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ANALYSIS of THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR MODULE on TWO WHEELER SILENCER B.Nagaraju*, G

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ANALYSIS of THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR MODULE on TWO WHEELER SILENCER B.Nagaraju*, G JAC : A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 ANALYSIS OF THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR MODULE ON TWO WHEELER SILENCER B.Nagaraju*, G. V. N. S. Srinadh, G. Jyothi, D. Tarun Kumar, B. Udaya Naveen, R. Raj Melonchton *Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ANITS, Sangivalasa-531162, A.P., India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Nowadays, the increase in environmental emission issues, particularly global warming and the upcoming scarcity of energy resources has insisted on broad research into various technologies of generating electrical power. Thermoelectric power generators have emerged as a promising alternative green technology due to their distinct advantages. Thermoelectric power generation offers a potential application in the direct conversion of waste-heat energy into electrical power. The thermoelectric generators recover useful energy by the function of thermoelectric modules which can convert waste heat energy into electricity. By using thermoelectric generators it is possible to develop a significant amount of petite electrical energy in burning and heating systems – mainly like industrial heating devices and automotive exhaust. Potential placements for generators are on furnace walls, on flue way walls, on flue pipe walls after furnace and on exhaust pipeline of automobiles. The application of this alternative green technology in converting waste-heat energy directly into electrical power can also improve the overall efficiencies of energy conversion systems. In this paper, a background on the basic concepts of thermoelectric power generation is portrayed along with an analysis of a working model of thermoelectric generator module applied at automobile silencer is presented. Keywords- Thermoelectric generators, Seeback effect, direct energy conversion, thermocouple, thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric module, thermal fin, waste-heat recovery. 1. Introduction In the present scenario, we are depending upon fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, etc.) for maximum electricity generation. However, the reserves of fossil fuels will be depleted soon if their extraction rate goes on like now. Thus the green energies are more attractive substitutes to electricity generation, as it will also provide pollution-free and cost less generation. In this innovative project, we are using a device that converts heat energy to electrical energy called a Thermoelectric Generator. As we know Renewable energies are, solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, tidal energy, etc. The above energies can produce electricity in different forms using different methods. But each one of them has its own disadvantages. This thermoelectric generator is suitable for powering space research, satellites and even unmanned facilities. Volume XIII, Issue III, MARCH 2020 Page No:1592 JAC : A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 For example, thermoelectric devices can be used in vehicles to produce electricity using the waste heat of the engine also. TEG is used to convert thermal energy (heat) into electricity based on the “Seebeck effect” directly. Here, there is charge movement in the medium. 1.1. History of TEG In 1821-3 Thomas Johann Seebeck found that a circuit made from two dissimilar metals, with junctions at different temperatures would deflect a compass magnet. Seebeck initially believed this was due to magnetism induced by the temperature difference and thought it might be related to the Earth's magnetic field. However, it was quickly realized that a "Thermoelectric Force" induced an electrical current, which by Ampere's law deflects the magnet. More specifically, the temperature difference produces an electric potential (voltage) which can drive an electric current in a closed circuit. Today, this is known as the Seebeck effect. V = S (Th - Tc) The voltage produced is proportional to the temperature difference between the two junctions. The proportionality constant (S) is known as the Seebeck coefficient and often referred to as "thermo power" even though it is more related to potential than power. Problem Definition After studying different papers on thermoelectric generators, we have chosen our project motto on the application of the thermoelectric generator on silencer of two-wheelers under normal feasible working conditions. In this project, we are using different types of electric conductor metal combinations and thermoelectric generator subjected to different temperature differences on the two-wheeler silencer. From the experiments, observations are noted and optimum design condition for maximum power generation is found out. 2. Experimental Analysis Equipment used- Aluminium wire, Copper wire, Iron wire, Graphite lead, Thermoelectric generator Temperature gun, Multi-meter, Heat source, Heat sink, Blower, etc. Experimental setup and