university degree and post-graduate education in the relevant area of specialization (e.g. epidemiology, food safety, public health, virology or epidemiology). b. National and/or international experience, the required length varying according to the demands of the post but normally at least seven years. c. A good command of one of the official WHO languages and good working knowledge of a second.

ii. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

1. Requirements for employment with PAHO: a. Fluency in English and Spanish b. University Degree c. Graduate or Post-graduate degree for more advanced positions d. Ability to work in a multicultural environment sharing values of “excellence, integrity and teamwork”

For more specifics, see: http://www.paho.org/english/am/hrm/re/hrm-geninfo.htm iii. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

1. Requirements to work with the FAO:

a. Relevant Work Experience b. Good Academic Qualifications-University degree relevant to the job c. Working knowledge of two of the following languages: English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese d. Computer software skills (e.g. MS Office) e. Show expertise/competence in previous jobs held for a number of years f. In Professional vacancies at:

http://www.fao.org/va/vac_en.htm

Below each vacancy listing, be sure to read the “Minimal Requirements” as the following well as the “Selection Criteria”.

80 b. Non-United Nations Organizations:

i. International Regional Organization for Plant and Animal Protection (OIRSA)

1. Requirements to work with OIRSA

a. Professional Expertise in the Topic of Concern b. Postgraduate Degree c. Knowledge of the Two Languages of the Region: Spanish and English d. Knowledge of Specified Software Usage e. Knowledge of the Region i. Legislation ii. Animal Health Structures iii. Idosyncrasies f. Ability to analyze information g. Ability to Draw up Reports h. Other Abilities Required in the Published Job Opening in the Newspaper

ii. Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA)

1. Requirements to volunteer with the CVA:

You must be nominated from the National Association of Commonwealth countries (countries supported by the Commonwealth Foundation, UK) to serve as a Member of the Excecutive Committee or as Councillor of your country.

These programs are created to aid underprivileged countries and no CVA Executive Members, including the President receive pay for their work.

1. Be willing to work without pay, as a volunteer 2. Live in one of 53 Commonwealth member countries supported by the Commonwealth Foundation in the UK 3. Be a member of the National Association of Commonwealth Countries 4. Be nominated by your country and elected as: a. Member of the Executive Committee b. Councillor of your Country

81 Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an International Technical Cooperation Organization

1. General Personal Qualities Necessary: a. Be multicultural b. Be multilingual

82 c. Recommended to have five years or so of experience (for P4 grade job) d. Good communication skills e. Work well in a team

2. Personal Qualities Necessary Listed by Organization:

a. United Nations Organizations

i. World Health Organization (WHO):

1. General qualities:  good communication skills  ability to work as part of a multicultural team  proven results  ability to set professional and ethical example;

2. Managerial skills:  ability to empower and motivate others  ability to ensure effective use of resources  ability to build and promote partnerships.

3. Leadership skills:  Vision and capacity to lead WHO to a successful future  Ability to promote innovative and organization- based learning  Ability to promote WHO's position in the global health arena.

Finally, it should be noted, that WHO does not permit smoking on its premises and that it does not consider applications from smokers.

For a description of desirable traits, click on: http://www.who.int/employment/competencies/en/

For an more in-depth description of desirable and undesirable traits, go to this pdf: http://www.who.int/employment/competencies/WHO_competencies_EN.pdf

ii. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

1. Good Communication Skills 2. Good Interpersonal Skills 3. Diplomacy 4. Tact

83 5. Ability to work well in a Team Environment

iii. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

1. Ability to work productively and maintain effective working relationships with people of different national and cultural backgrounds 2. Willing and fit to work and travel anywhere in the world

b. Non-United Nations Organizations

iii. International Regional Organization for Plant and Animal Protection (OIRSA)

1. Ability to Interact with People 2. Ability to utilize a systematic Approach 3. Be Responsible 4. Be Honest 5. Be Creative

Definition of International Standard Setting Organizations

An international organization mandated in 1995 under the World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) to “safeguard world trade by publishing” science-based “health

84 standards for international trade” in animals, food and plants. Three such organizations exist:

1. The World Health Organization for Animals (OIE) sets standards for animal health, 2. The Codex Alimentarius Commision (CAC) sets standards for food and 3. The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) sets standards for plant health.

