Devries, P.J. (1987) the Butterflies of Costa Rica and Their Natural History. Papilionidae

Appendix S1. Butterfly species distributed below 1,000 m elevation. “1988” and “2010” indicate abundance values recorded for each species in each survey period. “T” indicates an uphill or downhill trend (+ or –), respectively. “Change” indicates estimated mean elevational change (m) for butterflies in the study area using raw abundance data; all species that were recorded in both surveys were included. A habitat use designation (“Habitat”) was assigned to each species. Following the habitat description provided by DeVries (1987), and Scott (1986), butterfly species were classified ("HabCat") as occupying unmodified vegetation ("1", when no mention was made that butterflies occupy secondary or agricultural habitats), as occupying mainly unmodified vegetation ("2") but do make some use of modified habitats, but in most cases the latter are used very rarely by these species, and usually only when modified and unmodified habitats are adjacent, as occupying modified vegetation ("3", when mention was made that they occupy secondary, agricultural, or other human-modified habitats, although most of these species also might occupy unmodified habitats), or as occupying disturbed and open habitats ("4").

Family Species 1988 2010 T Change Habitat HabCat Papilionidae Battus ingenuus (Dyar, 1907) 4 0 Mature forest 1 Battus laodamas copanae (Reakirt, 1863) 1 43 + 522 Mature forest 2 Battus lycidas (Cramer, 1777) 1 0 Mature forest 1 Batus polydamas polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Heraclides anchisiades idaeus (Fabricius, 1793) 0 5 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Heraclides androgeus epidaurus (Godman & Salvin, 1890) 2 3 + 64 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Heraclides astyalus pallas (Gray, [1853]) 0 4 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Heraclides cresphontes (Cramer, 1777) 0 74 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Heraclides rogeri pharnaces (Doubleday, 1846) 1 1 - 681 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Heraclides thoas autocles Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 3 0 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Heraclides torquatus tolus (Godman & Salvin, 1890) 1 0 Tree fallow 2 Mimoides ilus branchus (Doubleday, 1846) 1 0 Tree fallow 4 Mimoides phaon phaon (Doubleday, 1846) 1 0 Mature forest 3 Papilio polyxenes asterius (Stoll, 1782) 1 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Parides erithalion polyzelus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) 2 6 - 205 Mature forest 2 Parides eurimedes mylotes (H.W. Bates, 1861) 12 6 - 158 Mature forest 2 Parides iphidamas iphidamas (Fabricius, 1793) 7 5 + 39 Tree fallow 3 Parides panares panares (Gray, [1853]) 12 5 - 413 Mature forest 2 Parides sesotris zestos (Gray, [1853]) 3 4 - 558 Mature forest 2 Protographium epidaus epidaus (Doubleday, 1846) 1 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Protographium philolaus philolaus (Boisduval, 1836) 0 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Pterourus menatius victorinus (Doubleday, 1844) 0 2 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Pieridae Abaeis nicippe (Cramer, 1779) 31 0 Tree fallow 3 Anteos clorinde (Godart, [1824]) 0 122 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Anteos maerula (Fabricius, 1775) 2 55 + 542 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Aphrisa statira statira (Cramer, 1777) 28 63 + 31 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Archonias brassolis aproximata (Butler, 1873) 1 2 + 195 Tree fallow 3 Ascia monuste monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) 4 68 + 8 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Catasticta flisa flisa (Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]) 122 0 Tree fallow 3 Dismorphia amphione isolda Llorente, 1984 16 7 + 138 Mature forest 1 Dismorphia teucharila fortunata (Lucas, 1854) 16 2 - 109 Mature forest 2 Enantia albania albania (H.W. Bates, 1864) 2 1 0 Mature forest 1 Enantia lina marion (Godman & Salvin, 1889) 3 0 Mature forest 1 Eurema albula celata (R. Felder, 1869) 55 80 + 245 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Eurema arbela boisduvaliana (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) 3 14 + 417 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Eurema daira eugenia (Wallengren, 1860) 25 33 + 34 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Eurema xantochlora xantochlora (Kollar, 1850) 31 0 + 498 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Ganyra josephina josepha (Salvin & Godman, 1868) 0 5 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Glutophrissa drusilla tenuis (Lamas, 1981) 3 13 + 311 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Hesperocharis costarricenses pasion (Reakirt, [1867]) 3 0 Tree fallow 3 Itaballia pandiosa kicaha (Reakirt, 1863) 1 0 Mature forest 1 Pereute charops charops (Boisduval, 1836) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Phoebis agarithe agarithe (Boisduval, 1836) 5 56 - 521 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Phoebis argante (Brown, 1929) 12 45 + 198 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Phoebis philea philea (Linnaeus, 1763) 22 91 + 125 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Phoebis sennae marcellina (Cramer, 1777) 28 143 - 162 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Pieribalia viardi (Boisduval, 1836) 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Pyrisitia dina westwoodi (Boisduval, 1836) 1 18 595 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Pyrisitia nise nelphe (R. Felder, 1869) 73 15 - 404 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Pyrisitia proterpia (Fabricius, 1775) 27 28 - 319 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Nymphalidae Actinote guatemalena veraecrucis Jordan, 1913 5 1 - 747 Tree fallow 3 Adelpha basiloides (H.W. Bates, 1865) 2 1 - 205 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Adelpha cytherea marcia Fruhstorfer, 1913 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Adelpha felderi (Boisduval, 1870) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Adelpha lycorias melanthe (H.W. Bates, 1864) 0 3 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Adelpha paraena massilia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) 0 1 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Adelpha phylaca phylaca (H. Bates, 1866) 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Adelpha salmoneus salmonides A. Hall, 1938 6 2 + 134 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Adelpha serpa celerio (H.W. Bates, 1864) 0 12 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Agraulis vanillae incarnata (Riley, 1926) 6 26 - 376 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Agrias amydon oaxacata Kruck, 1931 1 0 Mature forest 1 Anaea aidea (Guérin-Méneville, [1844]) 1 0 Tree fallow 2 Anartia amathea fatima (Fabricius, 1793) 44 125 - 434 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Anartia jatrophae luteipicta Fruhstorfer, 1907 23 90 - 280 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Archaeoprepona demophon centralis( Fruhstorfer, 1905) 4 0 Mature forest 2 Archaeoprepona demophoon gulina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) 7 0 Mature forest 2 Asterocampa idyja argus (H. Bates, 1864) 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Biblis hyperia aganisa Boisduval, 1836 37 56 + 137 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Caligo oileus (Boisduval, 1870) 8 0 Mature forest 2 Caligo telamonius memnon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) 15 11 + 229 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Caligo uranus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 0 10 Mature forest 2 Callicore astarte casta (Salvin, 1869) 8 17 + 126 Tree fallow 3 Callicore lyca lyca (Doubleday, [1847]) 3 3 - 47 Mature forest 2 Castilia eranites (Hewitson, 1857) 20 26 + 47 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Castilia griseobasalis (Röber, 1913) 0 5 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Castilia myia (Hewitson, [1864]) 33 6 + 229 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Catonephele mexicana Jenkins & R.G. Maza, 1985 73 25 + 241 Tree fallow 3 Catonephele numillia esite (R. Felder, 1869) 34 15 - 7 Mature forest 1 Cepheuptychia glaucina (H. Bates, 1864) 12 0 Tree fallow 3 Chloreuptychia sericeella (H. Bates, 1864) 73 0 Tree fallow 3 Chlosyne erodyle (H. Bates, 1864) 2 0 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Chlosyne gaudialis gaudialis (H. Bates, 1864) 1 0 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Chlosyne hippodrome hippodrome (Geyer, 1837) 0 15 0 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Chlosyne janais janais (Drury, 1782) 29 7 - 63 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Chlosyne lacinia lacinia (Geyer, 1837) 37 310 - 488 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Chlosyne theona theona Ménétriés, 