Christian Eguaras

Mr. Haskell Per. 4

World History

5/19/06

Chapter 32-33 Outline

CH. 32

I. The Great Liberation

A. Resistance to colonial rule didn’t begin in the 1940’s; it had been going on before.

B. Gandhi was one of many nationalist leaders fighting for independence.

C. The “great liberation” affected more than 100 countries.

II. The Cold War Goes Global

A. Nonaligned is the term for countries not allied to either side in the Cold War.

B. The Soviet Union and the United States were competing for influence in other

countries.

C. In 1991, the Cold War ended suddenly when the Soviet Union collapsed.

III. New Nations Seek Stability

A. Many of the countries that had taken part in the Cold War had high hopes for their

future.

B. However, many of these same countries also faced numerous problems.

C. Experiments in democracy led to uncertain results.

IV. The Shrinking Globe

A. Interdependence is the dependence on goods, resources, and knowledge from

other parts of the world. B. Since 1945, the world became increasingly interdependent and continues to be

more so all the time.

C. Global trade importance was recognized by GATT, or General Agreement on

Tariffs and Trade.

V. Enduring Issues

A. Nuclear weapons and the paranoia of nuclear proliferation spread.

B. Terrorism is the deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians, to

exact revenge or achieves political goals.

C. Terrorism activity has had a definite rise since 1960.

VI. The Global North and South: Two Worlds of Development

A. The global North includes the industrial nations of Western Europe and North

America, along with Japan and Australia.

B. The global South is a place lacking education, life expectancy, and infant

mortality.

C. The global South is another term for the developing world, like places in Asia,

Africa, and Latin America.

VII. Economic Interdependence

A. Multinational corporations are huge enterprises with branches in many countries.

B. New technology in mining, agriculture, transportation, and other areas are all

results of these.

C. Privatization is when one sells off state-owned industries to private investors.

VIII. Obstacles to Development A. Geography was an obstacle to development in places such as Africa, Asia, and

Latin America.

B. Population booms and poverty were two other obstacles to be overcome.

C. Economic policies and dependence, as well as political instability proved

problematic as well.

IX. Economic Development and the Environment

A. Acid rain was produced by power plants and factories.

B. Acid rain is a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to

Earth through rain, snow, or hail.

C. Industrial accidents caused major problems, such as deaths and deadly radiation.

X. The Village: Continuity and Change

A. Large portions of the world are still villagers, making up over half of the world’s

population.

B. Village ways have continued in the same pattern for centuries, but advancements

have left their mark.

C. Healers, matchmakers, teachers, children, old people, and market women continue

to life rural life.

XI. Old Ways and New

A. For the western world, industrialization and urbanization began more than 200

years ago.

B. Since 1945, the world has gone through other, similar circumstances.

C. Many traditions remain strong as a result of religion and westernization.

XII. New Rights and Roles for Women A. After 1945, women’s movements brought change to the world, both in the

western and developed areas.

B. The UN Charter included commitments to work for equal rights for both men and

women.

C. Women gained more rights and began to gain better and higher level jobs.

XIII. Science and Technology

A. Computers were an extremely important development after the 1940’s.

B. The space age began around this time as well, as Russia and the United States

raced to the moon.

C. Surgery advanced as well as treating some cancers and curing some disease

through transplants.

XIV. A New International Culture

A. Radio changed the world, giving people access to information almost instantly.

B. Television, satellites, fax machines, and computers changed the world of

communication.

C. Ancient cultures became important as well, as people worked to preserve them.

XV. Looking Ahead

A. The new millennium started after this book was written, which isn’t saying a lot

about its more recent information.

B. Global interdependence has become a fact of life that is inescapable.

C. Contrary forces are another inescapable fact of life that people have to life with.

CH. 33

I. The Cold War in Europe

A. The Western democracies in the Cold War formed NATO, led by the United

States.

B. In 1961, the Berlin Wall was constructed to separate East and West Berlin.

C. Détente is a relaxation of tensions, or the period in the 1970’s that took place.

II. Recovery and Growth in Western Europe

A. Leftist parties strongly wanted to extend the welfare state as their major goal.

B. Welfare state is the condition under which the government keeps many capitalist

qualities but takes more responsibility for social and economic needs of its

people.

C. Public schools, regulated mine safety, unemployment insurance and old-age

pensions are all results of this.

III. Toward European Unity

A. For 200 years, western factories had exported basic goods to the world.

B. In the 1980’s, the trend changed with Japan, China and India becoming major

exporters.

C. Service industry is one that provides a service rather than products, such as

education and recreation.

IV. Social Trends

A. People from former colonies of Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean began to settle in

Europe.

B. The status of women progressed toward national, economic, and legal equality. C. However, many families suffered living off only the income of a mother.

V. Britain: Government and Economy

A. Great Britain was left physically and economically battered and drained after

World War II.

B. After the war, Britain adjusted to a new world role as their colonies shrank.

C. British soldiers were needed in Northern Ireland to keep the peace.

VI. France: Revival and Prosperity

A. General Charles de Gaulle led the French during the war, and voters began to turn

to him in the crisis.