Members of the WTO must accept the animal and plant health standards of these three organizations when deciding import, export, control, inspection and approval regulations.

---Proceedings of the Seminar ‘Challenges in Responding to New International and Societal Demands on the Veterinary Profession’ organized by the OIE in collaboration with WVA and FAO and held in Minneapolis, 17 July 2005 at the 28th World Veterinary Congress, published by the OIE, pages 8 and 11. www.oie.int

---The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS) http://www.ipfsaph.org/servlet/CDSServlet? status=ND1jdGh0dHB3d3dmYW9vcmdhb3NpcGZzYXBoaW5mb3JtYXRpb25zb3Vy Y2V3dG8uMjE5MzgmNj1lbiYzMz1mb3JtYWxfdGV4dCYzNz1pbmZv

---WTO’s site Environment related trade restrictions and other non-tariffs Trade Barriers (NTB), The relevant standard-setting organizations for the WTO SPS agreement: http://www.virtualcentre.org/es/trade/restriction_relevant.asp

International Standard Setting Organizations

85 The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) was created in 1924 by 28 countries plagued by disease of their livestock; these countries wished to join forces against such diseases by forming an international agreement. They agreed that countries suffering a disease outbreak would alert other member countries so as to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, they wished to get together to discuss the best ways to control the most threatening infections of animals. In today’s modern world, these countries also focus on animal diseases which can be spread to humans. The mission of the OIE as stated by president, Dr. Bernard Vallat, is “To improve the health and the welfare of animals all over the world regardless of the cultural practices or the economic situations in member countries”. Specifically, the objectives of the OIE are transparency in global animal diseases and zoonoses, to collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information, to provide international solidarity in animal disease control, to promote national veterinary services, to improve the safety of food derived from animals, “to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach” and to follow the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) mandate under the 1995 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS) to publish international trade health standards for animals and animal products.

http://oie_nt3/eng/en_index.htm

The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC): In 1963, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) created the Codex Alimentarius Commission “to develop food standards, guidelines and related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme”. Following the Programme, the CAC protects consumer health, ensures fair practices in the food trade and promotes coordination of “all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations”. In 1995 the CAC was selected by the World Trade Organization in its Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) to be one of the three International Standard Setting Organizations overseeing international trade and regulations between WTO member countries. The CAC specifically creates international standards for food.

Thehttp://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/index_en.jsp International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC): “is an international treaty to secure action to prevent the spread and introduction of pests of plants and plant products, and to promote appropriate measures for their control”. The IPPC “is governed by the Interim Commission on Phytosantitary Measures (ICPM) which adopts International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs). The ICPM established the IPP as the forum for national reporting and exchange of more general information among the phytosanitary community. The IPPC Secretariat coordinates the activities of the Convention and is hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)”. In 1995 the IPPC was selected by the World Trade Organization in its Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) to be one of the three International Standard Setting Organizations overseeing international86 trade and regulations between WTO member countries. The IPPC specifically creates international standards for plant health. https://www.ippc.int/IPP/En/default.jsp

Employment Opportunities Available within International Standard Setting Organizations

1. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE):

87 a. Employment for Veterinarians i. For current job vacancies for veterinarians, first visit the OIE website: http://oie_nt3/eng/en_index.htm

Then click on Jobs/Internships/Services in the left-most column. It is the second to the last link listed. Three choices will appear. Pick “Job Offers”. This takes you to current vacancies at:

http://www.oie.int/eng/Services/jobs/en_jobs.htm

1. As of January 17, 2006, an example of a veterinary job that can be found is:

Head of the International Trade Department of the OIE

Click on the job title to get more details.