1855) 10 0 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Cissia labe (Butler, 1870) 96 0 Tree fallow 3 Cissia pompilia (C.Felder & R. Felder, 1867) 159 16 Tree fallow 3 Cissia terrestris (Butler, 1867) 8 135 + 152 Tree fallow 3 Colobura dirce dirce (Linnaeus, 1758) 18 0 + 95 Tree fallow 3 Consul electra electra (Westwood, 1850) 14 2 + 123 Mature forest 2 Consul fabius cecrops (Doubleday, [1849]) 18 12 + 159 Mature forest 2 Cyllopsis hedemanni hedemanni R. Felder, 1869 5 0 + 1519 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Danaus eresimus montezuma Talbot, 1943 1 4 - 682 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Danaus gilippus thersippus (H.W. Bates, 1863) 2 7 - 735 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Danaus plexippus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758) 4 6 - 542 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Diaethria anna anna (Guérin-Ménéville, [1844]) 281 0 + 116 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Dione juno huascuma (Reakirt, 1866) 22 16 - 220 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Dircenna klugii (Geyer, 1837) 51 0 + 669 Mature forest 2 Doxocopa pavon theodora (Lucas, 1857) 1 0 Mature forest 2 Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 0 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Dryas iulia moderata (Riley, 1926) 24 116 - 3 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Dynamine artemisia (Fabricius,1793) 0 9 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Dynamine postverta mexicana d´Almeida, 1952 45 49 + 137 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Eresia clio clio (Linnaeus, 1758) 23 1 - 108 Tree fallow 3 Eresia phillyra phillyra Hewitson, 1852 75 15 + 2 Tree fallow 3 Eryphanis aesacus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) 1 0 Mature forest 1 Eueides aliphera gracilis Stichel, 1903 18 16 - 248 Tree fallow 3 Eueides isabella eva (Fabricius, 1793) 13 22 + 109 Tree fallow 3 Eueides lineata Salvin & Godman, 1868 6 0 + 279 Tree fallow 3 Eunica monima (Stoll, 1782) 0 4 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Euptoieta hegesia meridiania Stichel, 1938 9 12 - 32 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Euptychia westwoodi Butler, 1867 0 12 Tree fallow 3 Fountainea eurypyle confuse (A. Hall, 1929) 82 11 + 195 Mature forest 2 Fountaynea glycerium glycerium (E. Doubleday, [1849]) 42 0 Mature forest 2 Fountaynea halice martinezi (J. De la Maza & Díaz, 1978) 1 0 Mature forest 2 Godyris nero nero (Hewitson, [1855]) 0 2 Mature forest 2 Greta morgane oto (Hewitson, [1855]) 11 3 + 321 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas amphinome mexicana (Lucas, 1853) 9 40 + 102 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas februa ferentina (Godart, [1824]) 12 15 + 420 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas feronia farinulenta (Fruhstorfer, 1916) 83 34 - 19 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas glauconome glauconome (H.W. Bates, 1864) 0 21 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas guatemalena guatemalena (H.W. Bates, 1864) 21 0 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas iphtime joannae Jenkins, 1983 59 2 - 240 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas laodamia saurites (Fruhstorfer, 1916) 1 14 + 362 Tree fallow 3 Heliconius charithonia vazquezae W.P. Comstock & F.M. Brown, 1950 13 196 - 147 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Heliconius erato petiverana Doubleday, 1847 4 21 - 151 Tree fallow 3 Heliconius hecalesia octavia H.W. Bates, 1866 4 0 Tree fallow 3 Heliconius hortense Guérin-Méneville, [1844] 65 0 + 639 Tree fallow 3 Heliconius ismenius telchinia Doubleday, 1847 63 28 + 79 Tree fallow 3 Hermeuptychia hermes (Fabricius, 1775) 470 70 + 111 Tree fallow 3 Historis acheronta acheronta (Fabricius, 1775) 1 1 - 683 Mature forest 2 Historis odius dious Lamas, 1995 16 3 - 490 Mature forest 2 Hypoleria lavinia cassotis (H. Bates, 1864) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Hypothyris lycaste dionaea (Hewitson, 1854) 4 0 + 119 Mature forest 2 Ithomia patilla Hewitson, 1852 75 8 + 591 Tree fallow 3 Junonia coenia coenia Hüber, [1822] 4 0 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Junonia evarete nigrosuffusa Barnes & McDunnough, 1916 0 3 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Laparus doris viridis (Staudinger, 1885) 39 14 + 295 Tree fallow 3 Libytheana carinenta mexicana Michener, 1943 10 5 + 111 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Lycorea