B. In 1958, he set up the Fifth Republic, which gave him great power as president.

C. Though he wasn’t well liked when he resigned eleven years later, he helped bring

France to the leadership court in Europe.

VII. Germany: Reunited At Last

A. No economic miracle was bestowed upon East Germany after the war.

B. In 1989, however, the wall was torn down, and Germany was reunified.

C. Germans welcomed unity, but change meant problems, such as tax related issues.

VIII. Other Democratic Nations of the West

A. Postwar Italy was economically divided into a prosperous north and a rural south.

B. Spain, Portugal, and Greece were changed as a result of the war as well.

C. Governments collapsed and turned to communism, causing civil war in Greece.

IX. The United States and the Cold War

A. The United States built bases overseas that remained after the war. B. Early in the Cold War, anti-communists in the United States warned against

Soviet agents.

C. Many Americans were bitterly opposed to the Vietnam War, and didn’t want to

support it.

X. Economy and the Role of Government

A. Just as it had in Western Europe, the United States government began to get more

active in economy.

B. Tax cuts and government spending began to greatly increase the deficit.

C. Deficit is the gap between what a government spends and what it takes in.

XI. The Civil Rights Movement

A. African Americans began to fight for equality under the law and against

segregation.

B. Many Americans, both black and white, joined the Civil Rights Movement.

C. The civil rights movement inspired other groups, such as Native Americans,

Hispanics, and women.

XII. The United States and the Global Economy

A. In previous postwar decades, the United States had always benefited from the

growing global economy.

B. However, interdependence brought problems to the United States.

C. The United States still manages to remain a rich nation and a magnet for

immigrants.

XIII. Postwar Canada

A. Canada was a nation shaped by immigrants, just like the United States. B. Canada enjoyed a postwar economic boom as well, due to rich deposits of oil and

gas found in the western provinces.

C. Quebec wanted to be recognized as its own French-speaking nation.

XIV. Stalin’s Successors

A. Stalin returned from the prewar policies, bringing no goodness to the Soviet

Union.

B. Brezhnev, the man who took over the Soviet Union from Khrushchev, began to

suppress dissidents.

C. Dissidents are people who speak out against the government, such as critics.

XV. The Soviet Economy

A. In 1957, the Soviets successfully launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite.

B. However, the basic Soviet problems remained unsolved by its leaders.

C. People were put on waiting lists to buy things such as cars, and sometimes had to

wait years.

XVI. Foreign Policy Issues

A. The Soviet Union, like the United States, supplied developing nations with

military and economy aid.

B. A dangerous Cuban missile crisis was triggered when Khrushchev tried to build

nuclear bases in Cuba.

C. Détente came to a sudden end when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979.

XVII. Collapse of the Soviet Empire

A. Gorbachev called for glasnost, or openness, in the Soviet Empire.

B. He also urged people to restructure the role of the government and the economy. C. The economy in the Soviet Union was called perestroika.

XVIII. The Russian Republic

A. Russians approved a new condition, but it didn’t bring and end to their problems.

B. Minorities stirred up trouble when they began to ask for greater independence and

autonomy.

C. Russia reduced its nuclear stockpile, but remained a world power.

XIX. The Other Republics

A. Armenia was one republic that wanted to seize small neighboring countries.

B. The country of Georgia was torn apart by a bloody civil war.

C. Trade was increased and economic ties were made through help from the UN and

the World Bank, among others.

XX. In The Soviet Orbit

A. Communist leaders in Europe ended private ownership or businesses in lieu of

central economic planning, just as Soviet leaders had done.

B. The Soviet Union’s satellites became increasingly important as the unrest of the

Cold War struck.

C. Josip Tito, the guy with the cool name, refused to join the Warsaw Pact, claiming

neutrality in the Cold War.

XXI. Poland’s Struggle Toward Democracy

A. Lech Walesa led an organized, independent trade union called Solidarity.

B. The communist government was further pressured by the strain of the world.

C. Gorbachev announced in the late 1980’s that he would refrain from interfering in

Eastern Europe. XXII. Revolution and Freedom

A. One by one, communist governments were ceased by problems and quickly fell.

B. Governments had to push radical economic reforms to attract western investment.

C. In the 1990’s, Eastern Europe wanted help from the West, as well as to join

XXIII. War Comes To Sarajevo

A. After Tito died and communism fell, nationalism began to tear Yugoslavia apart.

B. Zlanta, a young girl in Sarajevo, wrote in a diary about what happened, and

eventually moved to Paris to escape the war.

C. Serbs, Muslims, and Croats began to persecute each other, and it turned to war.

XXIV. Looking Ahead

A. The warring parties were brought to Dayton, Ohio, in 1995, where a series of

agreements was made.

B. However, many agreements were unsatisfactory to Serbs, Muslims, and Croats

alike.

C. When the Serb forces advanced, the United States and its European allies didn’t

know whether or not to interfere.