Duties required of a “Head of the International Trade Department of the OIE” are:

 Organising and supporting meetings of two Specialist Commissions (Terrestrial Code Commission and Aquatic Animal Commission), two Working Groups (Working Group on Animal Welfare and Working Group on Animal Production Food Safety), relevant ad hoc groups as determined by the Director General, and workshops and conferences organised under the responsibility of the Department

 Managing the personnel and activities of the International Trade Department

 Preparing reports and ready-to-print publications for these meetings

 Implementing follow-up actions arising from the above

 Managing the necessary coordination with the work of other international and regional organisations and other OIE Departments

 Representing the OIE at meetings of relevant WTO Committees, especially the SPS Committee

 Representing the Director General at relevant international and regional conferences, meetings, workshops, etc.

 Advising the Director General on scientific and technical matters relating to the work of the Department

 Providing responses to Member Countries on scientific and technical matters relating to the work of the Department

88  Maintaining relationships with international organisations in the field of sanitary issues related to international trade

 Carrying out other duties as requested by the Director General and/or the Deputy Director General of the OIE.

In addition, the Director General may, where necessary, assign to the incumbent any other duties within his or her area of competence.

The pay for this full-time job is 5 000 euros/month + benefits.

Of course, this is just an example, be sure to click on the above link for more current vacancies.

ii. To work as an expert giving advice for the OIE:

a. The Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (Code Commission)

This Commission deals with trade standards for terrestrial animals and their products.

http://www.oie.int/tahsc/eng/en_tahsc.htm

b. The Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (Scientific Commission)

This Commission deals with strategies for disease prevention and control, and provides scientific advice to the other Commissions. It also decides the status of member countries are for certain diseases.

http://www.oie.int/scad/eng/en_scad.htm

c. The Biological Standards Commission (Laboratories Commission)

This Commission establishes or approves methods for diagnosing diseases of mammals, birds and bees for testing biological products, such as vaccines, used for control purposes.

89 http://www.oie.int/bsc/eng/en_bsc.htm

d. The Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (Aquatics Animals Commission)

This Commission concerns itself with trade standards for aquatic animals (fish, molluscs and crustaceans) and their products, and the diagnosis and control of the diseases of aquatic animals.

http://www.oie.int/aac/eng/en_fdc.htm

2. The Working Groups

a. Working Group on Wildlife Diseases

Founded in 1994, this Working Group informs and advises on the health problems of wild animals.

http://www.oie.int/wildlife/eng/en_wildlife.htm

b. Working Group on Animal Welfare

Founded in 2002, this Working Group coordinates the OIE’s activities in animal welfare.

http://www.oie.int/eng/bien_etre/en_introduction.htm

c. Working Group on Food Safety

Founded in 2002, this Working Group deals with reducing food-borne risks to human health due to hazards arising from animals.

http://www.oie.int/eng/secu_sanitaire/en_introduction.h tm

 Contact: o Your Regional OIE Delegate:

o Africa Regional Representative: Dr Amadou Samba Sidibe

OIE Regional Representation for Africa BP 2954 Bamako

90 MALI Tel. : (223) 224 15 83 Fax : (223) 224 05 78 Email : [email protected] o Americas

Regional Representative: Dr Luis O. Barcos

OIE Regional Representation for the Americas Cerviño 3101 2° 1425 Buenos Aires ARGENTINA Tel.: (54-11) 4803 4877 Fax: (54-11) 4803 3688 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.rr-americas.oie.int o Asia and Pacific