halia atergatis Doubleday, [1847] 8 1 - 462 Mature forest 2 Magneuptychia libye (Linnaeus, 1767) 24 9 + 209 Tree fallow 3 Marpesia chiron marius (Cramer, 1779) 17 43 - 340 Tree fallow 3 Marpesia harmonia (Klug, 1836) 11 20 + 227 Tree fallow 3 Marpesia petreus (Cramer, 1776) 1 10 - 329 Tree fallow 3 Mechanitis polymnia lycidice H.W. Bates, 1864 49 9 + 177 Tree fallow 3 Melete lycimnia isandra (Boisduval, 1836) 6 0 Tree fallow 3 Melinaea lilis flavicans C. Hoffmann, 1924 3 0 Tree fallow 3 Memphis moruus boisduvali (W.P. Comstock, 1961) 5 0 Mature forest 2 Memphis philumena xenica (H. Bates, 1864) 13 0 Mature forest 2 Memphis pithyusa pithyusa (R. Felder, 1869) 2 1 + 490 Tree fallow 2 Mestra dorcas amymone (Ménétriés, 1857) 7 2 + 686 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Morpho helenor montezuma Guenée, 1859 20 121 + 130 Tree fallow 3 Morpho theseus oaxacensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962 0 22 Mature forest 2 Myscelia cyaniris cyaniris Doubleday, [1848] 1 0 + 1176 Tree fallow 3 Myscelia ethusa ethusa (Doyère, [1840]) 3 0 Tree fallow 3 Napeogenes tolosa tolosa (Hewitson, 1855) 8 0 Tree fallow 3 Nica flavilla bachiana (R.G. Maza & J. Maza, 1985) 13 0 Tree fallow 3 Oleria victorine paula (Weymer, 1883) 40 0 + 370 Tree fallow 3 Olyras theon H. Bates, 1866 2 0 Mature forest 1 Opsiphanes boisduvallii Doubleday, [1849] 5 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Opsiphanes cassiae mexicana Bristol, 1991 4 0 Mature forest 2 Opsiphanes cassina fabricii (Boisduval, 1870) 4 16 + 296 Tree fallow 3 Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 1 3 0 Tree fallow 3 Pareuptychia metaleuca metaleuca (Boisduval, 1870) 33 31 + 60 Tree fallow 3 Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (Fabricius, 1776) 184 113 + 89 Tree fallow 3 Philaethria diatonica (Fruhstorfer, 1912) 3 28 - 189 Tree fallow 3 Phyciodes graphica vesta (W.H. Edwards, 1869) 1 0 + 2015 Tree fallow 3 Pierella luna rubecula Salvin & Godman, 1868 22 9 - 198 Tree fallow 3 Prepona laertes octavia Fruhstorfer, 1905 6 11 - 27 Mature forest 2 Pteronymia artena artena (Hewitson, [1855]) 1 0 Mature forest 2 Pteronymia cotytto (Guérin-Méneville, [1844]) 14 0 Mature forest 2 Pyrrhogyra edocla edocla Doubleday, [1848] 2 2 0 Tree fallow 3 Pyrrhogyra otolais otolais H.W. Bates, 1864 3 2 294 Tree fallow 3 Siderone galanthis (Cramer, 1775) 0 1 Tree fallow 3 Siproeta epaphus epaphus (Latreille, [1813]) 6 19 - 10 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Siproeta stelenes biplagiata (Fruhstorfer, 19701) 5 0 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Smirna karwinskii Geyer, [1833] 16 0 Tree fallow 3 Taygetis mermeria griseomarginata L. Miller, 1978 3 0 Tree fallow 3 Taygetis uncinata Weymer, 1907 4 0 Tree fallow 3 Taygetis virgilia (Cramer, 1776) 1 0 + 1057 Tree fallow 3 Tegosa anieta luka Higgins, 1981 81 2 + 74 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Tegosa guatemalena (H.W. Bates, 1864) 0 331 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Themenis laothoe (Cramer, 1777) 4 0 Tree fallow 3 Tithorea harmonia hippothous Godman & Salvin, 1879 7 0 Mature forest 2 Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 0 + 1910 Tree fallow 3 Yphthimoides renata (Stoll, 1780) 145 0 Tree fallow 3 Zaretis ellops (Ménétriés, 1855) 3 8 + 502 Mature forest 2 Appendix S2. Butterfly species distributed above 1,000 m elevation. “1988” and “2010” indicate abundance values recorded for each species in each survey period. “T” indicates an uphill or downhill trend (+ or –), respectively. “Change” indicates estimated mean elevational change (m) for butterflies in the study area using raw abundance data; all species that were recorded in both surveys were included. A habitat use designation (“Habitat”) was assigned to each species. Following the habitat description provided by DeVries (1987), and Scott (1986), butterfly species were classified ("HabCat") as occupying unmodified vegetation ("1", when no mention was made that butterflies occupy secondary or agricultural habitats), as occupying mainly unmodified vegetation ("2") but do make some use of modified habitats, but in most cases the latter are used very rarely by these species, and usually only when modified and unmodified habitats are adjacent, as occupying modified vegetation ("3", when mention was made that they occupy secondary, agricultural, or other human-modified habitats, although most of these species also might occupy unmodified habitats), or as occupying disturbed and open habitats ("4").