working Initially, two metals are taken with different combinations like Aluminium-Copper, Aluminium-Graphite, Copper-Graphite, etc., and two junctions (hot side junction and cold side junction) are formed as shown in the figure below. Volume XIII, Issue III, MARCH 2020 Page No:1593 JAC : A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 The hot junction is connected to the heat source (100-2000C) and the cold junction (300C) is connected to the multi-meter to measure the voltage and current generated. Now a temperature difference is created between the two junctions. Due to the Seeback effect, there is an E.M.F generated across the circuit and its magnitude can be measured from the multi-meter. During our experiments, we got very small voltages (5mV - 40mV) from the combinations. Then we used the TEG module (TEC1-1206) and the same conditions are created. This gave us a better conversion performance and generated up to 1W without blower and heat sink on the cold side. Finally, we have assembled the heat sink and blower to the cold side of the TEG module and started heat supply through the candle. Using temperature gun we measured temperature. Temperature conditions on the hot and cold side are maintained from 1000C to 2000C (hot side) and 300C to 700C (cold side). With a temperature difference of 1300C we were able to extract 3.5V from the device under real conditions. Figure 1: Final Setup 3. Results And Discussions Readings are noted with respect to change in temperature. Thereby we obtained a better power generation from the TEG module, where the voltage raised to about 3.5V and power up to 1.8W is generated from that single TEG module. TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE Voltage on HOT SIDE on COLD SIDE Generated (0C) (0C) (V) 60 26 0.657 80 31.32 0.862 Volume XIII, Issue III, MARCH 2020 Page No:1594 JAC : A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 100 38.7 1.236 120 43 1.659 4 140 49.4 2.45 3.5 160 53 2.75 ) 3 180 60.36 3.023 V ( 2 .5 e 200 69.87 3.562 g 2 a t 1l .5 o V 1 0.5 0 o Temperature Difference ( C) Using single TEG module, we generated 3.5V on an average. By using combination of TEG modules connected in series or parallel, we can draw significant amount of power to assist the vehicle, namely in lighting system, horn, emergency mobile charging unit etc. Figure 2: Application of TEG for mobile charging By connecting in series we can obtain high voltage, whereas when connected in parallel a high current can be drawn out from the unit. 4. CONCLUSIONS Though this system cannot generate enough power for heavy uses as produced by conventional thermal energy plants, using this system we can reduce the effort spent by conventional sources in some of the vehicle systems. Also, our project was done under real working conditions during Winter season. Volume XIII, Issue III, MARCH 2020 Page No:1595 JAC : A JOURNAL OF COMPOSITION THEORY ISSN : 0731-6755 During those conditions we were able to generate up to 3.5V per cell. This could vary (may increase or decrease on average) based upon the working conditions of the vehicle. Scope of Future Work By using proper heat sink material help to increase the output voltage. Using long proper heat sink material is to avoid the heat in between the gap of fins. By addition of the more TEG in SERIES is to increase the voltage REFERENCES [1] Th. J. Seebeck "MagnetischePolarisation der Metalle und ErzeDurch Temperatur- Differenz"1822-23 in Ostwald's Klassiker der ExaktenWissenshaftenNr.70(1895). SeebeckBiography. [2] G.S. Nolas, J. Sharp, and H. J. Goldsmid, Thermoelectrics: Basic Principles and New Materials Developments, Springer, Berlin (2001). [3] Smart power generation from waste heat by thermoelectric generator. Industrial Automation Engineering and Electrical engineering Department, BCET, INDIA Bangalore College of Engineering and Technology- Prashantha.K, Sonam Wango. BCET, INDIA Bangalore College of Engineering and Technology [4] Characterization of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Waste Heat Recovery - Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior *, Nelson H. Calderon and Samara Silva de Souza. Department of Renewable Energies, UNILA, Federal University of Latin American Integration, [5] Research on a Novel Thermoelectric Generator Module Made of Bismuth Telluride - Zheng Zhang and Yushan Chen. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, , China [6] Thermoelectric generators as alternative energy source in heating systems. - Martins Ozollapins, AivarsKakitis. Latvia University of Agriculture [7] A dynamic model for thermoelectric generator applied to vehicle waste heat recovery - SongLan, ZhijiaYang, RuiChen, RichardStobart. Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK [8] Thermoelectric automotive waste heat energy recovery using maximum power point tracking - ChuangYu, K.T.Chau. Dept of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. [9] Design and Fabrication of Silencer Waste Heat Power Generation System Using Thermo- Electric Generator - M G Jadhav and J S Sidhu. Professor and Head, Dept Of Mechanical Engineering, MGM’s COE, Nanded, Maharashtra, India. Volume XIII, Issue III, MARCH 2020 Page No:1596 .
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