Regional Representative: Dr Teruhide Fujita

OIE Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific East 311, Shin Aoyama Bldg 1-1-1 Minamiaoyama, Minato-Ku Tokyo 107-0062 JAPAN Tel.: (81-3) 5411 0520 Fax: (81-3) 5411 0526 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.rr-asia.oie.int

o Europe

Regional Representative: Dr Nikola T. Belev

OIE Regional Representation for Eastern Europe Bld Wasil Lewski 110 1527 Sofia BULGARIA Tel.: (359-2) 944 1514 Fax: (359-2) 846 2910 Email: [email protected]

o Middle East

91 Regional Representative: Dr Ghazi Yehia

Regional Representation for the Middle East Ancienne Route de Saïda Kfarchima, Office de la soie B.P. 6220/268 Hazmieh Beyrouth LIBAN Tel.: (961-5) 430 741 Fax: (961-5) 430 742 Email: [email protected]

o The Official Delegate for the OIE from your country. See on the lower portion of this site:

http://www.oie.int/eng/oie/PM/en_PM.htm

o The Main Office of the OIE:

Head of Administrative and Financial Dept. OIE Headquarters 12 rue de Prony 75017 Paris, France Fax 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87 E-mail : [email protected]

______

2. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) :

a. Employment for Veterinarians :“While not officially part of the Codex Alimentarius Commission structure, the FAO/WHO Expert Consultations provide independent scientific expert advice to the Commission and its specialist Committees and Task Forces. FAO and WHO maintain separate websites highlighting this work”.

--- http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/consultations.jsp

NOTE : While the experts in these consultations are unpaid, travel, living and other related expenses are paid.

92 i. FAO/WHO conducts expert consultations on Biotechnology and Food Safety to gain scientific advice in order to review:

“existing strategies for the safety and nutritional assessment of foods derived from biotechnology” and “recommendations on further research needs and priorities for evaluation of safety and nutritional aspects of foods derived from biotechnology”

For further information see:

http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/food/risk_biotech_consultations_en.stm

While the biotechnology and food safety experts in these consultations are unpaid, travel, living and other related expenses are paid for a 3-4 day trip to Rome, Italy at the FAO headquarters where the consultations are held.

The qualifications are discussed later under the topic “Qualifications Required to Work in an International Standard Setting Organization”. Necessary personal qualities will also be listed under “Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an International Standard Setting Organization. If you are interested in working as a scientific expert, you should submit a Curriculum Vitae to either of the two addresses below. Included in your Curriculum Vitae should be:

a. A description of your education b. A description of your work experiences c. A list of peer-reviewed publications

To read about working as an expert on the webpage, go to: http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/food/risk_biotech_experts_en.stm

 Send the Curriculum Vitae to one of these addresses:

 Food Quality and Standards Service Attention: Dr. Ezzeddine Boutrif Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Telephone: + 39 06 5705 6060 Facsimile: + 39 06 5705 4593 Email:[email protected]

 Department of Food Safety Attention: Dr. Jorgen Schlundt

93 World Health Organization Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Telephone: (+41 22) 791 3445 Facsimile: (+41 22) 791 4807 E-mail: [email protected]

ii. Experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) review:

For food additives, contaminants and naturally occurring toxicants, the Committee

(i) elaborates principles for evaluating their safety; (ii) conducts toxicological evaluations and establishes acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) or tolerable intakes; (iii) prepares specifications of purity for food additives; and (iv) assesses intake.

For residues of veterinary drugs in food, the Committee

(i) elaborates principles for evaluating their safety; (ii) establishes ADIs and recommends maximum residue limits (MRLs); and (iii) determines criteria for the appropriate methods of analysis for detecting and/or quantifying residues in food.

This is a direct excerpt. For further information see:

http://www.who.int/ipcs/food/jecfa/en/jointcall.pdf

For the JEFCA website, see:

http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/jecfa/index_en.stm or go to the WHO’s version International Programme on Chemical Safety:

http://www.who.int/ipcs/en/

There are three sorts of experts: 1. Members 2. Drafting Experts 3. Resource Experts

While the experts in these consultations are unpaid, travel, living and other related expenses are paid.