Family Species 1988 2010 T Change Habitat HabCat Eurytides calliste calliste (H. Bates, 1864) 1 11 0 Mature forest 1 Pterourus esperanza Beutelspacher, 1975 2 11 + 31 Mature forest 1 Papilionidae Pterourus garamas garamas (Geyer, [1829] 26 69 - 69 Tree fallow 3 Pterourus pilumnus Boisduval, 1836 0 3 Tree fallow 3 Pieridae Catasticta flisa flisa (Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]) 0 62 + 299 Tree fallow 3 Catasticta nimbice nimbice (Boisduval, 1836) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Catasticta teutila flavifasciata Beutelspacher, 1986 21 12 + 520 Tree fallow 3 Dismorphia eunoe eunoe (Doubleday, 1844) 2 0 Mature forest 1 Enantia jethys (Boisduval, 1836) 19 5 + 276 Mature forest 2 Eurema mexicana mexicana (Boisduval, 1836) 7 69 + 209 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Eurema salome jamapa (Reakirt, 1866) 56 91 - 165 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Eurema xantochlora xantochlora (Kollar, 1850) 0 18 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Hesperocharis graphites avivolans (Butler, 1865) 5 30 - 223 Tree fallow 3 Leptophobia aripa elodia (Boisduval, 1836) 50 95 + 165 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Lieinix nemesis atthis (Doubleday, 1842) 13 7 + 536 Mature forest 2 Nathalis iole Boisduval, 1836 8 108 + 270 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Phoebis neocypris virgo (Butler, 1870) 11 12 + 34 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Zerene cesonia cesonia (Stoll, 1790) 8 6 + 224 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Nymphalidae Adelpha donysa donysa (Hewitson, 1847) 11 5 - 316 Tree fallow 3 Adelpha iphiclus iphiclus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Adelpha leuceria leuceria (H. Druce, 1874) 47 0 Mature forest 3 Adelpha leucerioides Beutelspacher, 1975 0 40 Tree fallow 3 Altinote ozomene nox (H.W. Bates, 1864) 63 5 + 84 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Anetia thirza thirza Geyer, [1833] 6 14 + 490 Mature forest 2 Archeoprepona phaedra (Goldman & Salvin, 1884) 11 0 Mature forest 2 Castilia chinantlensis (R. F. De la Maza, 1978) 4 0 Mature forest 1 Cissia pseudoconfusa Singer, DeVries & Ehrlich, 1983 0 2 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Colobura dirce dirce (Linnaeus, 1758) 0 4 Tree fallow 3 Cyllopsis hedemanni hedemanni R. Felder, 1869 0 1 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Cyllopsis suivalenoides L.D. Miller, 1974 0 8 Tree fallow 3 Cyllopsis suivalens escalantei L.D. Miller, 1974 63 147 - 238 Tree fallow 3 Diaethria anna anna (Guérin-Ménéville, [1844]) 0 209 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Diaetria pandama (Doubleday, [1848]) 13 0 Tree fallow 3 Dione moneta poeyii Butler, 1873 28 94 + 88 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Dircenna jemina (Geyer, 1837) 21 0 Mature forest 2 Dircenna klugii (Geyer, 1837) 0 4 Tree fallow 3 Doxocopa laurentia cherubina (C.Felder & R. Felder, 1867) 4 0 Mature forest 2 Epiphile adrasta