The qualifications are discussed later under the topic “Qualifications Required to Work in an International Standard

94 Setting Organization”. Necessary personal qualities will also be listed under “Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an International Standard Setting Organization. If you are interested in working as a scientific expert, you should submit a Curriculum Vitae to either of the two addresses below. Included in your Curriculum Vitae should be:

 Contact:

 Dr M. Luetzow FAO Joint Secretary of JECFA email: [email protected] http://www.fao.org/es/esn/Jecfa

 Dr Angelika Tritscher WHO Joint Secretary of JECFA email: [email protected] http://www.who.int/pcs

iii. Experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Experts on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) review:

· Microbiological risk assessment (MRA). · Identification, selection, implementation and evaluation of risk management options at national and international level based on MRA. · Application of different approaches for articulating appropriate levels of protection, setting food safety objectives (FSO’s), performance objectives, performance criteria, microbiological criteria, etc. · Use of MRA in the development of codes of practices for the reduction of specific pathogen in specific commodities. · Use of MRA in the implementation of standards in the absence of FSO’s, e.g. design of “production-to-consumption food safety programs”; determining broad risk manager goals; etc. · Use of MRA in the evaluation of risk management options · Use of MRA to built in safety and to engineer out hazards in new products before marketing and definition of pathogen-pathway for specific products · Design of science based practical risk management strategies · Legal or regulatory implications of developing risk management interventions. · Risk communication.

This is a direct excerpt. For further information see:

http://www.who.int/foodsafety/micro/jemra/meetings/experts.pdf

95 For the website see: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/en/ (more general)

http://www.who.int/foodsafety/micro/jemra/meetings/2005/en/index .html (more specific)

The JEMRA experts will meet this April 3-7, 2006 in Kiel, Germany.

The qualifications are discussed later under the topic “Qualifications Required to Work in an International Standard Setting Organization”. Necessary personal qualities will also be listed under “Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an International Standard Setting Organization.

If you are interested in working as a scientific expert, you should submit a Curriculum Vitae to both of the two addresses below. Included in your Curriculum Vitae should be:

 Contacts:

o Food Quality and Standards Service Attention: JEMRA Food and Nutrition Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Telephone: + 39 06 5705 3614 Facsimile: + 39 06 5705 4593 Email: [email protected]

o Food Safety Department Attention: JEMRA / Jenny Murcott World Health Organization Avenue Appia 20 CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 791 3557 Facsimile: +41 22 791 4807

96 Email: [email protected]

iv. Experts consulting for the Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) review:  residue analysis  product standards setting and methods to analyze them  prevention of accumulation of obsolete stocks of pesticides and means to dispose them  exchange of information on national actions taken to control pesticides

For more information see the FAO website:

http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPP/Pesticid/

The WHO has a different name for this group and its website and call for data can be found at:

http://www.who.int/ipcs/food/en/

To read the pdf about JMPR/IPCS, go to:

http://www.who.int/ipcs/food/jmpr/jmpr_2006_call_final.pdf

The qualifications are discussed later under the topic “Qualifications Required to Work in an International Standard Setting Organization”. Necessary personal qualities will also be listed under “Personal Qualities Necessary to Work Effectively in an International Standard Setting Organization.

If you are interested in working as a scientific expert, you should submit a Curriculum Vitae to both of the two addresses below. Included in your Curriculum Vitae should be:

a. A description of your education b. A description of your work experiences c. A list of peer-reviewed publications  Contacts:  International Programme on Chemical Safety

Attention: Dr Angelika Tritscher World Health Organization Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland

97 Facsimile: (+41) (0)22 791 4848 Telephone: (+41) (0)22 791 3569 E-mail: [email protected]

It is also interesting to note that CAC/FAO has many workshops and seminars each year in many locations and quite a few of them are in English. In general, they cover:

 The SPS and TBT Agreements and their implications for international food trade  Improving participation in the work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission  Understanding risk analysis (risk assessment, risk management, risk communication)  Government support to industry food safety and quality programmes  Selected aspects of food control programmes  Harmonisation of food quality and safety standards and other food control measures  The quality and safety of street foods

If you are interested in attending a workshop/seminar, go to:

http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/food/meetings_workshops_en.stm

and click on the current year in the right-hand column. ______

Requirements to Work in International Standard Setting Organizations

3. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE):

a. A degree in Veterinary Science/Medicine b. Excellent knowledge of English and a working knowledge of French and/or Spanish. Knowledge of a third language would benefit more.