adrasta Hewitson, 1861 1 6 - 12 Tree fallow 3 Epiphile hermosa J. De la Maza & Díaz, 1978 4 0 Mature forest 1 Epiphile iblis plutonia H.W. Bates, 1864 5 3 + 507 Tree fallow 3 Episcada salvinia salvinia (H.W. Bates, 1864) 11 16 + 71 Mature forest 2 Eueides lineata Salvin & Godman, 1868 0 82 Tree fallow 3 Greta annette annette (Guérin-Méneville, [1844]) 21 4 + 402 Mature forest 2 Gyrocheilus patrobas patrobas (Hewitson, 1862) 1 0 Mature forest 2 Hamadryas fornax fornacalia (Fruhstorfer, 1907) 15 0 Tree fallow 3 Hamadryas guatemalena guatemalena (H.W. Bates, 1864) 0 3 Tree fallow 3 Heliconius hortense Guérin-Méneville, [1844] 0 47 Tree fallow 3 Hypanartia dione disjuncta Willmott, J. Hall y Lamas, 2001 2 24 + 228 Tree fallow 3 Hypanartia godmanii (H.W. Bates, 1864) 21 6 + 123 Mature forest 2 Hypanartia lethe (Fabricius, 1793) 27 5 + 119 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Hypanartia trimaculata autumna Willmott, J. Hall & Lamas, 2001 9 13 - 502 Tree fallow 3 Hypothyris lycaste dionaea (Hewitson, 1854) 0 2 Mature forest 2 Ithomia leila Hewitson, 1852 36 30 - 66 Tree fallow 3 Marpesia corita corita (Westwood, 1850) 13 89 + 257 Mature forest 2 Marpesia zerynthia dentigera (Fruhstorfer, 1907) 0 1 Tree fallow 3 Memphis proserpina proserpina (Salvin, 1869) 11 2 + 159 Mature forest 2 Morpho polyphemus luna Butler, 1869 1 48 - 386 Tree fallow 3 Morpho theseus oaxacensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962 5 0 - 408 Mature forest 2 Myscelia cyaniris cyaniris Doubleday, [1848] 0 1 Tree fallow 3 Nymphalis antiopa antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) 8 10 - 6 Mature forest 2 Oleria victorine paula (Weymer, 1883) 0 9 Mature forest 2 Oleria zea zea (Hewitson, [1855]) 1 3 + 294 Mature forest 2 Oxeoschistus tauropolis tauropolis (Westwood, [1850]) 104 99 + 72 Tree fallow 3 Paramacera chinanteca L.D. Miller, 1972 12 2 0 Mature forest 2 Paramacera xicaque xicaque (Reakirt, [1867]) 64 0 Mature forest 1 Pedaliodes circumducta Thieme, 1905 122 121 - 86 Tree fallow 3 Phyciodes graphica vesta (W.H. Edwards, 1869) 0 16 Tree fallow 3 Polygonia g-argenteum (Doubleday, 1848) 0 7 Tree fallow 3 Pteronymia simplex fenochioi Lamas, 1978 0 1 Tree fallow 3 Satyrotaygetis satyrina (H. Bates, 1865) 6 0 Tree fallow 3 Siderone syntyche syntyche Hewitson, [1854] 2 0 Mature forest 2 Smyrna blomfildia datis Fruhstorfer, 1908 74 70 + 79 Disturbed and open habitats 4 Taygetis virgilia (Cramer, 1776) 0 4 Tree fallow 3 Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer, 1909) 1 0 Tree fallow 3 Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) 0 4 Tree fallow 3 Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) 1 66 + 841 Disturbed and open habitats 3 Zaretis callidryas (R. Felder, 1869) 1 0 Mature forest 2

REFERENCES

DeVries, P.J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Vol. I, Princeton

University Press, New Jersey.

Scott, J. (1986) The Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide. Stanford University Press, California.