98 c. Junior Officer: 3-5 years of experience with at least one year of international experience d. Intermediate Officer: 7 years of experience with at least 3-5 years of international experience e. Senior Officer: 10-15 years of experience with at least 5 years at of international experience f. Computer skills

i. Specific Qualifications for Experts by Commission:

 Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission

 Veterinary Degree  Broad knowledge of major animal diseases  Experience and expertise in animal health aspect of international trade in animals/animal products  Understanding and practical experience of the relevant international trading rules

 The Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases

 Veterinary Degree  Post-graduate training in a field related to control of infectious animal diseases  A Curriculum Vitae and scientific publication record appropriate to an international specialist in a field or fields relevant to the control of infectious diseases of animals  Appropriate experience in animal disease control

 The Biological Standards Commission

 Should be a recognized specialist of infectious terrestrial animal disease diagnosis and/or prevention, especially in laboratory methods and operations  International Experience at Regional or Global Level in lab diagnosis and/or immunological prevention of infectious animal disease  Specially trained in laboratory terrestrial animal disease diagnosis

99 “ Specialist Commissions are composed of members elected” for a period of three years “by the International Committee from among internationally renowned experts in Member Countries. These Commissions report on their activities to the International Committee, to which they also submit recommendations for discussion and perhaps adoption.

The role of these ad hoc groups is to study specific problems relating to the epidemiology and control of certain diseases or groups of diseases. The relevant Commission decides to set up such ad hoc groups whenever necessary and for the period of time required to solve a specific problem.”

--- http://www.oie.int/aac/eng/commission/en_overview.htm

The International Committee is the highest power in the OIE, for more details see: http://www.oie.int/eng/oie/organisation/en_ci.htm

The International Committee is made up of one Official OIE Delegate from each Member Country. See here for a list of Member Countries and Official OIE Delegates: http://www.oie.int/eng/oie/PM/en_PM.htm

ii. Qualifications for Working Groups:  Veterinary or Postgraduate Relevant Degree  International or Regional Experience  Specialist expertise in Relevant Field  Recommendation of Regional OIE Delegate

The Director General of the OIE recommends to the International Committee that a Working Group should be formed and nominates the members for a renewable annual term.

For more information, see: http://www.oie.int/eng/oie/organisation/en_reglementGT.htm

4. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) :

a. FAO/WHO Experts take part in consultations to provide independent scientific expert advice to the Codex Alimentarius Commission and its specialist Committees and Task Forces. While the experts in these consultations are unpaid, travel, living and other related expenses are paid and the experience is invaluable.

100 i. General Qualifications for Experts:  Technical expertise and professional recognition in specified areas  Publications, presentations in the specified areas  Ability to participate in group discussions  Ability to draft clear and concise reports

See “Process for Selection of Experts” in the pdf:

http://www.who.int/foodsafety/micro/jemra/meetings/experts.pdf ii. Specific Qualifications for Experts by CAC consulting group:

1. Biotechnology and Food Safety Experts

 Advanced university degree in biotechnology, food science, toxicology, agriculture, epidemiology, biology or other related fields  Professional experience in the field of safety and nutritional assessment of foods derived from biotechnology  Scientific excellence evidenced by publications in peer- reviewed specialized journals  Experience in delivering scientific opinions at national and international level  Professional experience in a multidisciplinary and international environment

2. Joint FAO/WHO Experts on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA)

 Experience with Microbiological risk assessment (MRA)

o Identify, select, implement and evaluate MRAs at national and international levels o Using MRA to develop codes of practices o Using MRA to implement standards in the absence of FSO’s o Using MRA to evaluate risk management o Using MRA to build safety into and hazards out of new products prior to marketing o Legal/Regulatory implications of risk management strategies o Risk communication

101 Personal Qualities Necessary to Work in International Standard Setting Organizations

 Multicultural  Diversity of experience and scientific backgrounds  No conflicts of interest (especially if you serve as a CAC expert consultant)  Representation in workforce from different geographic areas

102  Representation in workforce from different economic groups  Good organizational skills  Communication skills  Ability to work well in groups  Ability to organize and support international meetings  Ability to be able to draft international regulatory standards and guidelines

World Veterinary Association (WVA) : has its roots in a general meeting about combating epizootic diseases that professor John Gamgee from the Veterinary College of Edinburgh held in Germany in 1863. Initially called the 1st International Veterinary Congress, it was later renamed The World Veterinary Congress. In Hungary in 1906 at the 8th World Veterinary Congress a Permanent Committee was created to link the two congresses. Finally in 1953 in Sweden at the 15th Congress, the veterinarians decided to form an international association: The World Veterinary Association (WVA). Its Internationalconstitution was Associations/Groups drafted by the Permanent Promoting Committee International and the VeterinaryWVA was finally Medicine founded as a “continuation of the Permanent Committee for the International Veterinary Congresses”. The WVA has appointed representatives at many global non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) called ‘custodians’. The WVA network is wide, including many NGOs and Governmental Organizations which have an impact on the veterinary profession on an international and worldwide scale. “A whole network of representatives, custodians and the functionaries is almost in place for the promotion of relations of the WVA in the WHO (World Health Organization), FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), WTO (World 103 Trade Organization), Codex Alimentarius, OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) and other organizations”. http://www.worldvet.org/ http://www.worldvet.org/Sections-index-req-viewarticle-artid-4-page-1.html http://www.worldvet.org/Sections-index-req-viewarticle-artid-5-page-1.html

The site offers a calendar of worldwide veterinary events: http://www.worldvet.org/PostCalendar-main.html

Many technical articles written by and commented on by veterinarians: http://www.worldvet.org/mod-StoryOrganizer-stories-catid-3-topic-7.html

Job opportunities can be posted on the site: http://www.worldvet.org/mod-StoryOrganizer-stories-catid-1-topic-5.html

And also there is a site offering veterinary links divided into: 1. Interesting Sites 2. Organizations 3. Journals http://www.worldvet.org/Web_Links.html International Veterinary Students Association (IVSA) : is a veterinary student ______organization created to help animals and people worldwide in order to “promote the international application of veterinary skills, education and knowledge”. It hopes to improve the standards of veterinary education by augmenting the exchange of “ideas and knowledge” internationally and between different cultures. The organization hopes to give veterinary students the chance to learn about out of the ordinary topics like “management, welfare and environmental issues, technical language training and specialisation unique to another country”. In order to fulfil these objectives the IVSA organizes student exchange programs, holds international congresses/ symposia, produces various publication, supports veterinary education especially in disadvantage countries, works with professional 104 veterinary health care organizations and represents the international professional interests of veterinary students. http://www.ivsa.org/

The above is an excerpt. To read the website from where the information was obtained and to learn more details about IVSA and how to join IVSA, go to: http://www.ivsa.org/about.asp

You may read about their many projects at this link: http://www.ivsa.org/projects.asp

Interesting events in incredible locations may be found here: http://www.ivsa.org/news.asp

If you are a registered member, you may log onto their site using username and password and click on Student Exchanges. IVSA offers: 5. Individual Exchanges 6. Group Exchanges 7. Worldmap of Local IVSA chapters 8. Student Exchange Experiences http://www.ivsa.org/exchangeexp.asp

 Contacts: o you may email a form inquiring about exchanges at:

http://www.ivsa.org/forms.asp

The current group exchange is said to be in Croatia. Become a member and learn more! o IVSA Info Office KVL, DSR Dyrlaegevej 9 DK-1870 Frederiksberg DENMARK Fax. +45 3528 2152 E-mail [email protected]

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